Formaldehyde has high reactivity and a short detection half-life, and is widely distributed in organisms and the environment. Formaldehyde in the normal concentration range can participate in one-carbon cycle to maintain the body’s metabolic homeostasis, and abnormal fluctuations in formaldehyde concentration can induce body lesions to lead to a series of diseases. Real-time measurement of the concentration, duration and location of formaldehyde in living cells and tissues is of great significance for deciphering the physiological or pathological function of formaldehyde and diagnosing and treating formaldehyde-induced diseases. With significant advantages such as high sensitivity, good membrane permeability, real-time in situ analysis, small biological damage, and easy operation, the organic small molecule fluorescent probe is a powerful non-invasive tool that can monitor the concentration and distribution of formaldehyde in cells in real time and space. In recent years, a series of small molecule fluorescent probes have been developed for the detection of formaldehyde in living organisms. In this paper, these fluorescent probes for the visual detection of formaldehyde in organisms are summarized from recognition mechanism and fluorescence opening method these two aspects. The recognition mechanism involve Schiff base reaction, Aza-Corearrangement. And the design and development direction of formaldehyde fluorescent probes are prospected.

At present, there are many methods to govern heavy metal pollution, among which the joint governance of plants and bacteria has the advantages of low cost and high benefit, which has attracted extensive attention. Under heavy metal stress, many bacteria not only develop strong tolerance to heavy metals, but also promote plant growth by dissolving phosphorus, fixing nitrogen, dissolving potassium and secreting related metabolites. They can also enhance plant resistance to heavy metals by changing metal fluidity and inducing high expression of related genes. In this paper, the mechanism of bacteria-plants joint governance of heavy metal pollution was reviewed to provide reference for the application and research of bacteria-plants joint governance of heavy metal pollution.

According to the size of the area affected by hair loss, alopecia areata can be divided into alopecia areata pelada (AAP), alopecia totalis (AT) and alopecia universalis (AU), which can occur at any age and is more common in young adults. This article introduces the widely used and effective clinical methods of fractional laser, plum blossom needle, Minoxidil, JAK inhibitor and glucocorticoid method in the treatment of alopecia areata, summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of various methods, and finally makes a summary and prospect for the development of the treatment for alopecia areata. It provides necessary theoretical support for further research on the treatment of alopecia areata in the future.

Breast cancer has a high metastasis rate. Quantitative analysis of breast cancer growth and metastasis by real-time imaging using small animal imaging technology can help understand the disease mechanism and help drug research. Two dimensional imaging can not achieve high precision positioning and quantification of optical signals. With the progress of computer technology, it can realize the three-dimensional reconstruction of the collected images, accurately quantify the optical signals and obtain the three-dimensional information of spatial distribution. IVIS spectrum small animal in vivo optical three-dimensional imaging system has high sensitive bioluminescence, fluorescence, cherenkov radiation two-dimensional imaging and three-dimensional scanning reconstruction functions. It is the top system of small animal in vivo optical imaging. In this study, human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) were infected with lentivirus. After stable expression of luciferase, the animal models of severely combined immunodeficiency (SCID) were established. The bioluminescence two-dimensional imaging of the mice was carried out through the IVIS Spectrum living animal optical three-dimensional imaging system. The growth and metastasis of the tumor were observed noninvasively. The innovation of this paper is to make quantitative three-dimensional imaging of breast cancer mice by bioluminescence tomography. The algorithm is directly used for 3D reconstruction with the algorithm of the system. The network model of the deep encoding decoder combined with the optimized convolution of WOA is reconstructed. The reconstruction effect is verified by CT diagram, and the depth information of the tumor is obtained, and the accurate quantitative analysis of breast cancer is achieved.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune inflammatory disease characterized by synovial hyperplasia, synovial joint damage and dysfunction. At present, the treatment of RA mainly includes drug therapy, surgical treatment and physical therapy. In physical therapy, light therapy is used extensively as an adjuvant therapy because of its non-invasive and painless advantages. Therefore, in this study, 630 nm LED red light was used to explore the mechanism of photobiomodulation in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis by promoting the apoptosis of synovial fibroblasts. The result of JC-1 assay demonstrated that the depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential increased and the membrane potential decreased after 630?nm LED illumination. Using CASP3 and CASP9 activity detection kit, it is demonstrated that 630 nm LED promoted the activity of the pro-apoptotic CASP3 and CASP9 in synovial fibroblasts. RT-qPCR and Western blot showed that the expression of TRPV1 was promoted by 630 nm LED in MH7A cells. CCK-8 assay showed that the viability of MH7A cells was significantly inhibited by 630 nm LED, whereas the activity of MH7A cells treated with TRPV1 antagonist and TNF-α was not inhibited by 630 nm LED. TUNEL assay showed that apoptosis of MH7A cells was promoted by 630 nm LED, whereas apoptosis of MH7A cells treated with TRPV1 antagonist and TNF-α was not promoted by 630 nm LED. In conclusion, 630 nm LED red light promoted apoptosis by regulating TRPV1 in the TNF-α induced MH7A cells.

