The normal growth of cells requires maintaining the balance between oxidation and antioxidant, while the high glucose environment can destroy this balance, make the cell oxidation and antioxidant ability imbalance, tend to oxidize, produce a large number of oxidation intermediate products, resulting in oxidative stress (OS) damage, resulting in inflammatory factor secretion, and cell proliferation is slow, growth is inhibited. Photobiomodulation (PBM) has become an indispensable method in rehabilitation treatment. On the one hand, PBM can improve the activity of antioxidant enzymes, regulate the balance of antioxidant system, accelerate collagen synthesis; on the other hand, PBM can promote the secretion of cytokines and growth factors, reduce inflammatory response, maintain oxidation and antioxidant balance, promote cell proliferation. A large number of cell experiments, animal experiments and clinical studies have made an in-depth study and discussion on the specific mechanism and curative effects of PBM. In order to better promote the application of PBM in the field of clinical and life sciences, the existing research results are reviewed and combed. In this paper, the changes of cell damage, the mechanism of PBM repairing damage, the research progress and prospect of PBM in high sugar environment are reviewed, and the mechanism of repair of cell oxidative stress damage induced by high glucose in PBM is described, which can better promote the application of optics in the field of biomedicine.

Rumen simulation is an important technique to study animal nutrition and metabolism in vitro, which is mainly divided into batch culture method and continuous culture method. This paper reviews the classification of artificial rumen simulation technology and its research and application in the field of animal nutrition at home and abroad in recent years, such as evaluation of feed nutritional value, evaluation of different feed combination effects, evaluation of rumen fermentation characteristics of feed additives and etc. aiming to provide references for related research.

The sepsis models of cecal ligation and puncture(CLP) in rats and mice were analyzed, and potential sepsis-related genes were found from the perspective of model animals, providing a theoretical basis for diagnosis and treatment of sepsis. After downloading the original microarray data set from the NCBI-Gene Expression Omnibus database (NCBI-GEO), cecal ligation puncture sepsis model and sham operation groups were included. Bioinformatics methods are used to screen differential genes after standardization of data. Then we performed enrichment analysis and pathway analysis, constructed a protein interaction network to screen core proteins and key candidate genes with important physiological regulatory functions. Through the differential gene expression chip screening of liver tissues after cecal puncture in rats, we obtained 350 differential genes that were up-regulated 1.5 times and more, and 1 337 differential genes that were down-regulated 2 times and more. Screening of differential gene expression chips of liver tissues after sepsis induction in mice yielded 3 532 differential genes that were up-regulated 1.5 times or more, and 4 020 differential genes that were down-regulated 1.5 times or more. According to the overlap of the differential genes from the above chip results, 29 differentially expressed genes were up-regulated more than 1.5 times, and 84 differentially expressed genes were down-regulated. Besides performing a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, biological processes (BP), molecular functions (MF), cellular components (CC) and KEGG(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes) pathway analysis of gene function on the above genes in the David database, we found that a total of 10 pathways are closely related to sepsis liver tissue. The most important pathway is the MAPK pathway, followed by HIF-1 (hypoxia inducible factor 1), FoxO (forkhead box, sub-group O), hepatitis B, platelet activation and bile regulation of secretory pathways. This provides a theoretical basis for our further research on the pathophysiology and diagnosis and treatment of sepsis.

We propose an off-axis parabolic mirror (OAPM) afocal scanning system which can improve the image quality in the marginal area of two-photon microscopy. Compared with the traditional double lenses afocal scanning system, the OAPM afocal scanning system consists of a pair of parabolic mirrors, and a galvo scanner is located at one of the foci of the parabolic mirror. Both the simulation and experiment results show that the OAPM afocal scanning system can significantly reduce the astigmatism, the field curvature and the distortion introduced on the edge of field of view. Furthermore, adopting the proposed afocal scanning system, we build a two-photon microscope with a field of view of 2.4 mm×2.4 mm and a lateral resolution of 1 μm. Using this system, the neuron axons in the mouse brain slice can be clearly resolved.

