The dysfunction of blood-vessel-lining endothelial cells is a major cause of mortality. Although endothelial cells, being present in all organs as a single-cell layer, are often conceived as a rather inert cell population, the vascular endothelium as a whole should be considered a highly dynamic and interactive systemically disseminated organ. This article reviewed the characteristics of endothelial cells in the entire life cycle of the vascular system, including angiogenesis, angiogenesis, maintenance of resting state, and vascular aging, providing a theoretical basis for deepening the understanding of the relationship between endothelial cells and diseases.

Previously, it was believed that vascular endothelial cells were regarded merely as a structural component of the cardiovascular wall. However, in recent years, it has been discovered that endothelial cells have multiple guiding functions. Endothelial cells convert mechanical stimuli into biochemical signals through receptor tyrosine kinases, ion channels, integrins, and junction proteins. The vascular endothelium also participates in the control of organ metabolism by regulating insulin, lipids, glucose and other substances. Capillary endothelial cells not only transport oxygen or nutrients, but also provide support for organ development and adult organ regeneration through paracrine action. In addition, vascular endothelial cells can also maintain metabolic homeostasis in an endocrine manner. This article reviewed the mechanism of endothelial guidance function in vascular endothelial cells, in order to provide new strategies for the treatment of related diseases.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of licorice and dried ginger decoction on epithelial-mesenchymal transition and invasion of breast cancer 4T1 cells in mice.Methods4T1 cells were inoculated into the armpits of mice for modeling. After successful modeling, the mice were divided into the control group (without intervention) and the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) group (0.9 g/kg licorice and dried ginger decoction for 20 consecutive days), with 20 mice in each group. The optical density was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the proliferation inhibition rate of peritoneal macrophages was calculated. The invasion and migration abilities of cells were compared by Transwell assay. The wound healing test was used to detect the cell healing ability, and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related protein expression test was used to detect the abnormal transformation of cells.ResultsCompared with the same group at 6 hours, the cell proliferation inhibition rate, invasiveness, migration ability and healing rate at other time points in both groups were all increased (P<0.05). At 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours, the cell proliferation inhibition rate, invasiveness, migration ability and healing rate of the TCM group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of epithelial-mesenchymal non-transformation in the TCM group was significantly lower than that in the control group, and the incidence of abnormal transformation with epithelial marker deletion was higher than that in the control group, and the difference were statistically significant(P<0.05).ConclusionLicorice and dried ginger decoction can inhibit the invasion, migration, cell healing and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of breast cancer 4T1 cells in mice.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of denosumab on bone metabolism indicators in middle-aged and elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complicated with sarcopenia.MethodsA total of 90 middle-aged and elderly patients with T2DM complicated with sarcopenia admitted to the endocrinology department of our hospital from January 2022 to January 2024 were selected and randomly divided into the observation group and the control group by simple sorting method, with 45 cases in each group. Both groups received conventional treatment. The observation group was added with denosumab. Both groups were treated for 12 months, and relevant indicators were detected and recorded once every 3 months.ResultsBefore treatment and 3 months after treatment, there were no significant differences in indicators such as limb skeletal muscle mass index, grip strength, and walking speed between the two groups (P>0.05). After 6 months of treatment, the aforementioned indicators in the observation group were significantly increased compared with those before treatment and the control group at the same time point (P<0.01). Before treatment, there was no significant difference in the levels of osteocalcin, procollagen type Ⅰ N-terminal propeptide and -collagen degradation products between the two groups(P>0.05). After treatment and at 6 months of treatment, the aforementioned indicators in the observation group improved better than those in the control group before treatment and at the same time point (P<0.05). There was a significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P<0.05).ConclusionDenosumab can effectively improve the muscle strength of middle-aged and elderly patients with T2DM complicated with sarcopenia, promote bone formation, reduce bone resorption, and has a positive impact on patients.

