The 2D imaging in both the azimuth and the range directions of a 2D target is realized in our laboratory-scale synthetic aperture imaging ladar setup. It was reached that the scan strip of ≤10 mm and the resolution of about 1.2 mm×2 mm.

The 2D imaging in both the azimuth and the range directions of a point target is realized in our laboratory-scale synthetic aperture imaging ladar setup. The experimental results are identical with the predicted.

A down-scaled synthetic aperture imaging ladar (SAIL) is designed to simulate the condition of the far-field diffraction on the table of laboratory, and the techniques to monitor the qualifications of wavefront and heterodyne are developed, As a result, a target point is imaged along the azimuth direction with aperture synthesizing. The experimental results are identical with the theoretical predictions.

An optimized algorithm based on simulated annealing and genetic algorithm was provided for designing films of 3-skip-1 filters. Two antireflection layers were added to the exterior of the stack to deminish the ripple of passband. The optimized multilayer film meets the design demand of 3-skip-1 filter of 100 GHz.

The wavefront curvature sensor comprising a phase defocus grating is designed and fabricated. The influence of zero-order diffraction is prohibited, and the high diffractive efficiency of 49% for the ±1 diffraction orders is verified experimentally. Wavefront deformation is introduced by a phase plate. The initial wavefront measurement experiment is carried out. The Green function algorithm is used for wavefront reconstruction. The reconstructed wavefront is compared with the measurement result of the Veeco interferometer. It is verified that the measurement of the self-designed curvature sensor is correct, the error percent of peak-valley value (PV) is 10%, and the error percent of root mean square (RMS) is 2%.

Highorder harmonic continuum in the cutoff region is demonstrated with an argon gas cell driven by 7 fs/0.4 mJ ultrashort intense laser pulses. It is found that the spectral structure, modulation depth and continuum bandwidth vary greatly when the carrier envelope phase (CEP) of driving laser pulse is stabilized at different value. At some CEP value, a smooth continuous spectrum with modulation depth less than 17% and 10 eV continuum bandwidth is achieved, supporting a transformlimited single 500 as pulse in time domain.

A phase-locking fiber laser array with up to 60 W of coherent output power based on two large-core fiber is reported. The slope efficiency of the in-phase mode is 37%. For the two core space cases, the steady high-contrast interference strips are observed. When the whole system operates under high pump power level, no thermal effects for the spatial filter have been observed, which means that we can increase the coherent output power further by increasing the individual fiber laser power.

A continuous-wave (CW) fiber laser with 714 Watts output power has been obtained from 21 meters Chia-made Ytterbium-doped large-mode-area double-clad fiber. Two high-power collimated beam laser diodes (wavelenth 976 nm) with spatial filter and aspheric lens are used for pumping from the two ends of the fiber. A CW output power of 501 W is obtained under pump power of 760 W with backward pumping scheme. And the maximum output power of 714.5 W is realised under total pump power of 1137 W with double-sided end-pumping scheme, the optical-to-optial efficiency and the slope efficiency whicd respect to the launched pump power are 62.8% and 67%, respectively.

We demonstrate continuous-wave laser action in a Yb3+-doped lutetium Yttrium oxyorthosilicate (YbxLuyY1-x-y)2SiO5(YbLYSO) crystal (0.001≤x≤0.5, 0≤y≤0.8). In the free-running operation, we obtained an output power as high as 7.8 W centered about 1086 nm for a 2.5% output coupler, corresponding to a slope efficiency of 64%. Using a SF14 prism as an intracavity tuning element, the tunability of the YbLYSO laser in the spectral range of 1014～1091 nm has been achieved.

A contimuous-wave (CW) output has been obtained from a polycrystalline 8% mole ratio Yb∶Y2O3 ceramic disk laser with end-pumping and double-pass absorption cavity, which is end-pumped by a collimated high-power laser diode with the central wavelength located at 970 nm, at room temperature. The threshold pump power of the laser is 7 W, and under pump power of 35 W a CW output power of 10.5 W at 1078 nm is obtained, with optical-optical conversion efficiency of 30% and slope efficiency of 37.5%. There exists a rough linear rise for the output power with the pump power. The higher output power and efficiency can be expectable by adopting higher pump power, optimizing the cavity parameters and decreasing influence of thermal effect.

ZnO films are prepared by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), using carbon dioxide-hydrogen gas and diethylzinc gas as reactant sources. Carbon dioxide reacts with hydrogen in the plasma charmer to produce oxygen source. Crystallographic properties and surface morphology of the films are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results indicate that the wurtzite structure of ZnO thin films with a strong c-axis orientation is successfully deposited on Si substrate. AFM images show that the grains arrange regularly and roughness of the surface is very small. A type emission peak at 380 nm of ZnO is also observed from photoluminescence (PL) spectrum.

A highly efficient bright red electrophosphorescent device using bis(2-methyl-8-quinolinato)4-phenylphenolate aluminum (BAlq) as a hole and exciton blocker is reported. Maximum luminance and external quantum efficiency of the device are 10362 cd/m2 and 7.0% respectively. Commission Internationale de l′Eclairage (CIE) co-ordinates are (0.672, 0.321). In addition, the quantum efficiency is still as high as 4.3% at a current density of 100 mA/cm2. The device can satisfy the requirement of the red in the full color dynamic displays.

A variable optical attenuator (VOA) fabricated by micro mechanical technology is presented. Based on micro electromagnetic actuation, the attenuation level is adjusted by changing the radial offset between the input and output optical fiber. The structure parameter was determined through optics, mechanics and magnetic circuit analysis. The device was fabricated and packaged by micromachining technology. The packaged volume of the device is 20 mm×15 mm×8 mm. According to the experiment results, the insertion loss is less than 1 dB, the polarization relevant loss is less than 0.1 dB, dynamic range is larger than 35 dB and the driving voltage is less than 5 V. It promises to be a low cost, high performance passive device for all-optical-networks.

A method of realizing ultraviolet (UV) laser induced domain reverse in LiNbO3 crystals is investigated experimentally. With a certain external electric field, a sample of LiNbO3 crystal is illuminated by a UV laser beam of 365 nm wavelength. For the reason that the coercive field of the crystal is decreased by exposure of UV light, it is only the illuminated region whose domain is reversed. The results prove that this method can be used to realize the fabrication of periodically poled LiNbO3 crystals, and it will become an effective solution to smaller periods.

Infrared (IR) scintillation properties of Yb∶YAG crystals with different Yb3+ doping level were measured by using pulsed electron beam. At room temperature the light yield of Yb∶YAG crystal is high and decay time is long. The dependence of light yield and decay time on Yb3+ doped concentration and temperature were demonstrated, and concentration quenthing was observed. The scintillation properties of Yb∶YAG were still affected by crystal quality. These measurement results suggest that some Yb3+-doped crystals should be possible for application in medical imaging.

Soft X-ray zone plate is an important element which has the function of concentration, dispersion and imaging in soft X-ray optics. An Au condenser phase zone plate mask is fabricated using holography and ion beam etching process. Soft X-ray Ge and Ni condenser phase zone plates are fabricated by ion-beam etching technology on polyimide substrate and contact synchrotron radiation lithography with the mask.

Some experimental results and the principle of X-ray diffraction enhanced phase contrast imaging are presented. It demonstrates that X-ray diffraction enhanced phase contrast imaging is an approach with higher ratio of signal-to-noise than that of traditional X-ray radiography, the resolution can be up to 10 μm. It's a promising tool for the applications in researches on clinical, medicine and material sciences.

CW laser output is obtained using laser diode end-pumped polycrystalline transparent 10% Yb3+∶Y2O3 ceramic. The pump threshold is 5.6 W, the maximum output power of 5.48 W is obtained with the absorbed pump power 31.11 W, and the slope efficiency is as high as 25%. At the same time there is no saturation in laser experiment, so the higher power output of Yb3+∶Y2O3 ceramic can be obtained with laser diode of higher power. Therefore Yb3+∶Y2O3 ceramic is a potential laser material.

A mathematical model, which describes stability of imaging system, is provided. While objects consist of two kinds of brightness and have periodic structure, it is proved, that intensity of pixel on image sensor of unstable image system accords binomial distribution. So image statistical parameter can be applied to describe system velocity and image instability. In order to research the rule of image stabilization at different times, the standard deviation, which indicates discrete degree of data in statistics, is introduced as descriptive factor. Finally, the curve, which described transformation process of Pechan prism system, is given. The fluctuation of the curve is in accordance with the stability change of observed image. This conclusion proves the provided method is reasonable and effective.

Supercontinuum light with a spectrum covering visible range was generated in a photonic crystal fiber launched by the 25 fs laser pulse train from a Ti: sapphire laser oscillator at 800 nm wavelength. The fiber has a core diameter of ～1.8 μm and a length of 10 mm. By setting the laser energy at 2.5 nJ, it corresponds a peak power of about 0.1 MW, respectively, coupling efficiency of 17% was demonstrated.

An autocorrelator based on ZnSSe two-photon absorption (TPA) photodetectors is demonstrated. The autocorrelator has a broad spectral response range of 400～800 nm. By using a ZnMgS TPA photodetector which is more sensitive to UV laser, the autocorrelator′s response range can be extended further to the ultraviolet waveband.

Based on the numerical analysis of spatial different three-position-pumped situations, the research was carried out on the Yb-doped double-cladding fiber laser containing amplified spontaneous emission. The results show the different laser distribution and power characteristics for different three-position-pumped situations, even ignoring the reflection of the resonator to the pump light.

The low-loss broadband semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM) is firstly designed and manufactured in China. This SESAM has been used in self-starting mode-locked Ti:sapphire lasers.

With Cr 4+:YAG as the saturable absorber and xenon flash lamp as the pumping source, passively Q-switched quasi-three-level laser operation of Nd 3+:YAG at 0.946 μm is realized. Pulses with a width of 38 ns and an energy of 1.7 mJ are obtained.

A 40 Gb/s optical time division multiplexing (OTDM) system is presented and discussed. Frame structure of OTDM data stream is designed based on unequal amplitude coding methods. Gain-switched distributed-feedback laser (GS-DFB) and comb-like dispersion profiled fiber (CDPF) are employed to generate the ultra-short optical pulses; chirped fiber grating for dispersion compensation; electro-absorption modulator (EAM) for de-multiplexing the 40 Gbit/s data stream. The frame clock (10 GHz) is extracted from the data stream with high Q value electronic filter. After transmission over 122 km single mode fiber (SMF), bit error rate of the whole system is less than 10 -9.

In the phosphorescence lifetime measurements with pulse method, both the excitation light pulse parameters and initial time selected for intensity decay analysis are crucial to the accurate lifetime calculation. The relation between phosphorescence intensity decay and the parameters of the excitation light pulse is analyzed based on the linear time invariance. it is found that the phosphorescence intensity decay is independent on the parameters of the excitation light pulse after the excitation light vanishing. If the excitation light pulse vanishing moment is selected as the initial time, the accurate lifetime can be obtained. The experimental results from the Oxy-Phor R2 samples excited by different excitation light pulse have proved the above conclusion.

Optical properties of monolayer oxygen-doped Ge-Sb-Te thin films prepared by RF-sputtering method were studied in the region of 400 nm～800 nm, including refractive index, extinction coefficient, reflection and transmission spectra. The results indicated that larger reflectivity contrast can be achieved by appropriate doping of oxygen, thus the recording properties of the Ge-Sb-Te film material can be improved by the oxygen-doping.

A new type of green light sensitive photopolymer material is prepared. The photosensitive medium is composed of acrylamide monomer, photoinitiator, coinitiator and polymeric film forming binder. With holograms recorded in this material, the diffraction efficiency of the photopolymer as high as 55% is obtained. 10 holograms are stored in this medium using angular multiplexing technology and the SNR of the reconstruction images is high. It proves that the photopolymer is suitable for high density volume data storage.

In a dense Na vapor, the changes were observed in the Doppler broadened shape of the resonance fluorescence produced by the combined effect of the induced optical pumping and Na Na collisions. The observed narrowing of the fluorescence line shape was explained by a rate equation with "velocity change collision" effect.