Complex microbial preparations are a class of effective biological control agents that play an important role in agriculture and aquaculture. In this study, the Penaeus penicillatus was used as the test object. Four microbial preparation treatments were arranged (Group 1~4) with the microbial agents accounted for 0.0%, 1.0%, 1.5%and 2.0%of feed quality, respectively. Group 1 was set to be the control without any microbial preparations insertion. The whole experiment lasted 33 days. To investigate the effect of microbial agents on the growth of prawn, several data had been measured, such as the growth performance of prawn, the properties of the bottom mud and water quality. The results showed that there were no significant differences in the body weight of the four groups before experiment (P>0.050). After the experiment, the body weight of each experimental group was higher than that of the control group (P＜0.050). Above all, the body weight of group 4 was(0.60±0.03)g, indicating that the use of complex microbial preparations promoted the growth of prawn. Meanwhile, there were also significant differences in the number of Vibrios in water between different times of the experiment (P=0.000). The number of Vibrios in the control group displayed an upward trend. On the 30th day, the number of Vibrios in the control group without microbial agents was the highest, indicating that microbial agents could control the growth of harmful bacteria in aquaculture water environment. The DO value in the water was significantly different in different culture time (F=191.959, P=0.000). The content of NH4-N、NO2-N and NO3-N was similar to the above. The F value was 250.633,659.806 and 1 937.649, respectively, whereas P value was 0.000. After the 10th day of culture, the DO content in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group, whereas the NH4-N, NO2-N and NO3-N value in the experimental group were lower than that in the control group. In summary, the compound microbial bacteria agent can obviously promote the growth of prawn and purify the breeding environment to a certain extent.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) family plays a key role in the regulation of gene expression and cytoplasmic function, and also plays an important role in the development of tumor. Recently, MAPK4, a novel member of MAPK family, has been found to promote the progression of lung cancer. However, the role of MAPK4 has not been reported in cervical cancer. In this study, we first analyzed MAPK4 mRNA levels in 65 tumor cell lines from 12 tissue types by GSCA online software. We found MAPK4 was highly expressed in HeLa cells. The MAPK4 levels were lower in SiHa cells relative to HeLa cells. And then these two cervical cancer cells were selected for further study. Firstly, the MAPK4 levels were depleted in HeLa cells, and then the proliferation ability of HeLa cells was detected by CCK8 assay. We found that depletion of MAPK4 significantly decreased the proliferation ability of HeLa cells. Next, MAPK4 overexpression plasmids were transfected in SiHa cells, and then cell proliferation was detected. We found that MAPK4 overexpression significantly increased the cell viability of SiHa cells. Moreover, we explored the molecular mechanism of MAPK4 induced proliferation of cervical cancer cells. By Western blot, we showed that MAPK4 promoted AKT activity in both cervical cancer cells. These results suggested that MAPK4 might promote the proliferation of cervical cancer cells by activating AKT. In conclusion, our results showed that MAPK4 could be used as a marker of cervical cancer proliferation potential and a potential molecular target for cervical cancer treatment. This study provided new insights for the pathogenesis of cervical cancer, and exerted a certain value for the development of new targeted drugs for the treatment of cervical cancer.

Phosphorus deficiency has become one of the abiotic stresses that hinder the enhancement of crop yield. It has become one of the hot spots in crop science to screen out low phosphorus tolerance resources and carry out crop breeding for low phosphorus tolerance, and it is particularly important to monitor the phosphorus content in plants timely and effectively. In this paper, the content of phosphorus in the tissues of fresh and young leaves and roots of foxtail millet were determined by molybdenum antimony anti-colorimetric method before and after improvement. It was found that the phosphorus content measured by the modified molybdenum antimony anti-colorimetric method has a good linear relationship with the colorimetric absorbance in a certain range. The linear equation was y=1.060 3x-0.010 3, and the linear correlation coefficient was 0.998 1. Using the method for foxtail millet fresh tender leaf, mature young root, leaf, root, fresh young ear, mature stalks and those tissues which was frozen by liquid nitrogen, and the foxtail millet seeds, the phosphorus content from these different millet crop tissues, and their phosphorus content under different phosphorus concentration treatments (0.005, 0.250 mmol/L) were determined. It is proved that this method has good sensitivity and precision, and the standard deviation measured by this method is small, within the range of 0~0.015 8. The relative standard deviation (RSD) ranges from 0% to 1.81%. The detection limit ranges from 0 to 0.047 4 μg/mL, with good repeatability. The method can also be used to effectively screen foxtail millet varieties with different phosphorus absorption efficiency. Modified molybdenum-antimony anti-colorimetric method has agood linearity, low standard deviation and ideal precision, which is suitable for the determination of low concentration phosphorus in plants, and can provide a basis and reference for the determination of total phosphorus in different foxtail millet materials.

