Particle distribution estimation is an important issue in medical diagnosis. In particular, photon scattering in some medical devices extremely degrades image quality and causes measurement inaccuracy. The Monte Carlo (MC) algorit

The need for high-speed imaging in applications such as biomedicine, surveillance, and consumer electronics has called for new developments of imaging systems. While the industrial effort continuously pushes the advance of silicon

We propose a practical scheme for end-to-end optical backpropagation in neural networks. Using saturable absorption for the nonlinear units, we find that the backward-propagating gradients required to train the network can be appr

Chronic wounds affect around 2% of the world population with an annual multi-billion dollar cost to the healthcare system. This background pushes the development of new therapies and procedures for wound healing and its assessment

Particle-like structures of solitons, as a result of the balance between dispersion and nonlinearity, enable remarkable elastic and inelastic soliton collisions in many fields. Despite the experimental observation of temporal vect

Structured ultrashort-pulse laser beams, and in particular eigenmodes of the paraxial Helmholtz equation, are currently extensively studied for novel potential applications in various fields, e.g., laser plasma acceleration, attos

In this work, we study how an epitaxial laser-like (or superluminescent diode-like) structure is modified by intentional changes of the substrate misorientation in the range of 0.5°–2.6°. The 40 μm×40 μm test structure with misori

High-harmonic generation in the ultraviolet region is promising for wireless technology used for communications and sensing. However, small high-order nonlinear coefficients prevent us from obtaining high conversion efficiency and

In this study, a quaternary blending strategy was applied in the fabrication of organic photovoltaic devices and large-area modules. As a result, the ultimate quaternary organic solar cells (OSCs) deliver 16.71% efficiency for sma

Bulk scintillators that are with high density, low cost, and fine pulse-height energy spectral resolution, and are non-hygroscopic and user friendly, are desired for high-energy gamma-ray spectroscopy application. Recently, low-co

Photonic nanostructures with resonant modes that can generate large electric field (EF) enhancements are applied to enhance light-matter interactions in nanoscale, bringing about great advances in both fundamental and applied scie

Chaotic dynamics in optical microcavities, governed dominantly by manifolds, is of great importance for both fundamental studies and photonic applications. Here, we report the experimental observation of a stable manifold characte

There is still a lack of high-performance terahertz (THz) modulators with wide operation bandwidth and large modulation depth due to the underlying physics limitation behind existing approaches. Meanwhile, for many applications, s

Amorphous materials are attractive candidates for fabricating the superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) due to their superior tolerance and scalability over crystalline niobium nitride. However, the reduced sup

We propose what we believe is a novel proposal for realizing a quantum C-NOT logic gate, through fabricating an interesting hybrid device with a chiral photon-pulse switch, a single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center, and an optical mic

Depth of focus (DOF) and transverse resolution define the longitudinal range and definition of the focusing lens. Although metasurface axilenses and light-sword metalenses with radial and angular modulations can elongate the DOF,

Characterizing the amplitude, phase profile, and polarization of optical beams is critical in modern optics. With a series of cascaded optical components, one can accurately resolve the optical singularity and polarization state i

Recent advances of space-time-coding digital metasurfaces demonstrate powerful capabilities in the generation of nonlinear harmonics and the accurate control of the corresponding wavefronts. However, to date the near field manipul

In the present study, an optical fiber surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor was developed for measuring time- and concentration-dependent DNA hybridization kinetics. Its design complies with a 3D Au/Al2O3 multilayer composite

The combined effect of short (picosecond) optical and (nanosecond) electrical pulses on dielectric breakdown is investigated both theoretically and experimentally. It was demonstrated that nanosecond electrical pulses (nsEPs), bei