At present, there are many methods to govern heavy metal pollution, among which the joint governance of plants and bacteria has the advantages of low cost and high benefit, which has attracted extensive attention. Under heavy metal stress, many bacteria not only develop strong tolerance to heavy metals, but also promote plant growth by dissolving phosphorus, fixing nitrogen, dissolving potassium and secreting related metabolites. They can also enhance plant resistance to heavy metals by changing metal fluidity and inducing high expression of related genes. In this paper, the mechanism of bacteria-plants joint governance of heavy metal pollution was reviewed to provide reference for the application and research of bacteria-plants joint governance of heavy metal pollution.