Animal models were widely used in the research of the etiology, pathogenesis, prevention, treatment of human diseases, and the development of new animal models of human diseases could greatly promote relevant research progress. In this study, a new bone defect model based on zebrafish was explored. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to evaluate the building and repairing process of bone defect model in vivo. Thirteen adult zebrafish of the same size were used in this study, of which 10 were molded with bone defects and the remaining 3 were used as control. Firstly, each zebrafish skull was scanned by OCT, and then a hole about 200 microns in diameter was opened in the optic parietal region of the skull with a self-developed tool to form a bone defect. OCT was used to evaluate the skull injury of each zebrafish on the 2nd, 5th, 9th, 11th, 14th and 21st day, respectively. Twenty-one days after recovery, pathological experiments were performed to evaluate zebrafish skull. The pathological results of the defected skull were compared with OCT results. The experimental results showed that OCT could evaluate the process of bone defect recovery in vivo with high resolution. The new bone is clearly visible. The results of OCT imaging were highly matched with those of pathological results. In conclusion, the strategy of combining zebrafish model with OCT imaging technology will provide new impetus for the study of bone defect diseases.

Human myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is the central factor for inflammatory signaling pathways downstream of members of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor families. To explore the human MyD88 structures and functions by bioinformatics analysis, results showed human MyD88 gene of full length 5 670 bp, located on chromosome 3p22.2, and encoded 296 amino acids, which was a higher conserved one. Meanwhile, human MyD88 was highly distributed in the blood, spleen and lung, with no signal peptides, whereas it included 2 sumolation sites and 15 serine phosphorylation sites, 6 threonine phosphorylation sites and 4 tyrosine phosphorylation sites. The secondary structure was mainly consisted of 145 α-helix and 30 β-sheet regions, indicating that the tertiary structure was reliable by ramachandran plot. In addition, human MyD88 also has protein interaction with Toll-like receptors and interleukins, participating in inflammatory reaction, cell apoptosis and other immunologic processes. All together, our bioinformatics analysis would provide a basis for understanding structure features and biological functions of human MyD88, guiding a new schema for the diagnosis and treatment in the future.

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a kind of herpesvirus which is widely infected all over the world. It is also the most common pathogen that causes fetal congenital malformations and death of organ transplant recipients. Some studies showed that gH protein was the main neutralizing antigen of HCMV, and specific anti-gH antibodys had the potential to neutralize HCMV and block virus transmission between cells. In this study, the gH gene fragment without signal peptide and transmembrane region was amplified, whose template was the BAC containing the whole genome of human cytomegalovirus clinical strain Toledo, and inserted into the expression vector to construct the recombinant expression plasmid pET32a′-gH. The recombinant plasmid with correct sequence identified was transformed into the expression strain TransB, and then TransB was induced to express the recombinant protein. Eight-week-old male BALB/c mice were immunized with purified recombinant gH protein. Five cell lines stably secreting anti-gH monoclonal antibodies were obtained by hybridoma technique, which were named 8A9, 8B4, 8C4, 8D9 and 8D12 respectively. All the five monoclonal antibodies had good reactivity to gH protein. Among them, 8A9, 8B4, 8D9 and 8D12 had certain virus capture ability, and the capture ability of 8D9 and 8D12 was stronger. In this study, we obtained anti-gH monoclonal antibodies with independent intellectual property rights, and the antibodies had good virus capture ability. On this basis, we will further identify whether they are neutralizing antibodys, which will lay a foundation for the development of neutralizing antibodies for the treatment of HCMV infection in the future.