The effect of a chirped pulse in the process of second harmonic generation is discussed. The chirp influences the irradiance and the pulse shape of the second harmonic wave with large phase mismatch. The phase distortions of all three waves are dependant strongly on the chirp than on the phase mismatch.

The polarity of light transmitted in polarization maintaining optical fibers of a confidential telecommunication system is dependent on artificial and environmental interfere to the fiber. The polarity may be taken as sensing parameter to detect in real time the wiretapping to the telecommunication. The threshold of wiretapping detecting is defined by the bend radius of the fiber, the typical value is 8.5 mm.

The calibration experiment of glancing incidence soft X ray planar mirror reflectivity is reported. The Beijing synchrotron radiation facility(BSRF) 3W1B beam line and target chamber with reflectometer was used. Under the specific operation mode of beam current 35 mA～110 mA, the storage ring electron energy 2 GeV, photon energies 50 eV～850 eV. 50 eV～850 eV energy region was divided into four energy sections. The calibration experiment for reflectivity of 5° grazing incidence Ni planar mirror was done. High sensitivity silicon photodiode without dead layer was used as detector replacing X ray diode during the calibration. Therefore,2 to 3 orders of magnitude of the signal noise ratio are increased, and the calibration region is expanded from 150 eV～270 eV to 50 eV～850 eV. The entire calibration curve for 5° Ni planar mirror reflectivity is given. The values of experiment and theoretical calculation are compared and analyzed.

The optical source of stable and wavelength tunable ultrashor pulse is the key technique for the future OTDM/WDM systems. In this paper, an experiment with 20 GHz injecting mode-locked fiber laser is reported. With a source of 10 GHz semiconductor diode laser, a stable injecting mode-locked fiber laser producing 12.4 ps pulses at a rate of 20 GHz with the tunable range of 16 nm is got.

The method of measuring new first-grade gauge block by phase-shift interferometry has been studied. Firstly, multi-frame interference patterns are captured by CCD, then the shape of the measured surface of the gauge and the assistant reference flat to be wrung are obtained by phase-shift arithmetic. In particular, the unwrapping wavefront principle and technology are studied when there are step and discontinuity in the gauge interference patterns. The discrete wave error is calculated, which is fitted to be a continuous and smooth surface. The measurement results of guage block length and dynamic argument are given.

The principle of localization of a small object in tissues using an amplitude cancellation phase modulation system (or phased-array system) is explained by an analytical model of the diffusion approximation. The effects of various factors on localization of the object using Phased-array system are discussed, which include the relative phase and the amplitude between two sources, the absorption coefficient and the size of absorbers. A localization method independent of the relative amplitudes and phase between two sources is presented. The principle of the method is explained and its feasibility is proved theoretically.

The high-resolution absorption spectra of real and simulated atmosphere were recorded by using an experimental system, which includes a tunable pulsed OPO, an 8 m base-length white cell with optical length of 1 km, and a time-division multiplexing detector system. The sensitivity is 0.5×10 -6 cm -1 and resolving power is 0.02 cm -1. The high-resolution absorption spectra of real atmosphere near 1.315 μm have been measured and compared with the simulated spectra according to HITRAN 96 database. The strong lines of water vapor molecule fit very well and the relative errors of molecular line intensity of the most strong lines are less than 10%.

BaTiO 3 crystal was precipitated in BaO TiO 2 SiO 2 based glass irradiated by femtosecond laser with 800 nm wavelength, 120 fs pulse duration and 200 kHz repetition. During the irradiation, the luminescense color of irradiated point can be changed from 800 nm wavelength characterized red color to blue color. Luminescence spectra and X-ray diffraction of the irradiated point illustrate the formation of double frequency BaTiO3 crystal in the glass.

In accordance with the built-up structure of the main amplifier in "SHENGGUANG Ⅱ" laser system, a new scheme of using angular variable mirror (AVM) to control unit amplifier gain for power balance is proposed. The gain change of double-pass amplifier caused by the AVM attenuation is analysed.

On the basis of configuration of side-polished poled fiber, a model of six-layer waveguide with double metal layers is put forwavd to describe the poled fiber and analyze the propagation characteristics of lightwave in the poled fibers. The analysis indicated that the lightwave propagating in the poled fiber has characteristics of polarization extinction due to the existence of metal electrodes deposited on the flat of the optical fiber. The main parameters of the device that affects the propagation characteristics of poled fiber are the distance between the core and polished flat, and the thickness of insulator adjacent to the anode.

A computer generated holography (CGH) wavefront transforming element is designed and fabricated based on computer generated hologram and binary optical technique,and is applied in head up display. Its diffraction efficiency is very high. The diffraction efficiency of a two phase CGH is four times higher than that of a general CGH. It can generate special optical wavefront, such as aspheric surface, ring shaped surface, cone shaped surface and so on,which the traditional optical elements can not generate. Moreover, the fabrication and duplication techniques of CGH are simple and convenient.

A widely tunable quasi phase matched optical parametric oscillator was demonstrated by using periodically poled LiNbO 3 (PPLN) with a multigrating structure. With a 1064 nm acousto optically Q switched Nd∶YVO 4 pump laser, a tunable IR output from 1.436 μm to 1.7 μm was obtained. The threshold was 10.3 μJ with pulses repetition rate of 10 kHz. The maximum average output power of signal is 42.5 mW with pump to signal conversion efficiency of 12.5%.

A statistical optimum design method suitable for wide waveband wavelength insensitive coupler (WINC) is proposed. Using the method, silica waveguides type 50% and 20% coupling ratio WINCs are designed with the optimization of the polarized light fluctuation. The design results are verified by the 3D BPM simulation, and show that the coupling ratios of (50±2.1)% (the polarized fluctuation <0.65%) and (20±1.4)% (the polarized fluctuation <0.20%) in a wide wavelength region of 1280 nm～1650 nm are realized, respectively.

The unified coupled mode formalism derived from Maxwell′s equation is employed to analyze the Bragg grating assisted optical fiber symmetric couplers. In the theoretical analysis, the coupling effects due to Bragg grating and coupler are both considered in the Bragg grating region, which is distinct from the previous published approaches. The simulating results verify that the theory can give more accurate explanation to various experimental phenomena.

Based on the interferometric demodulation technique, a fiber Bragg grating sensor system employing an unbalance wavelength scanning Michelson interferometer to transpose the strain related spectral signal into phase signal is reported. The strain can be recovered by measuring the phase change of the signal with a phase-meter. Experiment demonstrated that the sensing sensitivity of this system with a resolution of 5.5 nε is 1.80° /με. It basically matches the prospected value of 1.83° /με.

By using of effective medium theory, the reflective efficiency of two dimensional surface relief structure is computed and analysised in various conditions through computation of rigorous coupled wave method. Several curves are presented in various conditions. Effective medium index of that structure is computed when plane wave normalized on the structure. It is indicated that variation of orientation and polarization angle make less effect on reflectivity for both symmetric or asymmetric structure. The result giving characteristic of anti polarization and anti reflective is obtained. The bandwidth limitation is analysised and its magnitude is given. While, the effect of manufacture error of relief height on reflectivity is analysised. It has a certain instruction significance to the practical work.

Wavelength dependence of reflectivity at AR coating facets has been taken into account to study the wavelength tuning range of the external cavity semiconductor lasers. By applying the equivalent cavity method, an analytical expression for the threshold carrier density varied with wavelength has been derived. Analysis shows that the deviation between the wavelength of minimum reflectivity at the AR coated facets and that of the gain peak before AR coating is a key parameter to increase wavelength tuning range.

The influence of external optical injection on the threshold current of external cavity laser diode with fiber Bragg grating is investigated experimentally. In order to obtaining high extinction ratio and high conversion rate simultaneously, the injection current range is determined. The experimental results are analyzed by carrier depletion mechanism.

Heat absorption of high power laser windows is analysed and the heat equation of the window for practical working device and its solving condition are given. Physical state of the high power laser is simplified suitable for the pratical condition. Analytic solution of the heat equation is given. Then the thermal lens effect of high power laser windows is calculated considering the thermal changes of refractive index of the window material and linear expanding index, and the result is disscussed.

Laser induced collision energy transfer (LICET) for transition from Eu (6s6p) 8P 9/2 to Sr (5s10s) 1S 0 is observed at fluorescence 458.42 nm and with the peak transfer wavelength of 459.75 nm.The quasi static wing of LICET is observed and the dependence of the excitation function spectral on the temperature and the intensity of transfer laser is investigated. The experimental cross sections of LICEF is measured and the asymmetrical spectral line of LICET is confirmed.

The optical sensitive characteristic of SnO 2 and VO x thin films to the gas SO 2 is investigated with photometric and ellipsometric methods. It is found that thin films of the Pd doped SnO 2 and no dopant VO x have good optical sensitive characteristics to the gas SO 2 in the visible range, and the Zr doped SnO 2 film in the near infrared area. The results show that the change of the optical characteristic is directly related to the variation of optical gap and the concentration of free carrier in the thin films.

The dependence of the optical properties on the thickness of AgInSbTe phase change films is investigated. The reflectivity, absorptivity, thickness and optical constant of the films were measured. The change of the extinction coefficient and refractive index become significant when the film is very thin, and become larger at shorter wavelengths such as in blue and green region. These results are very useful in improving the accuracy of optical design and simulation of AgInSbTe phase change optical disks, as well as in the study of phase change optical disks at shorter wavelengths.

A novel bromoboron trinitro subphthalocyanine (BTN SubPc) thin film has been developed by vacuum evaporation for write once optical recording. The absorption and reflection properties of the sublimated BTN-SubPc thin film are pretty good at 500 nm～650 nm, which matches well with the wavelength of semiconductor laser used in digital versatile disk (DVD) systems. The optical recording performance of the BTN SubPc/Al multilayer shows that high reflectivity contrast (>30%) can be obtained at lower writing power (<10 mW) and shorter writing pulse width (300 ns) by using a He Ne laser (632.8 nm) irradiation. The results demonstrate that subphthalocyanine is a promising material for short wavelength optical recording, especially used as recording medium of DVD Recordable (DVD-R).

All optical bit clock extraction technology based on fiber cross phase modulation effects is illustrated and analysed. Intensity and pulsewidth of incident signal, the length of dispersion shift fiber (DSF) and walk off between incident and clock signal influenced the output clock intensively. The relations between them are discussed and the chirp character of clock signal is analysed.

The effect of signal pulse shape on the transmission performance is studied for an optical fiber communication system with cascaded in line optical phase sensitive amplifiers (PSA′s) having phase shifting between pumping and signal light. Computer simulation shows that at different phase shifting the eye pattern degradation of high speed signal increased rapidly with the accretion of fiber dispersion, and changed with signal pulse shape for given fiber dispersion. From the simulating results, it is known that signal pulse shape also affect the system performance. The system transmission performance of using super Gaussian pulse is superior to that of using Gaussian pulse, and super Gaussian pulse has an optimum pulse exponent for best transmission performance.

By introducing the temporal correction coefficient, which is defined as the ratio between the closed loop wavefront residual error and the open loop error induced by atmospheric turbulence, and the measured signal to noise ratio, the temporal correction effectiveness of adaptive optical system for light wave atmospheric propagation is studied. Its dependence on the power law exponent of the turbulence, the cut off frequency, the measured signal to noise ratio, the time delay and the closed loop bandwidth is analyzed. The optimal closed loop bandwidth is given. The temporal compensation effectiveness of 61 element weak light adaptive optical system is also analyzed.

Generalized coherent states of a non harmonic oscillator in a finite dimensional Hilbert space are constructed and some quantum statistical properties are studied. Their squeezing effect and antibunching effect are discussed in detail. The condition of squeezing is found, and the relation between antibunching effect and the dimensionality of the Hilbert space is shown by using numerical calculation. Theoretical calculation shows that the coherent states present squeezing effect and antibunching effect, and these quantum statistical properties are very different from those of usual generalized coherent states in infinity dimensional Hilbert space.