To immunize mouse with KLH-conjugated synthetic polypeptide fragment (C14) of cytokeratin 7 (CK7) against the dominant epitope, after cell fusion and being screened, we prepared monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against CK7, collected clinical tissues for immunohistochemical identification. The results showed that C14 polypeptide has significant immunoreactivity and immunogenicity as an antigen, and three diagnostic monoclonal antibody cell lines that stably secretes antibodies have been obtained. The 7A8 monoclonal antibody with better affinity was selected for immunohistochemical identification, and the antibody concentration was 0.49 μg/mL which is lower than 2～5 μg/mL in the commonly used CK7 detection kits in hospitals, showing high sensitivity. It showed a good specific reaction with the collected clinical specimens, and the key raw material were provided by the screened 7A8 monoclonal antibody for the development of CK7 rapid diagnostic reagents.

Compartmentalization of the subcellular space increases the efficiency of many biological processes by concentrating and delivering the required components to a confined space within the cell, and phase separation plays a key role in the membrane-less compartmentalization and serves as a linker for this disorder to order transition. Influence of magnetic field on the liquid-liquid phase separation behavior has been reported in different systems, whereas the mechanism is still under debate. From a phenomenological viewpoint, crystallization is phase separation in a thermodynamically metastable supersaturated system. Glucose, calcium and sodium are essential to various physiological processes, such as regulating the electrical potential of cells and maintaining the cellular homeostasis and function. Investigation of the magnetic field effects on crystallization of these substances may provide insights on how magnetic field facilitate disorder to order transition, and therefore affect phase separation in biological systems. In this study, the processes of cooling crystallization of glucose and calcium gluconate and evaporative crystallization of sodium chloride with or without magnetic field being applied were recorded and compared. Our data suggested that magnetic field increased the weight of precipitated crystals of all three substances, but effects of different magnetic fields differed in degree. The number of precipitated crystals of glucose and calcium gluconate, but not sodium chloride, was affected by magnetic field as well. The evaporation rate was also affected differently by magnetic fields in a concentration dependent manner. This study not only provided a theoretical basis for the further study of the biological effects and mechanism of magnetic field, but also provided a new idea for improving the crystallization efficiency in industrial production.

In order to improve the feather keratin degrading efficiency by the strain Bacillus coagulans X3, the keratinase characteristics and feather keratin degrading effect were studied. Results showed that the optimal temperature and pH were 60℃ and 7.0～8.0, and it had good thermal stability from 70～80℃. Ca2+ and Mn2+ could greatly enhance the activity of keratinase, while its activity was strongly inhibited by Cu2+ and Ni2+. The keratinase activity showed no significantly difference with the addition of Na+, Mg2+ and Fe3+. Furthermore, the keratinase activity was inhibited by phenyl methyl sulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) and ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA). However, β-mercaptoethanol and dithiothreitol (DTT) increased the relative enzyme activity. The enzyme could remain stable in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). After the optimization of feather degradation conditions, the total content of free amino acids was as high as 4.322 6 mg/mL, and the main free amino acids were valine, phenylalanine, tyrosine and glutamic acid. The results can be a technological support to the utilization of Bacillus coagulans X3.

To explore the effects of riboflavin on renal fibrosis in IL-17A-/- mice induced by fluoride, 32 wild-type and 32 IL-17A-/- 6-week-old C57BL/6J male mice were randomly divided into the control group (0.9% NaCl), sodium fluoride group (24 mg/kg NaF), riboflavin group (5 mg/kg riboflavin sodium phosphate), and sodium fluoride plus riboflavin group (24 mg/kg NaF + 5?mg/kg riboflavin sodium phosphate), 8 mice each group. Mice were treated by gavage for consecutive 90 days, then the renal morphological changes, fibrosis degree, and serum levels of Cr, UA, and BUN were detected. The results showed that riboflavin could reverse the degree of renal histological damage and fibrosis in mice caused by fluoride. Riboflavin did not alleviate the increase of serum Cr, UA and BUN levels induced by fluoride in wild type mice. The results suggested that riboflavin could alleviate the renal fibrosis degree induced by fluoride in wild type and IL-17A-/- mice, and IL-17A-/- mice presented better mitigation effect.