ObjectiveTo explore the efficacy of modified Yishen Jianpei decoction combined with Jinshuibao in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) and its influence on immunomodulatory factors.MethodsA total of 96 CGN patients in the emergency internal medicine department of our hospital from February 2020 to February 2024 were selected as the research subjects. They were randomly divided into the reference group (treated with Jinshuibao) and the combined group (treated with modified Yishen Jianpi decoction combined with Jinshuibao), with 48 cases in each group. After treatment, the clinical efficacy, inflammatory levels, immunomodulatory factors, renal function, renal fibrosis indicators and the occurrence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.ResultsAfter treatment, the total effective rate of the combined group was higher than that of the reference group (89.58% vs. 66.67%, P<0.05). The levels of C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, white blood cell count, interleukin-6, interleukin-2 and tumor necrosis factor- in the combined group were lower than those in the reference group (P<0.05), and the level of interleukin-4 was higher than that in the reference group (P<0.05). The serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, 24-hour urine protein quantification and urine red blood cell count in the combined group were lower than those in the reference group(P<0.05). The levels of laminin, type Ⅳ collagen and tissue metalloproteinase inhibitor-1 in the combined group were lower than those in the reference group (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the occurrence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0.05).ConclusionModified Yishen Jianpi decoction combined with Jinshuibao can improve the immune function and renal function of patients with CGN, reduce the degree of renal fibrosis, and has good safety. It is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of early local injection of glucocorticoids in the treatment of subacute thyroiditis (SAT), and to analyze its effects on bone metabolism.MethodsA total of 60 SAT patients in our hospital from January 2020 to December 2022 were randomly divided into study group (early local injection of glucocorticoids) and control group (oral administration), with 30 cases in each group. All patients were treated with glucocorticoids for 8 weeks. The efficacy, symptom improvement time, inflammatory response [erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP)], thyroid function [free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)], bone metabolism [type I procollagen N-terminal propeptide (PINP), osteoprotectin(OPG)] and occurrence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.ResultsAfter treatment, the recovery rate of the study group was higher than that of the control group (96.67% vs. 80.00%, P<0.05). The time of fever remission, pain remission and swelling remission in the study group was shorter than that in the control group (P<0.05). The levels of ESR and CRP in both groups were lower than before treatment (P<0.05), and the study group was lower than the control group (P<0.05). After 4 and 8 weeks of treatment, FT3 and FT4 of the two groups were lower than before treatment (P<0.05), and TSH were higher than before treatment(P<0.05), and FT3 and FT4 of the study group were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05), and TSH were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). After 8 weeks of treatment, the PINP of the study group was higher than that of the control group, and the OPG was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the occurrence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0.05).ConclusionEarly local injection can improve the effect of glucocorticoids on SAT, reduce inflammation, improve thyroid function, and reduce the effect of glucocorticoids on bone metabolism.

ObjectiveTo explore the therapeutic effect of Sangbaipi decoction in treating acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with phlegm-heat stagnation in the lung syndrome and its influence on respiratory function, procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP).MethodsA total of AECOPD 102 patients with phlegm-heat stagnation in the lung syndrome in our hospital from July 2021 to July 2024 were selected and randomly divided into the study group and the control group, with 51 cases in each group. Both groups were given conventional treatment and western medicine therapy, while the study group was additionally given Sangbaipi decoction. After treatment, the clinical efficacy, respiratory function, PCT and CRP, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) concentration and the occurrence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.ResultsAfter treatment, the total effective rate in the study group was higher than that in the control group (92.16% vs. 76.47%, P<0.05). The forced expiratory volume in the first second, forced vital capacity and the ratio of the two in the study group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The levels of serum PCT and CRP, and the concentrations of NLR and FeNO in the study group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The occurrence of wheezing, coughing, wheezing sounds and disappearance of wet rales in the study group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). During the treatment period, there was no significant difference in the occurrence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0.05).ConclusionIn the treatment of AECOPD with phlegm-heat stagnation in the lung syndrome, the combination of Sangbaipi decoction can effectively relieve respiratory symptoms, significantly reduce the levels of PCT and CRP, and has unique advantages in improving respiratory function.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of trastuzumab combined with TP regimen in the treatment of breast cancer, and to analyze its effect on plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1, human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) 2 receptor and lymphocyte subsets.MethodsA total of 100 breast cancer patients in Yingshang County People's Hospital from January 2020 to November 2024 were selected for the study and randomly divided into the observation group and the control group, with 50 cases in each group. Five cases dropped out during the study. Eventually, the patients were divided into an observation group of 48 cases and a control group of 47 cases. The control group was treated with the TP regimen, while the observation group was treated with trastuzumab combined with TP regimen. The clinical efficacy, PAI-1, HER2, lymphocyte subsets, tumor markers and the occurrence of adverse reactions of the two groups were compared.ResultsAfter treatment, the total effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group (79.17% vs. 53.19%, P<0.05). The level of PAI-1 and the expression of HER2 receptor in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The levels of cluster of differentiation(CD) 3+ and CD4+ in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05), while CD8+ was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). The levels of carbohydrate antigen 153, tissue polypeptide specific antigen and carcinoembryonic antigen in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0.05).ConclusionTrastuzumab combined with TP regimen has a significant therapeutic effect in the treatment of breast cancer. It can effectively inhibit tumor progression and also improve the levels of PAI-1, HER2 and the distribution of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets.