The squeezing of light in the system of two mode squeezed vacuum field interacting with a two level atom within and without the rotating wave approximation by means of quantum theory is studied. The numerical results indicate that the light field is squeezed periodically. Moreover, the squeezing of light field is restrained by the virtual-photon process and relates to the initial state parameters and the properties of the system.

The focusing properties of a red far detuning high power standing wave for a thermal atomic beam are studied through numerical simulation. The result shows that this type of standing wave is possible to be used for atom lithography. The FWHM of the line width deposited on the substrate at the focal plane of the thermal atomic beam is about 20 nm, the contrast is 4～5, with beam waist w 0=0.1 mm, power P=7 W respectively. A proposal of using enhanced cavity to increase the line contrast to 7 and decrease the FWHM of the line width to 5 nm～10 nm is put forward.

Impulsive stimulated Raman scattering (ISRS) was applied to some ferroelectric crystals to analyze the vibration of the crystal lattice in time domain. For significant phonon excitation to occur,the excitation pulse duration τ<2 π/ ω α. Using Ti∶Sapphire regenerative amplifier system as a light source, phono polariton oscillatory modes in LiTaO 3 could be observed. The method was applied to KH 2PO 4. Only relaxing was observed within 50 K from the ferroelectric phase transition point. The relaxation time constant τ 0 is 1.33×10 -13 s in the wave vector q=6848 cm -1 . It shows a relaxational character of the ferroelectric phase transition KH 2PO 4.

Anisotropic self diffraction in doped KNSBN crystals for the anisotropic experimental configuration is studied experimently and theoretically where the c axis is perpendicular to the incident plane. The set of coupled wave equations and its numerical solutions taking the first two order space charge field into account are presented. Both theoretical analysis and experimental results show that anisotropic self diffracted light originates from the contribution of both incident beams.

A quantum theoretical model for the system of degenerate three wave mixing has been established. The dynamical behavior and the features of the optical quantum non demolition (QND) measurement were studied by using nonlinear quantum optics. The results show that the efficient QND measurement can not be well performed at the operation of the nonlinear double resonances (NDR) but the nonlinear transformation of the bistability.

Based on the coupled mode theory, second harmonic generation (SHG) in the form of Cherenkov radiation from a channel waveguide has been investigated taking the propagation loss into account. The results show that the conversion efficiency has an exponential behaviour and a saturation characteristic, which differ from the linear behaviour in the case of omitting the propagation loss. The results play an important role in the design and fabrication of Cherenkov frequency doubler.

For an atom under the action of ω 2ω two color fields, the phase effects of ionization process in different ionization regimes are investigated. The dependence of ionization possibility on relative phase is found in tunneling regime being a shape of "∩", while in the over the barrier regime being a shape of "∪". Our results demonstrate the possibility of phase control of ionization process by using two color fields.

The whole nonlinear optical coefficients of GdCOB crystal are evaluated by phase matching SHG method and Maker fringe method. The spatial distribution of effective nonlinear coefficient d eff are proved with the crystals cut in different directions in the experiments. The results show that d eff reaches the maximum of 1.68 pm/V at the direction of θ=66.8°,φ=132.6°. The SHG conversion efficiency reaches 48% with a 6 mm long GdCOB crystal cut along this direction.

A novel high power self starting mode locked Ti∶sapphire laser with a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM) as self starting element is demonstrated. Its sloping efficiency is 22%, average power as high as 1.7 W and pulse width shorter than 16 fs. The starting dynamical process of the laser has been studied. This kind of laser will have a wide applications.

The photo bleaching processes in a nonlinear optical polymer film used poly (methyl methacrylate) based dispersive red one (DR1/PMMA) side chain at 488 nm argon ion laser radiation was investigated. The index change of DR1/PMMA film was measured by two beam scan technique. It provides a simple method to determinate the parameters in bleaching model describing the photo bleaching processes of polymer.

L625 Mie lidar and data processing for measuring stratospheric aerosol are described. The results show the good agreement with those of American NASA/SAGE Ⅱ satellite observation. Long-term variations of aerosol extinction coefficients and integrated backscatter coefficients in the stratosphere during the years of 1991～1998 are preliminarily analyzed.

Theoretic analysis and numerical computation on film attenuator of variable angle are studied. The attenuator is ready to be used in SHENGUANG Ⅱ precision project. The characteristics of precisionly continuous adjust, large optical aperture, high energy loading and high beam quality are demonstrated in simulation experiment. Other optical attenuators can not provide with these characteristics solely.

The main diffraction properties of a soft X ray optical component--multilayer gratings are deduced and discussed in detail on the basis of X ray kinematics. Results show that main energy of diffraction light can be concentrated in one order and resolving power and reflection of multilayer grating are higher. There is essential difference between the dispersive properties of multilayer gratings and multilayers.

On the basis of the effective medium theory (EMT), both one dimensional and two dimensional periodic structures of antireflection surface are investigated and anlyzed. The 2 D relief structure pattems for antireflection are designed and fabricated on silicon wafers by binary optical processing methods. This 2 D structure can be used as an alternative to thin film coatings to enhance transmission at the boundary between two different media.

The nonlinear optical characteristics in asymmetric coupled Zn 1-x Cd x Se/ZnSe quantum wells have been investigated by using the reflective second harmonic generation (SHG) measurement technique. The SHG signal from the sample was about ten fold bigger than that from the ZnSe substrate. The photoluminescence spectra of Zn 0.70 Cd 0.30 Se quantum wells and ZnSe substrate were measured. The dependence of the SHG intensity (p in/p out, p in/s out) in the asymmetric coupled quantum wells on the azimuthal angle were studied respectively, which demonstrated the obvious nonlinear optical anisotropy.

The enhanced effects of the collisional energy transfer between the highly excited sodium atoms and molecules and diffuse band radiation were experimentally investigated in the sodium vapours when the buffer gas was added in. A transient collisional model was used to describe the experimental result. The theoretical analysis was in agreement with the experimental result.

The operation principle of distributed fiber Raman gain amplifier is discussed. The light amplification was obtained at 1410 nm wavelength region by using a 1320 nm solid laser as pumping source and a 23 km single mode GI optical fiber. The relation between the gain of fiber Raman amplifier and the effective interaction length of optical fiber is studied. When the pump peak power is 50 W and 30 W, the effective interaction length is 15.5 km and 10.5 km. The relation between the gain of Raman amplifier and pump power at different effective interaction length of optical fiber is anlyzed. The spectrum width of Raman fiber amplifier is estimated to be 50 nm or 250 cm from the Raman backscattering spectrum of optical fiber.

The Eu 3+ probe technique is used to the analysis of borate-lead glasses system of (79 5-x)BO 3/2 -(20+x)PbF 2-0 5Eu 2O 3(x=0,10,20,30,40). The excitation spectra for several glasses are measured, the phonon side-band spectra and electron-phonon coupling constant are obtained. The multi-phonon non-radioactive transition probabilities are discussed. The emission spectra of Eu 3+ originated from 5D 0→ 7F 0, 7F 1, 7F 2 transitions under 362 nm excitation in this glass system and the optical transitions J-O parameter Ω 2 are obtained, the structure properties of borate-lead glasses are analysed.

Imaging biological tissues using sonoluminescence (SL) is a new research field developing in the latest two years. Sonoluminescence image of living body (nude mouse) was obtained by the high quantum efficiency imaging system. Fluoresceinyl Cypridina Luminescent Analog (FCLA), a chemiluminescent analytic agent, is used in vivo for the first time to enhance biological SL. An image of FCLA enhanced SL in vivo was observed too. This technique has potential application in clinics for imaging diagnosis.

An algorithm for road extraction from a remote sensing image is presented. It contains three steps: the road elements and the road segments are firstly extracted by using multiple local statistic characteristics of the image, and the road boundaries are extracted by using energy function. Structural information is described by using statistical analysis in detecting the road elements instead of using lines extracted, to enhance the algorithm’s robustness; the parameters of energy function are determined from the result of above calculation in detecting the road boundaries to make the algorithm’s self-adaptive ability.

The latest progress in the study of optical homogeneity and weak-absorption of large-sized sapphire crystal (φ113 mm×70 mm) is reported. The polishing precision of the whole crystal surface reaches 1.666λ, and the transfer wavefront distortion is 0.584λ. The transmission is higher than 80% at UV waveband and than 86% at VIS-NIR waveband. The weak-absorption coeffcient is 35×10-6 /cm～65×10-6 /cm.

By utilizing the axial response curve of fiber optical confocal scanning microscope, a new technique for measuring the micro position has been developed. Using this technique, the converse piezoelectric expend and contract of PZT with resolution as high as 5 nm was measured.

An in situ measurement technique-deformed specimen replication has been given. The recorded information on the deformed specimen grating can be extracted by using a typical four-beam moire interferometer. Typical fringe pattern of U-field and V-field displacement contours obtained from the test. The theoretical analysis and experimental result have proved that the technique with the advantages of real time moire interferometry is suitable for a wide range of applications.

A two-channel matched filter using computer-generated holograph is introduced. On the basis of CGH, it can encode two objects simultaneously by adding negative quadratic phase factor on the conjugate Fourier spectrum of one object and adding positive quadratic phase factor on the Fourier spectrum of the other. The experimental results, which are consistent with theory, are given.

A Gires-Tounois negative dispersion mirrors is designed and optimized. A mirror-dispersion controlled self-started femtosecond intercavity Ti∶sapphire laser is operated by using this mirror together with a semiconductor saturable-absorber mirror.

The fluorescence excitation and emission spectrum of electron trapping material Eu,Sm∶CaS at room temperature are investigated. The excitation spectrum consists of four emission bands, which are assigened to 4f6→4f55d transition of Eu2+ ion and fundamental absorption of CaS. The fluorescence emission spectrum excited at visible light consists of one strongest broaden emission band and two weakest narrow emission bands. While in the spectrum excited at ultraviolet light, not only the three emission bands but also seven stronger narrow emission bands are observed, which are assigned to 4f65d→4f7 transision of Eu2+, f→f transition of Sm3+, f→f transision of Eu3+ respectively. It is found that the fluorescence emission strength of Eu2+ ion is apparent stronger than that of Sm3+ as the activator concentrations are proper.

High power quasi CW diode laser pumped acoustic optically Q switched intracavity frequency doubled Nd:YAG and Nd:YVO 4 laser are demonstrated. Average power of 3.5 W and 3.2 W at 532 nm with a repetition rate of 22 kHz was generated respectively.

A novel tunable distributed Bragg reflection (DBR) laser using metal coated fiber Bragg grating as the external cavity was demonstrated. It realized single mode output with narrow line width and high side mode suppression ratio (SMSR). By tuning electrical current of the metal tube coating the fiber grating, wavelength switches among six wavelengths spanning 5 nm were achieved.

A rapid and accurate model used to study microscopic imaging through turbid medium is presented which combines traditional Monte Carlo with two dimensional point spread function (PSF). The research shows that the rapid model is much faster than a pure Monte Carlo method with the help of convolution operation, when it is used to simulate multi photon excitation (MPE) fluorescence scanning microscopic imaging through turbid medium. Besides, one run instance illustrates that higher transverse resolution can be obtained in imaging through turbid medium by MPE than by confocal fluorescence microscopy.

Fourier transform profilometry (FTP) is used for dynamic liquid surface shape measurement. A sequence of dynamic deformed fringe images can be grabbed by CCD camera and saved on disk rapidly. By Fourier transform, filtering, inverse Fourier transform and unwrapping these phase maps in 3 D phase space, the shape of a vortex at different times is obtained. The experimental results show that FTP can efficiently deal with the dynamic liquid surface shape measurement.

A novel cascaded fiber Raman laser operating at 3rd Stokes 1240 nm using fiber loop mirror is reported. The output power at 1240 nm is 300 mW and convert efficient is about 25%, however, the properties of fiber mirror and the parameters of Raman fiber are not optimized.