In order to observe corneal wound healing process after injury induced by infrared laser at the wavelength of 3.74?μm. The cornea of C57BL/6J mice was damaged by infrared laser at the wavelength of 3.74 μm for exposure duration of 0.8?s and the beam diameter of 2 mm with corneal radiant exposures of 23.2 J/cm2. Gross observation through digital camera, slit lamp microscopy, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and histological evaluation of the cornea were preformed pre-exposure and 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 1 d, 3 d, 7 d, 14 d, 21 d after injury. It was shown that the corneal lesion was grey-white and could be seen immediately after laser exposure. The anterior surface became unsmooth. The corneal opacity increased gradually and peaked at 1 d and then subsided at 3～7 d, but worsened again at 14～21 d. By slit illumination it could be seen that the corneal lesion involved the whole layer. The corneal thickness increased gradually, then subsided with time, whereas the light scattering increased again at 21 d. OCT showed that the high-reflectance?band?and the corneal thickness from the damaged region increased, and the cornea protruded significantly. At 12 h, the corneal thickness reached maximum, then decreased gradually with time. Histological section showed that at 3 h, the epithelial nuclei were hyperchromatic with pyknosis, the chromatin of epithelial nuclei staining faded and then disappeared at 6～12 h. At 1 d, 1～2 layers of newborn epithelial cells covered the injury area completely. 3～4 layers of epithelial cells could be observed at 3～7 d, and the epithelium returned to normal from 14 d to 21 d. Most chromatin in the stroma cells lost after injury at 3 h, the chromatin of stromal nuclei disappeared and infiltrating cells appeared in the stroma layer at 6～12 h. At 1 d, infiltrating cells increased in the stroma, and the infiltrating cells of the stroma migrated from the deep layer to the shallow layer at 3～7 d. From 14 d to 21 d, the infiltrating cells in the stroma decreased, whereas the stromal fibers were still irregularly arranged. The endothelial layer disappeared completely at 3 h, and a few endothelial cells appeared in the endothelium at 1 d. At 3～7 d, the endothelial cells increased and flattened, and the endothelium returned to normal from 14 d to 21 d. Thus, the cornea lesion induced by 3.74 μm laser at the irradiation dose of 23.2 J/cm2 in mice model involved the whole cornea layer. After injury, the corneal response was enhanced at first, and then?recovered?gradually. The epithelium and endothelium recovered to normal, while the structure of the stroma layer did not return to normal during the observation period. Providing the experimental basis for hazard evaluation of corneal injuryed by laser and treatment.

To investigate the expression of phospholipase A2 groupⅦ (PLA2G7) gene in cervical cancer tissues by multiple tumor databases and bioinformatics methods, and to analyze the relationship between PLA2G7 and clinical prognosis and immune infiltration, we analyzed the genetic aberration, expression of PLA2G7 gene and its relationship with patient prognosis by using cBioPortal, GEO, GEPIA2, and TCGA databases. GSEA and GSVA were performed to evaluate the potential biological functions of PLA2G7. The correlations between PLA2G7 gene expression and immune infiltration and their marker genes were investigated via TIMER database. The results have indicated that compared with normal cervical tissues, PLA2G7 was higher in cervical cancer tissues, and high PLA2G7 expression were significantly enriched in immune-related pathways such as chemokine signaling pathway, natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity and T cell receptor signaling pathway. High expression of PLA2G7 was associated with prolonged OS (Log-rank P=0.030). Subgroup analysis revealed that high expression of PLA2G7 was related with better OS in older, stageⅠ&stageⅡ, and G3&G4 patients but not other subgroup patients. PLA2G7 expression was positively correlated with infiltrating levels of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells. And it was strongly correlated with immune cell markers CD86, CD115 (CSF1R), CD163, MS4A4A, CD11c (ITGAX), CTLA4 and TIM-3 (HAVCR2). The results of analysis showed that in cervical tumor tissues, the high expression of PLA2G7 may improve the survival of patients by enhancing the recruitment signaling pathway of immune cells and regulating the enrichment of immune infiltration cells, which provides a theoretical basis for the use of PLA2G7 as a biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer and its prognostic assessment.

To investigate the effects of rotating tillage coverage and no-tillage with stubble on wheat yield in dryland, field test was carried out in the long-term conservation tillage experimental area of Yaodu District, Linfen city, with ‘Jinmai 102’ as test material. The effects of two tillage modes of no-tillage with stubble and rotating tillage coverage on soil moisture content, physiological indexes of wheat leaf drought resistance, osmotic regulation indexes, photosynthetic biomass, leaf area index and yield were investigated. The results showed as follow: 1) During the critical growth period of wheat in dryland, no-tillage with stubble was more beneficial to increase the water content of 0～50 cm and 120～200 cm soil layer and increase the available water of wheat when compared with rotating tillage coverage; 2) When compared with rotating tillage coverage, no-tillage with stubble reduced the imbalance of antioxidant enzyme activity, membrane damage and relieved the imbalance of cell infiltration, which was beneficial to maintain water needed for normal growth and delayed leaf senescence in wheat under drought stress; 3) The chlorophyll content was increased under no-tillage with stubble, especially the degradation of chlorophyll was alleviated, thereby enhancing the photosynthesis and nutrient accumulation of dryland wheat; 4) The net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate was increased under no-tillage with stubble when compared with rotating tillage coverage; 5) When compared with rotating tillage coverage, no-tillage with stubble increased leaf area index, promoted grain filling, increased tiller number and spike number per centiare. The results of this study can provide scientific basis for the rational tillage pattern of wheat in dryland farmland.