This paper mainly studies the high-yield characteristics and passage stability of recombinant human infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza H7N9 strain as the main working seed batch in the continuous passage of Vero cells, providing preliminary research for vaccine development.The H7N9 influenza virus Vero cell adaptation group (A/Anhui/1/2013Va) was inoculated into Vero cells at MOI=0.01, and passaged for 15 consecutive generations. Hemagglutination test was used to detect the hemagglutination titer of each generation of virus was and conducted the virus growth curve on Vero cells was drawn; MDCK cells are used for each generation of virus to detect the infectious titer of the virus; type identification of recombinant viruses H7N9 passage 1 and passage 16 was done by single radial immunodiffusion; take the 1st, 5th and 16th generation viruses were taken, and half the amount of infection and lethality of chicken embryos to detect the virulence of the virus during the passage; RNA from H7N9 influenza viruses of the 1st and 16th generation were extracted, reverse-transcribed and sequenced after cloning to compare changes in hemagglutinin(HA) and neuraminidase(NA) genes of the virus during successive passages.The test results showed that the virus titer became more and more stable during successive passages, and the titer remained stable at 384~448; the infectious titer of the virus was maintained at 7 Log10TCID50/mL; virus virulence did not change significantly during the passaging process; HA and NA did not show changes in the encoded amino acids due to gene mutations during continuous passaging. The H7N9 Anhui strain virus has not only a stable yield during the passage of Vero cells, but also its virulence and genes are stable. It can be used as a candidate strain of H7N9 influenza vaccine.

In this study, three cotton near isogenic lines with different fiber colors, green cotton, brown cotton and white cotton, were selected as materials to study the changes of physiological characteristics of main stem functional leaves in the whole growth stages, and the correlation between physiological indexes and yield factors was analyzed. The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate of two colored cottons in the whole growth stages was lower than that of white cotton, and the total chlorophyll content, sucrose synthetase and sucrose phosphate synthetase activity of colored cotton were lower than that of white cotton except for the boll opening stage. The net photosynthetic rate was positively correlated with the number of boll per plant and the weight of boll,and yield per plant. The chlorophyll contentwas positively correlated with boll weight and yield per plant.Sucrose phosphate synthetase activity was positively correlated with the weight of boll and yield per plant. The results of this study will provide a theoretical basis for the breeding of high-yield varieties of colored cotton.

For 12 kinds of brewing vinegar in four brands and different years which were purchased from market, the analysis of the changes in their six indexes were performed, which include total polyphenols, flavonoids, total oxidation value, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical(DPPH·), hydroxyl free radical (·OH) and superoxide anion (O2-·) clearance. And by analyzing correlation, doing principal component analysis,their antioxidant properties were evaluated. The results showed that with the aging time increasing, the clearance rate of three free radicals of Zhenjiang vinegar increased, Z10>Z6>Z3, whereas the content of total flavonoids, total polyphenols and total antioxidant capacity were Z10>Z3>Z6. Six indexes of Sichuan bran vinegar showed that 5 year old vinegar was better than 3 year old vinegar. The content of total flavonoids, total polyphenols and total antioxidant capacity in Shanxi aged vinegar were positively correlated with the aging time, O2-· and DPPH radical clearance showed S3>S10>S5, and ·OH clearance trend was S10>S3>S5. There was no obvious rule between the changes of 6 indexes and the aging time of single aged vinegar products. The content of total flavonoids, total polyphenols and total antioxidant capacity all presented D4>D8>D3>D5, O2-· and ·OH scavenging rates were D5>D4>D8>D3,and DPPH radical scavenging rates were D5>D8>D4>D3.Correlation analysis showed that the total polyphenols and total flavonoids in all products tested were significantly correlated. Principal component analysis showed that O2-· clearance and DPPH radical clearance had a highly positive correlation with component 2, ·OH clearance, total polyphenols and total flavonoids had a highly negative correlation with PC2, and all the above variables had a good positive correlation with PC1. This paper can provide theoretical basis and technical support for the study of antioxidant properties of brewing vinegar.