The effect of plasma density scale length on the conversion efficiency of high order harmonic generation in the interaction of intense laser and plasma was investigated via PIC (particle in cell) simulation. The conversion efficiency of high order harmonic generation produced by the interaction between p polarized, non relativistic laser pulse and over dense plasma with different density scale lengths was calculated. The plasma density scale length significantly affects the conversion efficiency and this effect is different for different harmonic order, different laser pulse duration and different plasma density.

Six novel pyrromethene BF 2 compounds, with peak absorption wavelength in the range of 517 nm～524 nm, were synthesized. The electronic absorption spectra were measured in their solution of absolute ethanol. Pumped with a frequency doubled pulsed Nd 3+ ∶YAG laser at 532 nm, they can lase more efficiently than rhodamine 6G and show wide tunability.

A novel and efficient method for chirping fiber grating is demonstrated. The fiber Bragg grating was attached slantwis on a side face of a flexible beam. When the beam is bending, a strain gradient formed along the grating produces a variable shift in the Bragg spacing, resulting in a chirp up to 11.32nm nearly without central wavelength shift.

The precise location from the perturbanced ring image is an important step for hemispherical imaging and tracking (HIT) system targeting object. Conventional method could not satisfy the HIT system tracking object in real time. According to the feature of geometric symmetry of a circle, a new method of resisting light perturbace is presented. The experimental results show that the measurement error might be no more than 1 pixel for perturbance free images. In the meantime, by the proposed method the measurement error might be no more than 5 pixels for perturbanced images.

A new method of big shearing digital speckle interferometry is presented. Grating is placed in image space of objective lens, and used as the shearing part. Light wave from reference object and measured object interfered at the image space. The principle of this method is discussed in detail based on Fourier optics, and plane displacement of typical specimen is measured which is a peripheral region fixed block board having symmetrical load. The results show that experimental value and theoretical value are fit well. Some applied example are given. Theory and experience are shown that this method not only have the high sensitivity of holographic interferometry (λ/4), but also have merit of low shockproof demand and in-site measurement.

The influence of core size, relative refractive index difference, stress and bending radius of silicon-based silica waveguides on polarization was analyzed. Conclusions were drawn as below: the birefringence of square waveguide with small relative index difference is small. The birefringence caused by residual stress is larger than that by core size. Small bending radius causes high birefringence and loss, so large bending radius is preferred within the permission of chip size to reduce birefringence.

The remote displacement measurement was realized utilizing laser Doppler effect. The Doppler shift of differential structure was analyzed theoretically. The displacement measurement system of double-beam differential acoustooptic modulating structure, large aperture collection of backward scattering light and real-time compensation of the losing signal by computer tracking software was designed. The displacement measurement of paper and metal at a distance of 10 meters was made with an accuracy of ±0.4%.

An improved method using white-light interferometry and optical fiber Michelson interferometer to measure group refractive index is introduced.The measurement process is simplified when sandwiched sample is used and contacted with detecting fiber surface.The collimating between sample and the detecting fiber can be adjusted according to the change of the bandwidth of the reflective peak.

An important property of apodized weak fiber Bragg grating ;FBG is demonstrated.It shows that if the reflection spectra R;Δβ of an apodized weak FBG is needed to be narrowed to ′1/n′,i.e.from R;Δβ to R;nΔβ,then the apodizing function g;z should be broadened ′n′ times,i.e.from g;z 0<z<L to g;z/n /n,0<z<nL.Two examples are given to validate this property.

The main points of design of 0.35 μm step-and-repeat projection lithography objective are introduced such as the determination of number aperture and structure model and the selection of material. The difficulties, novel design and a design result of lithography objective are discussed.

According to the equation which expressing the relation between the contrast of underwater image and the imaging range, and by changing the imaging rang experimentally, the figure of C-r for experimental data and the figure of C-r for theoretical calculation are compared and analysised.

A Nd:YVO4 laser at 1342 nm end-pumped by a high power linear-array fiber-coupled diode-laser is reported. An output power of 3.22 W at 1342 nm was obtained from x=0.7 of atomic fraction Nd-doped YVO4 laser with 13.30 W of incident pump power, corresponding to a slope efficiency of 25.5%. The output power fluctuation was less than 1%.

The equivalent Fresnel numbers of the regular polygon and slit are calculated by using the radius of inscribe circle and half-width of the slit as the feature length. The result can be obtained by incidence with uniform plane-wave.

Utilizing the cantilever beam mechanical tuning device developed by the authors both the center wavelength and the linear chirp of a 12 cm uniform fiber grating are tuned to compensate dispersion of 20 Gb/s transmission over 100 km standard single mode fiber. Experimental results show that the effect of dispersion compensation is favorable.

Sol-gel method was used to prepare SiO2-GeO2 films. The relative intensity of second-harmonic generation(SHG) signals of the thermally poled films and their relaxations were measured. By comparing the decay of second-harmonic generation of the films with different substrates and under different temperatures,it is shown than the stability of charge near the interface between the film and substrate is influenced by the bulk electric resistance of the substrate,and this charge character consequently influences the SHG stability of the film.

The experimental result of laser trapping of rubidium atoms is reported. The frequency of a diode laser is stabilized by means of saturated absorption spectroscopy. The linewidth of laser frequency is less than 1 MHz, and the offsetting of laser frequency can be controlled freely by using acousto-optical modulator. It satisfied the requirement of laser cooling and trapping of atoms.

The effect of hydrogen additive in the Ne buffer gas on the output characteristics of a large-bore copper vapor laser has been investigated. The output power and beam spatial characteristics are significantly improved by hydrogen additive.

A RF excited diffusively cooled carbon monoxide kilowatts laser is reported.In this laser,the top electrode was cooled with the tap water and the bottom electrode was cooled with the liquid nitrogen to maintain the slab waveguide gas discharge region at a low temperature.In the experiments,a slab waveguide region was excited by a RF transverse gas discharge at a frequency of 90 MHz,a new type of optical resonator consisting of a conventional unstable resonator and a flat feedback mirror was employed.The maximum laser power output of over 1 kilowatts was obtained with a gas composition of P(CO):P(He):P(Xe):P(O2) at a ratio of 24:71:4:1.

Nd:YCa4O(BO3)3,known as Nd:YCOB,is a new nonlinear multifunctional crystal.By using Datachrom-5000 dye-laser as a pumping source,a Nd:YCOB(8at%) self-frequency-doubling laser from 1.06 μm to 0.53 μm has been realized.The wavelength of the frequency-doubling laser is 530.2 nm,the lowest threshold energy is 2 mJ,the hightest conversion efficiency is 3.3%,and the highest green laser energy 1.03 mJ.The laser characteristics of Nd:YCOB self-frequency crystal are discussed.

The Focusing Tomography is presented to reconstruct the 3-D radiation in a luminous body. The 3-D luminous body could be considered as the combination of many 2-D parallel luminous sections. Focus on each section by only one camera, a group of images will be captured which is the overlapped image of one focused image and other defocused images. The irradiances of these images form governing equations. The irradiance distribution of different sections could be induced from above equations. In this experiment, several light emitting diodes are employed to simulate several luminous sections. Results show that this method can reconstruct the irradiance of each section.

The parameters in auroral system are calculated using an adaptive parametric time-domain approach. The adaptive algorithm, in which the system function is represented by a rational-form model, allows on-line real-time application. The data processing illustrates that the effective mean lifetime of O(1S) thus determined, resulted from the [OI32] transition of atomic oxygen, is in accordance very well with the one evaluated in frequency-domain.

The effects of the sampling aperture sizes on the phase conjugation correcting atmospheric turbulence along a horizontal path of 1000 m and 4 m above ground are reported. The results show that the corrected effects and peak energies are related to the sampling aperture sizes, and there is an optimum sampling aperture for a given system.

The conical refraction effect of biaxial crystal is studied deeply. Dynamic conic refraction of any conical angle within the range of 0～25° is obtained using KNbO 3 crystal with a single pin hole aperture. The principles of conical refractional scanning (CRS) and a novel laser CRS instrument are developed. Spatial CRS within modulated conical angle is realized.

Modulation instability in decreasing dispersion fibers (DDF) is investigated by means of theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. The gain spectrum of modulation instability is obtained as a function of axially-varying dispersion parameter. The results show that the gain spectrum of DDF is much broader than that of ordinary optical fibers. The broad gain bandwidth can be obtained by selecting the dispersion parameter of DDF. The numerical simulation also shows that fundamental soliton pulses with high repetition rate can be generated in this kind of fiber by modulation instability.

The phase error caused by leakage in a 3-D object measurement Fourier transform profilometry (FTP) method is discussed. Because the deformed fringe pattern captured by CCD camera is a function with limited extension in space, it must be extended to infinite space before discrete Fourier transform is computed. If the extended period is not integer times of the grating period, the smooth fringes can not be obtained through extending. When Fourier transform of the discontinuous fringe is calculated, phase error will occur, which is called leakage error. In this paper, the relationship between extended period and frequency leakage is analyzed, the calculation model of phase errors caused by leakage is proposed, quantitative analysis of phase error is presented. A fringe extrapolation method is put forward to decrease the leakage errors. Computer simulations and primary experiments have confirmed the analysis.

A new structure optical wavelength-selective switch based on fiber loop mirror and fiber Bragg grating is studied. The dynamic range of greater than 17 dB and insertion loss of 0.5 dB at wavelength-selective port were obtained. The measured spectra and numerical simulation indicate that the imperfect of the device can be attributed to the definite difference between the two arms, which was about 1.35 mm. Devices with better characteristics can be developed by decreasing the difference.

Soft X rays of “water window” waveband is very beneficial to the study of hydrated biological materials. The theoretical basis, experimental setup, experimental results and its significance of the soft X ray microimaging in helium environment are described. The study is made at Soft X ray Microscopy Station, NSRL.

A green thin film electroluminescent device using ceramic thick film as insulating layer has been manufactured. The transparent layer is ZnO doped with Al made by sputtering and the luminescent layer is ZnS:Er, Cl made by electron beam evaporation method. The dependence of brightness on voltage was measured as well as the dependence of efficiency on voltage.

A simple and practicable method was adopted to image the biological samples, plant leaf epidermal cells after being fixed, using soft X-rays in a vacuum environment. The micrographs of their cells were acquired in the experiment. Compared with the image method in air, this method has some advantages such as exposure time decreasing and operation safe.

Transparent glass-ceramics doped by Cr3+ was prepared by the process of phase separation and the raw materials of analytical reagents in the system of B2O3-Al2O3-SiO2. The absorption and emission spectra of glass and glass-ceramics were measured respectively. The spectroscopic characteristics were studied.

The techniques of fabricating low loss optical organic polymer waveguides are demonstrated. A new methodCCD camera photographing methodis applied to detect the propagation loss in the waveguide. The samples with propagation losses less than 0.5 dB/cm at 632.8 nm are fabricated experimently.

Based on the linear relationship between the logarithm of the central peak energy and k2⊥ in light scattering, a method for the measurement of surface roughness by changing the wave vectors is proposed. Experimental measurements of 6 samples of silicon backsides were conducted

Two modes polarization-controlled photorefractive switches are proposed. Analytical equation of the diffraction efficiency ratio on readout with extraordinarily polarized and ordinarily polarized beams is deduced. It is demonstrated that the diffraction efficiency of the photorefractive hologram is relevant to the polarization of the readout beams, and this diffraction efficiency ratio can range from 80%～90%, this property can be used to implement the switches.

The stimulated emission properties of a new synthesized polymer dye were reported

The problems in application of the optimum end-fire coupling techniques such as system loss determination and optical path adjustment are discussed. By using the determination method with standard, visible light assistant and optical-electrical detection for adjusting the whole reflection mirror, the satisfactory results are obtained.

The principle and configuration of the cylindrical lens array (CLA) line focus system are described. The causes of damage of aspherical lens in aspherical lens in the concave CLA are analyzed. The design principle and performances of the CLA and its operation are introduced.