ObjectiveTo explore the efficacy of Gulong capsule combined with methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its influence on the immune inflammatory response.MethodsA total of 120 RA patients admitted to Linquan county people's hospital from January 2023 to March 2024 were selected and randomly divided into the observation group and the control group, with 60 cases in each group. The control group was treated with ibuprofen combined with methotrexate, while the observation group was treated with Gulong capsules combined with methotrexate. Both groups were treated continuously for 12 weeks. The clinical effective rates, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-, interleukin (IL)-6, cluster of differentiation (CD)4+/CD8+, rheumatoid factor (RF), C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), disease activity score in 28 joints (DAS28), morning stiffness duration, changes in the number of swollen joints, the number of tender joints and adverse reactions of the two groups were compared between the two groups.ResultAfter treatment, the total effective rate of treatment in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (90.00% vs. 75.00%, P<0.05). After treatment, the scores of TNF-, IL-6, CD4+/CD8+, RF, CRP, ESR, DAS28, the duration of morning stiffness, the number of joint swellers, and the number of joint tenderness were all lower than those before treatment in both groups, and the reduction degree in the observation group was more significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the occurrence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0.05).ConclusionThe combination of Gulong capsule and methotrexate in the treatment of RA has a significant effect. It can improve the immune inflammatory response of patients, promote the recovery of joint function, and does not increase adverse reactions. It has a good clinical application value.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of ultrashort wave and semiconductor laser combined with celecoxib on knee joint function, plantar pressure, and blood viscosity in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA).MethodsA total of 168 KOA patients admitted to our hospital from September 2021 to September 2023 were selected and divided into three groups based on different treatment therapy methods: celecoxib group (group A, n=56), ultrashort wave and semiconductor laser group (group B, n=53), and ultrashort wave and semiconductor laser combined with celecoxib group (group C, n=59). All groups received continuous treatment for 5 weeks. One month after the treatment, a follow-up was conducted to evaluate changes in knee joint function, VAS pain scores, blood viscosity indicators, plantar pressure, and adverse reactions in the three groups.ResultsAll participants completed the follow-up. After treatment and at 1-month follow-up, the knee joint function and pain reduction of all three groups showed significant improvements compared to those before treatment (P<0.05). After treatment and 1-month follow-up, group C demonstrated superior plantar pressure values in the first toe region, second to fifth toe regions, mid-foot region, and heel region compared to groups A and B, with statistically significant differences(P<0.05). The adverse reaction rate in group C was 5.08%, slightly lower than group A (5.36%) and group B(9.43%), but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05).ConclusionCombination therapy with ultrashort wave and semiconductor laser and celecoxib significantly improves blood rheology, promotes knee joint functional recovery, regulates plantar pressure, effectively alleviates pain, and does not increase the risk of adverse events in KOA patients.

ObjectiveTo explore the effects and safety of remimazolam in combination with remifentanil for anesthesia during hysteroscopic surgery.MethodsA total of 120 patients who underwent hysteroscopic surgery at our hospital from June 2022 to June 2024 were included, and were randomly divided into the control group (n=60) and the study group(n=60). The control group received remifentanil plus propofol for anesthesia, while the study group received remifentanil plus remimazolam. The hemodynamic parameters, anesthesia induction time, emergence time, orienting recovery time, satisfaction score, and adverse reactions of the two groups were compared.ResultsThere were no differences in mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate(HR), and oxygen saturation(SpO2) between the two groups before anesthesia induction (T0) and at the end of surgery (T3)(P>0.05). The MAP and SpO2 values at 1 minute after induction (T1) and during cervical dilation (T2) were lower than T0 in both groups, with the study group being higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). The HR value at T1 and T2 were higher than T0 in both groups, with the study group being lower than the control group (P<0.05). The anesthesia induction time, emergence time and orienting recovery time were shorter than those in the control group (P<0.05). The satisfaction score in the study group was higher than that in the control group[(4.82±0.46) points vs. (4.13±0.37) points, P<0.05]. The incidence of adverse reactions in the study group was lower than that in the control group (8.33% vs. 21.67%, P<0.05).ConclusionThe combination of remimazolam and fentanyl provides good anesthesia effects, which can effectively maintain hemodynamic stability of patients undergoing hysteroscopic surgery, and reduce emergence time and the incidence of adverse reactions.