A Novel fabrication technique of long-period fiber gratings is proposed, which are fabricated with periodic modulation of the refractive index of the core by heating and tapering fiber with carved periodic V-grooves. The experimental results are presented, and their fundamental principle is analysed. The most common use of the long-period fiber gratings is as a broadband rejection filter for WDM systems.

A large size self-sustained film with considerable thickness ranging from 30 μm to 500 μm was prepared through sol-gel method by adopting dimethyldiethoxysilane/tetraethoxysilane composite material as precursors. The film exhibits satisfactory plasticity and film forming capability as well. AFM (Atomic Force Microscope) investigation of the film surface showes a mean roughness of 0.3 nm. Gas chromatogram/mass spectrum analysis indicates that a large amount of ［(CH3)2Si-O］n molecules were formed during the hydrolysis and condensation processes. These molecules act as space filler within the gel network. Such filler not only leads to the structural flexibility and plasticity of the film, but also inducess the substantial decrease of the capillary forces and shrinkage in the film.

The refractive index, absorption index and absorption spectra on a cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) thin film are theoretically calculated. The theoretical resultis is in a good accordance with the measured data. The theoretical formulas about optical absorption and dispersion changing with frequency in dielectric are analized.

Employing computer to control optical scanners and lock-in amplifier to modulate gain and shift phase, a fluorescence phase-sensitive imaging system has been investigated for ruby and Ti-sapphire experimentally. The images with phase shift of π/12, π/4, and 7π/12 were obtained. The time resolution and the space resolution, as well as the practicality, of the system are analyzed.

A method for dealing with a kind of elliptical Gaussian beam which has simple astigmatic character is discussed, and two across cylindrical lens are used to imitate a spherical biaxial lens on transforming the beam from a semiconductor laser. A fairly perfect result is obtained that elliptical Gaussian beam is transformed into an approximately similar circular Gaussian beam.

A new experiment was carried out for studying the interaction of high intensity laser with microcapillaries by using an ultra-short high intensity laser with 45 fs pulse width. X-ray spectra of stainless steel microcapillary and glass microcapillary are obtained successfully. An X-ray source with good direction and 10 Hz repetition rate is created.

Two kinks of the slowing down in the optical tristability systems are studied. One is the critical slowing down at the edges of tristable region and the bifurcation, and their critical exponent is calculated; the other is the slowing down far from the critical point, which is concerned with the unstable steady points. The results show universal properties.

The Eu3+-containing polymer ternary complex was synthesized. And it was used as the emitting layer of the organic electroluminesence (OEL) device successfully. The red light of Eu3+ from the electrominesence (EL) device was seen at 16 V. A considerable difference between the EL and photoluminesence (PL) spectra was observed. It was noticed that two spectra were very different. In PL spectrum the main peak was at 618 nm. But for the OEL spectrum, there are two peaks at 595 nm and 657 nm. The probable mechanism was discussed.

The testing of spectral responsivity of semiconductor photo detector is discussed. A device used for testing spectral responsivity with wavelength ranged from 0.4～1.1 μm is developed. It can be used to test relative spectral responsivity, absolute spectral responsivity and quantum efficiency, and the effect of instability of source can be eliminated. The testing results are compared.

The initial coating design in the coating optimization is discussed, especially, the initial design in Needle method and an amelioration of Needle method is presented. It begins from the same thickness of single layer to work out the optimum design in the way of automatically revising the initial thickness by controlling the value of the merit function.

By using KTP crystal as intracavity frequency doubling generator of a mode-locked Nd:YAP laser, efficient SHG in colliding pulse mode-locked (CPM) unstable resonator with antiresonant ring (ARR) and confocal unstable resonator has been demonstrated. The energy conversion efficiencies are 53.4% and 60.2%, pulse durations in fundamental wave are 8 ps and 18 ps, and the maximum energy fluctuation in second harmonic wave are 10.6% and 12.5%, respectively. The characteristics in both resonators and their experimental results are theoretically analyzed.

The characterization of femtosecond optical pulses for Ti:sapphire laser output is conducted with two photon induced transitions in blue light emitting diodes. Excellent phase relationship between the two separated pulses are recorded from the fringes of the two photon induced, second order correlation function. It is demonstrated that the two-photon induced current can greatly simplify the femtosecond pulse characterization by direct converting the photon signal to current signal.

The properties of SrS(Eu, Sm) electron-trapping thin film grown by elctron beam evaporation are studied. The X-ray diffraction pattern, microstructure measuered by atomic force microscopy, optical spectra and the stored image are presented. The results show that the electron-trapping thin film has good optical properties and can be used in optical storage and information processing.

A general method for the design of a two-dimensional concave grating with stigmatic points is presented. The construction of gratings with three stigmatic points is given. The image quality versus the dispersion and the grating width are analyzed in detail.

The phase retardation expression of ordinary and the extraordinary light in birefringence crystal is discussed.The common used expression is expanded a suitable fitting expression and the relations between its coefficient and the birefringence index are obtained. The use of the fitting expression is given. It can be a principle for designing liquid crystal and the pretilt angle tester using the method of crystal rotation.

We present a novel method for phase correction by using binary optical elements (BOEs). This method considerably simplifies the structure of the system and decreases its size and weight. This is a typical application of binary optics in modern optical system. In the phased array system, we use binary phase corrector to correct the residual wavefront aberrations. The BOE has eight steps. The experimental result shows that this element decteased the wavefront aberrations to half of the original value.

Cavity length shift is the main reason that causes the instability of an actively mode-locked fiber ring laser. We derived the relation between the phase noise of output pulses and the cavity length shift. By suppressing the phase noise, we made the actively mode-locked fiber ring laser operation stably for more than 8 hours.

The electronic and magnetic field in a grating is a Hamiltonian system. Its conserved quantities are used to get the relation between the dispersion and the reflective coefficient. This is helpful for the analysis of spectral characteristics of the gratings.

Some experimental results on Er 3+ doped fiber laser pumped by a 971 nm semiconductor laser are reported. A fiber laser with all fiber dispersive cavity formed by a fiber loop reflector and a fiber grating is proposed and successfully demonstrated. Laser output with linewidth narrower than 0.05 nm at 1.55 μm waveband is obtained.

A novel distributed interference fiber optic sensor system for long distance measurement is proposed based on Machelson interferometer using a modulated laser (Frequency modulated continuous wave). By incorporating an optical loop with a frequency shifter in the reference optical path of Machelson interferometer, the measurement range of the sensor system has been increased 4 times and reached 48 meters.

Electron electron correlation is more significant in negative ions than neutral atoms, often dominating the atomic structure of the ion and the cross section for interaction with an extrenal field. The negative carbon ion (2s 22p 3) and (2s 12p 4) levels, wavelength, radiative lifetime and photodetachment are discussed. The double states (1s 22s 12p 4) of negative carbon ion are more steady than its quartet states. The wavelength between (2s 22p 3) and (2s 12p 4) is located near XUV and 6 strong wavelengths are given. It can offer material for X ray laser.

Based on the Frantz Nodvik equation and Huygens Fresnel diffraction integral, an successive iteration method has been presented to solve the inverse problem of a multipass laser amplifier system containing a spatial filter. Numerical caculations have been performed. The numerical calculatior method and results obtained can be used to design high power multipass laser amplifiers.

An efficient method to write long period fiber grating using a micro lens array is reported. It is possible to using several hundred excimer laser pulses to write a long period grating by using this method.

Dispersion compensation experimental result on 103 km long standard fiber link is presented. The chirped fiber Bragg grating used in our experiment is obtained by chirping a 10 cm long uniform grating into a chirped one.

The propagation of diffuse reflection light of an extended object is numerically simulated. It is shown that propagation and imaging of the paraxial diffuse reflecting light near optical axis of the receiving telescope can be calculated by the paraxial scalar wave equation and phase screen algorithm. The turbulent effects on the image propagation are calculated and discussed.

The interference pattern between a screw wave and a plane wave is investigated and the diffraction gratings were synthesized with the aid of a computer. Using the synthesized gratings with different orders, hollow beam of different sizes is obtained.

By means of two photon resonant three photon ionization spectroscopic technique, ionization spectrum of X 1Σ + g→2 1Π g of the sodium dimer in range of ( 16574.5～16590.5 ) cm -1 was detected and its three resonant ionization features were identified. With the measurement of ion current decay curves of the three features, dynamic parameters of them were obtained.

The observation of increasing absorption nonlinearity and bistability without cavity in Er doped fiber is reported. The operation power is low (submillilatts). The mechanism of Er doped fiber in creasing absortion optical bistability is analysed.

With 45 fs 2 TW Ti:sapphire laser system, the effects of laser intensity and gas density on the high order harmonic generation were studied. The highest order harmonic up to the 25 th(31.4 nm) in argon was observed.

For recording the far field of 1.06 μm wavelength laser beam with an array camera, and using film to record the array spot diameter, it is difficult to read the spots diameter exactly and also affected by the developing condition. However, there are no such problems if the ultraviolet oscilloscope (UO) paper is used instead of the film. Using the UO paper to record the array spot diameter, the measured beam divergence (at 70% energy) fluctuation is less than 10%, and the energy (at mean divergence) fluctuation is within 5%.

New CCD refracting objective of a short tube length with a long working distance on microscope is suggested and analyzed in detail. Data and results of optical design on this objective are given.

An experimental method for the high resolution investigation of external field effects of Rydberg atoms is proposed. From the preliminary results of Rydberg Cs atoms in various external fields obtained by this method, the potential of the method for the external field effect studies of Rydberg atoms has been demonstrated.

Based on an exact solution of nonlinear coupled wave differential equations for photorefractive media, a conservative quantity which plays an important role in the process of deriving the exact solution is discussed. By elementary transformantions, several approximate expressions for intensity of the phase conjugate wave under different special conditions are obtained. As compared with other approximation methods reported, this approximation method is no need of establishing and finding solutions of reduced differential equations, therefore it is characterized by general suitability and simplicity.

The relationship of the Raman scattering signal intensity on the CdTe crystal surface and the exciting laser power was studied using the Fourier transform Raman scattering technique. The experiment results are analysed and interpreted.

The experimental results of the wavelength conversion by employing a light injection DBR laser diode at 2.5 Gb/s are presented, which can be used in optical communications.

X-ray Gabor in line holograms of wire-like object is recorded in photoresist. After enlarged to film by microscope and digitized by scanning microdensitometer, the holograms are reconstructed by using numerical methods, and the origin objects can be clearly observed in the image plane. The 3.2 nm soft X rays used in experiments are the bending magnet radiation of a 800 MeV electron storage ring and have been monochromatized by linear monochromator. The estimated resolution of the reconstructed images are better than 2 micrometers and remains to be improved in the future.

Dimond film was cut by a Nd:YAG laser and the ablation rate and characteristics were studied. An ideal condition of ablation for dimaond film was discussed.

The performance of low-threshold and high-efficiency Nd:S-FAP laser at 1.328 μm has been realized by using xenon flash lamp and tunable dye-laser (570～600 nm) pump respectively. The centre wavelength of frequeney-doubling laser is 664 nm and the linewidth is 1.3 nm. When the transmission of output reflector is 7%，for xenon flame pump the threshold energy is 240 mJ and the slope effeieney is 0.85%, while for tunable dye-laser pump, the threshold energy is 4.5 mJ and the slope efficiency is 38%. The laser characteristics, such as the emission spectrum, the polarization, the devergenee angle and the output energy in different cavity length were given.

A new technique of fringe analysis is proposed to measure the 3-D objest shape. A grating pattern is projected onto an object，and the grating pattern deforms in accordance with the 3一object shape. T his deformed grating image is analyzed by means of subfringe integration algorithm·T he phase distribution and profile of the object shape are given.

Based on the principles of radiometry and consideration of receiving size of the detector, the method now being used to calculate narcissus induced temperature difference is corrected. It can be used to evaluate the narcissus effects during optical design process and also to provide narcissus criteria for thermal imaging systems.

A kind of compact and effective femtosecond pulse stretcher are designed reasonablely based on the Kirchhoff Fresnel integral. Not only a high stretching rate has been obtained, but also the spatial characteristics of the light beam through the stretcher has been reconstructed.

A 1D soliton solution for laser pulse and wake field of intense lase plasma interaction is given in the condition of weak relativistic. The thin plasma is assumed being homogeneous.

Fabrication of LiNbO 3 crystal waveguides implanted by He + ions is reported in this paper. The effective refractive index of the guided modes were measured before and after annealing. The refractive index profiles were calculated and proved to be in agreement with the damage profile and range profile.

Measurements have been made of He Ne laser transmission through suspensions of SiO 2 in silicone oil. When electrostatic fields were applied paralled to the laser path, transmission could be adjusted through selecting proper electrostatic field and suspension concentration. While electrostatic fields were applied perpendicular to the laser path, transmission declined quikly and then recovered slow, but no initial decline was observed for high concentration suspensions.

In this paper, the five aperture shearing camera used for measuring second order derivatives of objects is presented. The pure second order derivatives of objects can be obtained by using the double whole field filtering technique.

The design of architecture energy conserving coatings with the metal double layers and the tripe layers is presented. A detailed discussion involves the design parameters as well as the transmittance and the reflectance properties. Uniformity of thicknesses of large area coatings is simulated by a computer and optimized distribution of evaporation sources is given. Experiments show that acceptable uniformity can be reached by using computer simulated distribution of evaporation sources. The measured spectral properties of such coating are presented.

A CW Nd3+:YAG laser of single frequency and single mode at 1.3188 μm is diveloped. The laser threshold, direction, stability, laser spectra and laser output power are measured. The results were analysised by optical theory.

This paper deals with a optical method of edge enhancement of the binary image using the step filter. Properly shifting the filter on the frequency region can improve the contrast and the contour acuity of the output image. It is profitable for edge detection.

In the paper, the method for fabrication of diffractive microlens array using laser direct lithography system and reactive etching machine is described. The diffractive efficiency and the fabricating errors are analyzed. The microlens array has been used in a minature Shack Hartmann wavefront sensor.

Self-starting, stable ultrashort-pulsed Ti:sapphire laser with low pump power was demonstrated without additional materials or slit. The laser produced stable pulses of24. 6 fs. A bandwidth of 53 nm was observed which would correspond sub- 13 fsaccording ideal value of 0. 315 for time-bandwidth product.

A Ti:Sapphire laser purnped bulk Nd3+ doped tellurite glass laser operating at 1066 nm is demonstrated. The lasing threshold of 4. 20 mJ and slope efficiency outputenergy versus-pump energy of 14. 7 % were observed.

The mode cutoff equation of the multiple quantum well optical waveguidescomposed of two materials is derived. The cutoff characteristic of the strained Ge.Si1-x/Simultiple quantum well optical waveguides grown on Si substrate is analyzed.

When a suspension of dye with strongly scattering media is excited, the emission exhibits a property of norrow spectral bandwidth. This effect depends on the gain length in the suspension. The multiple elastic scattering of photon can effectively enhance the gain length.

Optical CC-banyan network has been implemented by using polarizing beam splitters and 1-D phase spatial light modulators, and the routing control between any input-output pair is given. Its corresponding energy loss and crosstulk are low, and its channel density is high. It is compact in structure and effective in performance.

The aberration of a resonator for self-mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser is studied. The influence of the coma to the X-shape and Z-shaPe cavity is analyzed. The advantage of the X-shape cavity is indicated in comperison with Z-shape cavity. As short as 19 fs pulses have been obtained from this laser with average power of 320 mW and bandwidth of 42 nm at center wavelength of 784 nm.

Energy transfer effect between molecules adsorbed on rough silver surface has been studied by means of fluorescence spectroscopy. Enanced acceptor fluorescence and quenched donor fluorescence have been observed experimentally. On the basis of surface local electromagnetic theory, it is found that the non- radiative energy transfer rate between molecules adsorbed on silver surface is enhanced by two orders of magnitude when the molecular frequencies lie on the vicinity of resonance frequency of surface plasma. The results provide evidence for surface-enhanced energy transfer effect between molecules.

A new type of packed slab waveguide CO2 laser is demostrated, with which over 1 kilowatt power output is obtained from an only 500 mm electrode length device. This technique is possible to obtain multikilowatts power output compact CO2 lasers.

Direct writing of fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) by an excimer laser using phase mask copy method is reported. FBGs written in B Ge co doped single mode silica fibers with Bragg wavelength of 1541.80 nm, bandpass of 0.2 nm and central reflectivity of 95% have been observed.

The absorption spectrum of a new crystal Nd:S FAP was measured and a broad effective absorption band and two strong absorption pesks at 575 nm and 804.5 nm were observed. By using a Xeon flash lamp pumping, laser operation has been demonstrated at 1.059 μm with threshold energy of only 150 mJ, slope efficiency of 1.25% and a peak power of 10 MW/cm 2. The emission spectrum, output energy and pulse width were presented. The prospect of Nd:S FAP crystal for low threshold and high efficiency miniature laser was discussed.

Properties of an optical quality circular metallic hollow waveguide are discussed and the technique for fabricating such a waveguide is decribed. The waveguide with gold or silver as the waveguide cladding material exhibits the characteristics of low propagation loss, transmission insensative to waveguide bending and misalignment, and capability of transmitting high power light from visible to far infrared. It is demonstrated that transmission of He Ne laser is independent of the refractive index of the liquid filled into a gold hollow waveguide, and this characteristic greatly extends the nonlinear waveguide applications. The mechanism for a “hollow fiber” in the 10.6 μm spectral region is discussed and results of propagation of CO2 laser through a gold hollow waveguide are presented.

A kind of distributed feedback (DFB) diode laser module was developed for the use of Amplitude Modulation Cable Television (AMCATV) transmitter. The module is an InGaAsP/InP Double Channeled Planar Buried Heterostructure Distributed Feed Back (DC PBH DFB) diode laser emitting at 1.3 μm in butterfly peckage with an internal isolator. The modules provide CW linear output power of 2.5 mW and low distortion.

Bragg grating was photoimprinted on the core of hydrogen loaded commercialized communication fibers using 193 nm ArF excimer laser and silica phase mask. The obtained fiber grating has a reflectivity greater than 90%, and a FWHM bandwidth less than 0.6 nm.

The Franz-Keldysh shift of the wavelength of peak response of (HgCd) Te detectors has been investigated experimentally. Our experimental measurements show that the Franz-Keldysh effect does have significant strength in (HgCd)Te and may lead to a considerable shift of the optical absorption edge toward the longer wavelength in a strong electric field.

We have obtained the population of the highly excited Rydberg states of sodium atom by two-step excitation using tunable lasers. The field- ionization thresholds for excitation states were measured by using a pulse electric field, which applied to interaction region after the laser excitation. Lifetimes for ns (n=20～24) and nd (n=19～23) states were measured by delaying field-ionization, and compared with the calculation values. The influence of some factors on lifetime is discussed.

The interface potential of WO3 film and lMLiClO4- PC solution and its measurement are discussed. Three kinds of WO3 films with different electrochromism proPerties were made, and their variation of the interface potentials were measured as a function of the number of Li + ions injected into WO3 film. It is found that the limited maximum number of injected Li+ ions is predicable through the variation trendaney of interface potential. The best deposition parameters of thermal evaporation for electrochromic WO3 film are obtained.

Using a code programmed based on the Fortran, spectrum images can be reproduced on the computer screen with artificial colored and multi level grey methods. Processing functions of screen cursor location, instant read out of spectrum data and image rotation were realized. In addition, the contour and 3D graph deduced from the image can also be produced. This code can greatly improve the efficiency and precision in film image data processing.

In general case a Gaussian Schell model (GSM) beam passing through ABCD optical systems is represented by the superposition of coherent modes.

A ultralow speed measurement system and the experimental results are reported. Its optical system is a four beam two focus differential laser Doppler velocimetry system (LDV) and the signal processing system uses a dynamic phasemeter. The measurement range can be from 1 nm/s to 300 mm/s.

Porous silicon/laser dye composite was obtained by efficiently inserting laser dye into porous silicon. The composite shows luminescent property of both the porous silicon and the laser dye when inserting trace dye. Increasing the insert of dye molecules, luminescence of the composite increases, the rise time becomes faster, the pulse width of the luminescence narrows, and the composite shows mainly the luminescent property of laser dye. The luminescence peak position of the composite shifts clearly to the blue compared to that of the same dye in alcohol solution.

Characteristics of phase modulation of a nematic liquid crystal is studied. A new phase shifting shearing ESPI system which uses parallel aligned liquid crystal as a phase modulator is deceloped. This method lincreases the mearsuring accuracy of shearing ESPI by combining phase shifting technology with shearing ESPI. The phase modulation is simple. The correlation fringe method is used for phase calculation. Satisfactory results are acquired in the experiments on deformation measurement.

The RF excited packed waveguide CO2 laser have been studied experimentally. When the dimensions of two packed waveguides both are 1×14.5×200 mm3, the maximum output power of 75 W and the maximum efficiency of 10.8% are obtain. This simple structure laser has a single peak beam output at the far field.

The heat transfer coefficient of architectural window with energy efficient coatings is an important parameter which reflects the performance of energy efficient coatings. In this paper, a method is put forword for calculating and measuring the heat transfer coefficient of architectural windows. Some of measured results are presented. it is found that optical coatings can greatly improve the energy efficiency of windows.

An external cavity mode locked multiple quantum well diode laser is reported. Its pulsewidth is 2～5 ps, wavelength tuning range is 1.52～1.57 μm, mode locking frequency is 0.5～1.0 GHz, and average output power is 1 mW. This kind of diode lasers can be used as the light source of optical communication.

For studing the plasma boring effect occurring in the ICF fast ignition scheme, a simple pistol model is presented to study the plasma compression and shock generation by ultra intense lasers. Scaling laws are derived for parameters characterizing the process.

Optical limiting of C60 /PMMA is studied by using 21 ps laser pulse at 532 nm, and the three level model is used for simulation. The results show that the optical limiting is caused by the singlet excited state absorption.

Using two equal intensity beams of 0 and 1st diffracted order through a planar slanted fringe volume holographic grating; one can implement the straight forward link line and the other can implement the crossover link line in the butterfly interconnection network. The grating was fabricated on the red sensitive photopolymer plate, and its design principle and fabricating method are given in this paper.

The spectral distribution of the Hefei synchrotron radiation was determined in 200～350 nm, by comparison with the D2-lamp with MgF2 windows, which is a radiometric transfer standard source of NPL. Within experiments error, a good agreement was found between experimental results and value predicted by the theory of synchrotron radiation derived by Schwinger. The difference between experimental and thoretical data is less than 6% at 200 nm and 1.5% and 240 nm.

The nonlinear optical properties of a soluble and π electron conjugated organic polymer: poly (2,5-dialkoxyphenylene) (abbreviation called PPP) were studied by degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) at 532 nm and 1064 nm. The third-order nonlinear optical coefficient and nonlinear refractive were measured, and the figure of merit is discussed to point out the suuitable wavelength for PPP practical application.

Large-area, free-standing X-ray diffraction gratings are of great importance in X-ray optics. Experimental tests on the large-area, free-standing transmission gratings made by Hefei National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory manifest their success in manufacturing. This kind of gratings can be used for X- ray meaurements and applications in various fields from laboratory X-ray sources to astronomy.

The phase- shift technique is adopted to the conventional shadow moire topography to improve the measuring sensitivity and compunctional processing. The generation and error of phase-shift and experimental results are presented.

This paper discusses the rotating cone-glass shearing camera used for dynamic measurement of slope and curvature. The whole process of slope and curvature can be recorded on a single specklegram.

As short as 19 fs pulses are generated from a self mode-locked Ti: sapphire laser which consistS of a Ti: sapphire rod of 5 mm long, two quartz prisms and a Xcavity configuration. The intracavity third-order dispersion is compensated properly and the shorter pulses are thus generated favorably.