ObjectiveTo establish the evaluation criteria for the rational use of pentoxifylline injection in patients with cerebral infarction(CI) caused by cerebral artery stenosis, and to provide a basis for rational clinical drug use.MethodsBased on the instructions of pentoxifylline injection, relevant guidelines for CI caused by cerebral artery stenosis, and previous literature, the evaluation criteria were formulated. The attribute hierarchy model(AHM) was used to evaluate 292 cases of cerebral artery stenosis CI discharged patients who treated with pentoxifylline injection in our hospital from March 2023 to August 2024.ResultIn the evaluation of the rationality of the results, The relative weights of the indicators, from largest to smallest, are indications(0.1545), dosage and administration(0.1360), contraindications(0.1199), adverse reactions(0.1087), solvent selection(0.1008), drug interactions(0.1002), course of treatment(0.0955), precautions(0.0932), and route of administration(0.0912). Five patients(1.71%) had cases of exceeding contraindications and not following the precautions. Among them, the total deduction score of the visiting department was 106.55 points, with the deduction score for contraindications accounting for 56.26% and the deduction score for precautions accounting for 43.74%. There were 287 cases(98.29%) with excellent case scores and 5 cases(1.71%) with qualified cases. Contraindications and precautions showed significant differences in the score comparison(P<0.001).ConclusionThe use of AHM to evaluate the rationality of pentoxifylline injection in CI patients caused by cerebral artery stenosis has clinical value. The current medication regimens are generally in line with the norms, but improvements are still needed in the screening of contraindications and medication monitoring. It is suggested to optimize management through measures such as strengthening multi-disciplinary collaboration, improving the electronic system for medication contraindications, and enhancing the review of pharmacists' prescriptions and medication education.

Eplontersen is a novel ligand-coupled antisense oligonucleotide drug for the treatment of transthyretin amyloid polyneuropathy (ATTR-PN). Compared with inotersen, eplontersen has a lower dosage and a lower frequency of administration, while its safety is improved. This article reviewed the mechanism, clinical efficacy and safety of eplontersen in the treatment of ATTR-PN, aiming to provide a reference for clinical medication.

Poria cocos polysaccharide is a medicinal substance derived from dried sclerotium, mycelium and fermentation broth of Poria cocos. It exhibits various biological activities, including anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antidepressive effects. Poria cocos polysaccharide is mainly used in clinical practice to treat malignant tumors, colitis and depression and other diseases. With the in-depth study of the anti-tumor mechanism of Poria cocos polysaccharides, researchers have found that it exerts anti-tumor effects through immune regulation, inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, anti-angiogenesis and genetic regulation, and is widely used in the treatment of liver cancer, lung cancer and breast cancer. This article will comprehensively and systematically summarize the latest mechanism of action of Poria cocos polysaccharides against tumors, providing basic data and theoretical basis for the clinical application of the antitumor effect of Poria cocos polysaccharides and the development of new drugs.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a liver disease caused by metabolic abnormalities. NAFLD causes structural damage, dysfunction of the liver and, in severe cases, multiple organ failure. At present, the global prevalence of NAFLD is on the rise, and there is an urgent need for safe and effective therapeutic drugs. The intestinal flora is a complex microbial ecosystem that interacts with various body tissues through an intricate network, and the metabolites it generates are closely related to NAFLD. The polysaccharides of traditional Chinese medicine have the potential to regulate inflammation, immune response and intestinal microbiota, which can improve NAFLD. This article reviewed the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharides and intestinal flora in NAFLD, aiming to provide better therapeutic strategies for NAFLD.