Soft x-ray condenser zone plates with three kinds of parameters are fabricated by holograph-ion beam etching technique. Zone plate condensers are used in our soft xray microscopy experiments which act in combination with a pinhole as a linear monochromator.

In this paper the properties of Faraday anomalousdispersion optical filter at the g Fraunhofer line(422.7 nm) are calculated and discussed.

A transmittance curve fitting method was used to determine the IR refractive index, absorption coeffecient, thickness and surface roughness of diamond-like films. A mathematical model to calculate the transmittance function of diamond-like films on silicon substrate is introduced. The experimental measurement and curve fitting results are given.

In this paper we for the first time report the double phase conjugation in Ce:KNSBN crystal. It was also observed that the self-pumped phase conjugation and fourwave mixing have been produced with the same double phase conjugate configuration.

A new model of the injected current spreading in the active layer for LD arrayis presented in this paper. Regarding the electric field distribution in the lating region as asynthetical result of each unit, we also showed and explained the experimental result byusing Continuous Wave Electro-optic Probing (CWEOP) method to detect the electricfield distribution in the active layer of LD array.

A new method of automatitally reconstructing the 3-D surface of an objectfrom the deformed grating pettern is proposed. The method can automatically andaccurately obtain phase value at every pixel point without assigning fringe orders by usinga discrete cosine transform algorithm. It is flee from the errors caused by the higherharmonic components and the variation of light level. Theoretical analysis andexperimental verification are presented.

The frequence up-conversion effect, the absorption spectra of Er:LiNbO3 crystal and the lifetime of the 4S state as well as its temperature dependence arereported for the first time in this paper. The up-conversion mechanism and the possibilityof laser action of the crystal are discussed.

A novel non-contact fiber optic accelerometer is presented. The velocity of a moving target is sampled at different times by two beams originating from the same laser but with different feed path lengths. The acceleration of the target is measured by heterodyning the two Doppler shifted return beams. By directing each return beam to the detector via the feed path taken by the other beam, equal path lengths are ensured relaxing the coherency requirements of the light source.

An optical-electron feedback circuit based on ultra fast response GaAs photoconductive switch was applied to control a Q-switched single longitudinal mode Nd:YLF laser with negative feedback. The output pulse amplitude stability of the laser was enhanced and the perturbation less than ±3%.

This paper is a summary about our current work on supersmooth surface by float polishing. The basic configuration of a prototype machine is described, and some parameters for polishing subnanometer-smooth surface are presented with the recent measurement results of surface roughness.

The theoretical and experomental studies of (Nd,Ce):YAG Raman shifting laser in high pressure CH4 gas with compound output mirror composed of a partial reflective concave and a auxiliary plane mirror are reported in this paper.We have got 12 mJ pulse Raman laaser in 10 J input,and calculated the fundamental mode beam parameters of the fundemental freqiency field.

A laser-diode-pumped Nd:FAP laser oscillator is reported in this paper. A slope efficiency of 31% has been obtained with the transmission of output coupler of 8%,while the repetition rate is 100 Hz.The performance of LD pumped FAP and YAG lasers is compared, Nd:FAP is demonstrated to be a promising laser medium fitting for LD pumping.

A space intergrating acousto-optic correlator (SIAOC) using one extraodinary acousto-optic device with two oppositely directed channels is proposed. Some interferencefree experimental results for analog radar signal (high- frequency signal modulated by rectangular pulses) through directed detection are given. When the width of the rectangular pulses is 10 μs, the correlative gain is 16 dB.

In this paper, we report out experimental results of optical second harmonic generation from clean Si(100)2×1),Si(100)(2×1)-H and Si(100)(3×1)-H surfaces.For the clean Si(100)-(2×1)surface and the Si( 100)(3×1)-H surface,the second harmonic Intensity decreased monotonlcall with increasing temperature.For the(2 ×1) monohydride Si(100)surface,the second harmonic intensity varied on the temperature not monotonkically,but has the maximum at about 470 K.Structure and sample temperature could be monitored by the second harmonic intensity and the tempeerature dependence of second harmonic intensity.

AgGaSe2 crystal of φ20×60 mm has been grown by the method of oven temperature drop. The frequency-doubled (5.3 μm) output and the power conversion efficiency of 1.12% have been obtained for second harmonic generation of TEA CO2 laser (10.6 μm). The pumped and the damaged threshold are about 3 MW/cm2 and 11 MW/cm2, respectively. We have also discussed the effect of the beam divergence on the second harmonic conversion efficiency.

Single-frequency output power of 155 mW has been obtained in 2% doped Nd :YVO4 crystal pumped with a 1 W laser diode. Continuous wave thresholds of 226 mW have been observed with slope efficiencies of 33%. The linewidth is less than 10 MHz.

Based on the realization of low loss Si1-xGex/Si single-mode rib waveguides,we developed the Si1-xGex/Si "X" branches with the cross waveguides. These structures were fabricated from SiGe grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The branchesdemensions are determined by Si1-xGex/Si large single-mode conditions and propagationfeatures of the "X" cross waveguides using the beam propagstion and effective indexmethod.

Based on the linearly coupled mode equations, we have analyzed couPledpoWer characteristics of the coupling system consisting of five optical fibers. A mothed tofabri￣ new Structure of 1×4 splitters is proPOsed and experimentally demonstrated.The characteristics and dimentions of the obtained 1×4 splitter are almost the same ascommon 2×2 coupler.

Image distortion of the electro-optical tube X-ray framing camera becomes serious for intense X-ray pulse operation because of the space charge effect. This paper describes the characteristic of MgF2 photocathode and its first application in the framing camara. The space charge effect has been reduced and the clear pictures have been obtained for the intense X-rays.

The dynamical behaviours in dual coupled class-B laser were studied. This system can give CW, self-pulsing and chaos outputs. Period-doubling apptoach to chaos was found in the system.

Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) wavelength demultiplexers are studies by using thelarge cross-section single-mode rib waveguides conditions and the two-mode interferenceprinciple in silicon direct bonding SOI with bsck-polishing.They are fabricated by usingKOH anistropic etching. Their insertion loss are measured to be down to 4. 81 dB at thewavelength of 1.3 μm, and crosstalk is less than -18.6 dB at 1.3 μm.

This paper presents the stimulated Raman scattering in high pressure industraloxygen or oxygen-helium mixing gas pumped by a Q-switch freqency doubled Nd:YAGlaser. The relationship between Stokes energy converting efficiency and the pumpenergy, and gas pressure has been investigated. It is also discussed how to restrainsecond-order Stokes, et al.

The optical properties of (Ti, Al)N thin film have been studied and the transmission and reflection spectra have been analysed carefully. Using Hadley equations, the optical constants, n-refractive index, k-extinction coefficient of (Ti, Al)N films were determined. According to the transmission spectrum of (Ti, Al)N film, the optical gap energy of (Ti, Al)N film was calculated.

After exposed to ultraviolet light, the strong infrared optically stimulated luminescence was obsered in CaS singly doped with Sm. It is result from the electron transfer between Sm ions at different sites. The optical spectral properties and electrontrapping mechanism of Sm: Cas are reported in this paper.

A unique alignment algorithm-hi-cell algorithm is presented. With the alignment scan curve generated from the dark field alignment system, a bi-cell detector implemented in software is used for calculating the misalignment. In the bi-cell detector algorithm the symmetry point over the alignment scan curve is calculated as the ideal alignment point instead of the peak value point or other characteristic value point. Results show that the alignment accuracy better than 0.11 μm (3σ) can be obtained. The princi

The Fokker-Planck equation is solved by using the propagstor method. TheGreen function is calculated by using the local harmonic approximation method. Thepaper also discusses the applications in the quantum optics.

In this paper the relations between the amplitudes of electromagnetic waves propagating in multilayer media and those of incident waves on surface are deduced. And a generating function by which the transmitted waves in every layer can be generated isintroduced.

In this paper, the principle of computer moire used in 3D 360° object surface measurement is discussed. The experiment verifies that the computer moire method is a very sucessful method and the result can be got automatically with high speed.

The preparation method of C60 in PSt (Polystyrene) composite is reported. The linear absorption spectrum of C60 in PSt have been measured. The reverse saturable absorption and optical limiting of C60 in PSt have been studied.

Freuency up- conversion, pulse compression, and energy amplification of electromagnetic pulse upon the reflection from an oncoming ionization front is studied, the conditions favorable for these purposes are discussed.

A binary optical element is designed based on computer generated hologram for shaping the profile of laser beam from Gaussian to top-hat. As it is a binary optics, so the diffraction efficiency is four times than the holographic one's. The approach is easy in fabrication. The design and experimental results are presented.

A method of representing astigmatic beams by complex rays is used for analyzing axis-asymmetric resonators. Numerical iterative calcalations were Performed for a folded resonator with general astigmatism to show the application of the method.

An observation of optical conjugation in azo-dye-doped liquid crystals cell is reported for the first time. Its response time, diffraction efficienty and threshold intensity were measured, and the resolution was analysed. It is shown that it's a novel promising phase connjugate device.

Time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) deary and peak energy shift with time of PL emission spectrum in amorphous CdSe. are Studied. The initial dynamics of the thermalization and radiative recombination of photogenerated carriers are analysed with the geminate-pair model.

Using the Nd:YAG laser with the SBS-phase conjugate mirrow based on SF6 gas, the laser drilled hole on a 0.1 mm thik blade has been reported in this lecture.The primary experimental results show, that the fine hole with the exit diameter of 20 μm and the entrance diameter of 30 μm has been obtained due to the small laser beam divergence of this SBS-phase conjugate laser.

Single-longitudinal-mode, TEM00 output of 55 mW has been obtainded from a end-pumped twisted-mode cavity Nd:YAG laser. Continuous wave thresholds of ～300 mW have been observed with slope efficiencies of 23%. The linewidth is less than 25 MHz.

Extension of the bandwidth is investigated for a waveguide free-electron laser (FEL) by adjusting the waveguide dimensions, or the electron beam energy, or the period and strength of the wiggler. A far-infrared FEL oscillator with the bandwidth of 400 μm is designed.

The experimental apparatus for measuring the peak value of the Faraday rotation F induced by alternating magnetic field is set up. The sample used here is a magneto-optical film Prefared by liquid Phase epitaxy. By measuring the fundamental and the second harmonic of the photodetector current at a angle away from cross setting of P, A, the F can be calculated. The method is simple and accurate and can be used at any frequency.

A SOI (silicon-on- insulator ) single- mode rib waveguide with large trapezoidal cross-section formed by SDB (silicon wafers direct bonding) process has been fabricated. And the SDB SOI rib waveguide losses are below 0.85 dB/cm by measurements at a wavelength of 1.3 μm.

The orientation of the principal refractive aams Of PbBrZ crystal has beendetermined and itS principal refractive indices have been measured.

In this paper, the equivalent reflectance of diffusive baffles with vanes is discussed. After comparing several equivalent reflecamces introduced in literatures, a more appropriate model is proPOSed, in which not only the scattering and diffraction from vanes edge but also the influences of the segmentation of baffle are considered.

In prism-waveguide coupling experiment we found that the reflected light through the prism carried all information of waveguide refractive indices. According to the intensity variation of the reflected light, the refractive indices of optical waveguide,including effective indices of waveguide modes and substrate index, can be measured precisely. Then the refractive indices at different depths can be determined by curve fitting.

A new three-dimensional laser Doppler velocimeter (3D LDV) by only using frequency shift separation method has been developed. Simultaneous measurementS of three velocity components are realized by a single color He-Ne laser and one photodetector with simple transmitting and receiving optics. The signals corresPOnding to different velocity components are distinguished by three different optical frequency shifts introduced by three Bragg cells, and separated by band-pass filters. A novel and simple four-beam transmitting optics which contains three sets of dual-beam LDV systems is proposed, and the design specification of the 3D LDV system is presetned. The measuring accuracy of the on-axis component is also discussed in this paper.

This paper discussed the scientific meanning and the main design idea of the flat field, apochromatic CF microscopic objective which is a new model of microscopic objective since 1980' s. The paper discussed the main idea, correction of the secondary spectrum and the petzval sum, and the evaluation of image quality. Finally the author evaluated the design example in terms of the Strehl ratio S. D.

Exact dispersion relations and an analytic formula for calculating propagation constant and the power flux for TM guided waves at a nonlinear interface have been obtained. The advantage of this method is that the detailed field distrubutions are not necessarily known for solving the dispersion relations and also for calculating the power flux.

By using Mie theory of light scattering, under different type of the Junge size distribution, the numberical calculations were carried out about the sensitivity of the ratio of aerosol extinction to backscatter, extinction and backscatter to real and imaginary parts of aerosol refractive index. Some useful conclusions were obtained.

By using laser fluorescence spectroscopy we measured the hyperfine structures of three second-step transitions(0 cm -1→1 6856 cm-1→34272 cm-1),(3010 cm-1→20082 cm-1→36853 cm-1),(3010 cm-1→20082 cm-1→37544 cm-1) in a La hollow cathode discharge lamp. The a coefficients of 34272 cm -1,36853 cm-1,and 37544 cm-1 levels have been calculated. The results given in this paper are first reported.

C60/C70; optical glasses; absorption spectrum

In this paper, we report the mode shift of Nd-glass microspherical cavity caused by small variations of cavity size. The influence of mode shift on pump coupling is analysed.

High energy long mode-locked pulse train in Nd: YLF laser was studied by dyamically control the cavity Q-factor. The total length of the mode-locked pulse train was about 16 μs, energy was 2.5 mJ, single stable pulse duration was 4 ps.

The design and experimental results of an inside-pumped miniature Nd:YAG tube laser are presented in this paper. The slope efficiency reachs 2.73%. The pulsed laser energy of 3 J has been obtained.

This paper presents the experimental investigation of temperature dependences (290～380 K) of photorefractive effects in Fe:KNbO3. Results of two-wave coupling under different experimental configuration and self-pumped phase conjugstion in special Cut crystal are demonstrated.

The shock wave generation by plasma ablation is studied in this paper. The interdependent relations between various hydrodynamic parameters at the shock front and ablative flout are determined, the generation and temporal evolution of ablative shock are discussed in details.

In the paper,The Kerr effect in single mode birefringence fiber is studied in detail. The related advantsge is discussed when it is used as fiber optic logic gate. In addition, itS theoretical analysis and calculated data as well as experimantul setup are given The " 1/0" state of intensity model fiber logic gate is defined and the pulse width of output light is measured. The experimantal resultS coincide well with theoretically calculated data.

GaAs/GaAlAs heterostruture rib waveguide coupler with "stepped Δβ" Schottky electrodes has been investigated by using ion-etching and liftoff mask techniques, and optimization design of device structure and lowering epitaxy layer carrier concentration. Total losses of 10 dB and extinction ratio of 26.8 dB are obtained for single-mode operation at 1.3 μm.

A cascadable optical system for parallel fuzzy logic gates is proposed. Sixteen fuzzy logic operations can be realized by programming the polarization states of halfwave plates. The experimental results are given.

The temperature effect of phase conjugation wave was investigated experimentally in doped lithium niobate. It is found that the conjugation wave has significant temperature enhancing phenomenon and which is explained by using the mechanism of Amodei' s electron diffusion.

In this paper, the optical second harmonic generation (SHG) of cherenkov scheme in channel waveguide was analized and the condition of waveguide for Cherenkov type SHG was discussed in detail. We obtained the SHG power at wavelength of 0.53 μm by coupling 1. 06 μm fundamental power into the guide. The conversion efficiency is about 0.9% corresponding to the 10 mW input power.

Optieal limiting in 5-(2-methylthio-4-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)-2,4-pentadiyne-1-ol tosylate (PDATS) in solution was performed using 21 ps laser pulses at 532 nm wavelength. By employing this material with high linear transmittance, low threshold and low clamped output of Eth=150 mJ/cm2 and Ec=180 mJ/cm2,respectively were ablained.

X type crossing waveguide structures constructed by large single-mode rib SOI (Silicon-on-insulator) waveguide have been fabricated. The SOI structure is formed by SDB (silicon wafer direct bonding) process. When crossing angle of the crossing waveguides is equal to 2°, their crosstakles is below to -20 dB, their radiation losses is below to 0.3 dB, and their propegstion losses of the direct channels are measured to beapptoximately 0.85 dB/cm at a wavelength of 1.3 μm.

We demonstrate that with the time-delayed mathod the Raman-resonance hidden in the thermal background can be revealed and the Raman-enhanced nonlegenerat6 four-wave mixing spectrum converts to a normal asymmetric lineshape with foe nonresonant background originating from the molecular-reortenactional grating. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions.

A new method for obtaining the analytical dispersion characteristics of planar waveguides with arbitrary refractive index profile is presented. The method is based on the transfer matrix theory and a new interpretation of the WKB approximation is proposed. A comparison with other methods and the exact numerical results shows that our method is much more accurate than the ordinary WKB method and other existing approximate methods.

A combination of multichannel quantum-defect theory with the K reaction matrix has been used to imvestigate the influence of high-l 3pnl, (l=4) configuurations on the Mg 3pnd (j=3) autoionization spectra. The introduction of the 3Pug (J=3) configurations allows us to construct a complete model of the 3pug (J=3) autoionization process. Physical mechanism of some experimental phenomena have been related to the derailed structures of the autoionization spectra. Our theoretical results agree well with the published experimental spectra.

Axial and radial distributions of emission spectral intensities from XeCl excimer laser induced plasma near YBa2Cu3O7-xsuperconducting forget surface were measured by using an Optical Spectroscopy Analyzer (OSA). The ansular distributions of excited species in the plasma plume were obtained with curve sitting method on the assumption that each kind of excited species had corresponding uniform radiation probability over the plasma region respectively. The plasma plume exhibited a cos n θ spread and the value of n is between 2.78 and 7.63. The results were investigated as the functions of laser spot energy density and background oxygen pressure respectively.

The definition of spatial resolution in the PTR (photothermal radiometry)system is given. The influence of incident beam size on spatial resolution is investigated.The theoretical anlysis and practical measurements show that focused incident beam improves the spatial resolution of the system greatly.

Hyperfine coherence resonances with ΔmF=0,±1,±2 are observed in 87Rb vapor optically pumped with a microwave modulated semiconductor laser. The O-O(F=2,mF=0) hyperfine coherence resonance may be used as a reference of the atomic clock.

Stability of pulsewidth of backward stokes output is dominated by the stability of pump light. The theoretical prediction is verified by experimental results.

This paper discusses the output property of a Fabry-Perot interferometer filled with a nonlinear medium. Because of the optical field induced refractive index, the transmissivity across the monochromatic beam through the interferometer depends on distribution of the beam intensity. The output beam is different from the input. As the reflectvity of two planes increases, the distinction changes clear, and there is a change close to discontinue.

This paper reports for the first time the experiment of superbroadening continuous spectrum (100 nm) generated by pumping two kinds of fibers successively with intensive laser. The experimental phenomena are explained in details.

We have firstly demonstrated the transient all-optical switching for C60 in toluene pumped by a control light and probed by a signal light. The lifetime of C60 (3T1) can be deduced from the switching time.

In this peper, the seventeen real motion equation of atoms were shown for the first time inconsiderlng the polarization choices of laser lights. The importance of polarization spectrcoscopy in thedetermination of ionization yields of multi-step excitation and ionization of atoms (MSEIA) wasshown.

Careful study in the prism coupling method on refractive index measurement of optical waveguide substrates is given. The refractive indices of quartz, CaF2, LiF substrates and "C-813-8" gum plate were measured in two kinds of incident conditions and valuable measurement results are got.

The Scene depth of rainbow hologarm is analysed and discussed in detail based on the line-element hologram theory. It is theoretically demonstrated that the rainbow hologram can be used for displaying objects with large scene depth under certain viewing conditions. The rainbow holograms with scene depth of 450 mm are obtained in experiment.

Solid plates of C60 α-methylstyrene/styrene copolymer have been obtained. The light transmissive properties of the plates were studied with a 10 ns, 530 nm laser beam. The reverse saturable absorption process, corresponding to optical limiting performance was observed.

We have observed for the first time the phenomena of optical bistability-switching for the film of C60/C70 with all-optical method of the nonlinear F-P cavity. The on-off time of optical switching is about 10 ns.

The overlapping rate of selfoc lens arrays is discussed and its influence on resolution and illuminance distrbution is analyzed in this paper. An important criterion is obtained for the manufacture of selfoc lens arrays after a series of measurement of single selfoc lens and lens arrays. The empirical formula concerning the unevenness of illuminance is derived from experimental data.

The influence of the adiabatic-magnetic-field distribution at the entrance of wiggler on the output power, gain, and efficiency in a free-electron laser is investigated in terms of nonlinear simulation. Results show that the distribution f(kwz) = (kwz/2πNw)3 is better and closer to the measured data than both f=sin2(kwz/4Nw) and f=(kwz/2πNw)2.

As a modified heterodyne profilometer the heterodyne common path surface profilometer for measuring surface roughness is described. The profilometer is not sensitive to mechanical instability and temperature variations. The actual height resolution is 0. 1 nm and this system could be developed into a standard instrument for surface roughness measurement.

By using the principles of diffuse reflection laser phase ranging with non-cooperation turget to analyze and to design the key unit techniques, a prototype of laser phase imaging radar is developed which is suilable for the visual guiding system of autonomous carriage.

The characteristics of wavelength of dark-band valley in the transmitted spectrum of dichromated gelatin (DCG) holographic reflection element against the angles of incident beam are investigated experimentally. The use of holographic reflection element with two groups of peak-intensity planes as the holographic angle-sensitive element (HASE) is presented. The HASE has high angular sensitivity and the property of sensitizing to incident beam within very wide angles. The influences of experimental parmeters including the processing conditions and the ratios of reference to object on the minima and bandwidths of dark-band of transmitted spectrum are also analysed.

Based on the analysis of the design theories[1,2] for non-collinear acoustooptic tunable filter (AOTF), this paper analysed and accurately calculated the angular dependence between the acoustic polar angle θa and incident light polar angle θi for TeO2. θa-θi curve satisfied the parallel- tangents momentum- matching condition for non- collinear AOTF with a maximum angular aperture is obtained. The resulted curve obviously improved the θa-θi curve of Chang[2], and it provides a solid theoretical basis for the design of TeO2 AOTF.

In this paper, a new method using 2-D diffraction grating to implement the folded perfect shuffle interconnection network is proposed. This method is simple and feasible, the experimental results prove its effectiveness.

The theoretical analysis of photoacoustic Raman spectroscopy(PARS) in condensed matter is presented. The general expressions of PARS signal are derived for the cases when two modulated continuous laser beams or two pulsed laser beams are used as the activation source. The theoretical value is estimated.

Polyvinyl alcohol and some additives were introduced into the gelatin ammonium dichromate system for making Lippmann holograms. Experimental results have shown that these holograms possess better environmental stability than conventional dichromated gelatin holograms. Tentative analysis is also presented about the functions of the polyvinyl alcohol and the additives added. Mechanism of the improved environmental stability is discussed.

Taking into account of the fourth- order nonlinear refractive index, we have obtained the soliton solution of the nonlinear equation which governs the propagation of optical pulse in group velocity dispersion (GVP) single-mode fibers. And we point out that there is a intensity threshold for the sech-type pulse compression.

The basic principle of weak absorption measurements performed with photothermal deflection technique is discribed. An experimental setup with multiple pumping lasers has been constructed, the testing procedure and the results of a simple measurement example are presented.

The polycrystal thin films of the diluted magnetic semiconductors Zn1-xFexSe were prepared by vacuum evaporation. The structure and composition of the films were examined by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Optical absorption data showed that the energy gap E 8 decreases linearly with the composition x of Fe2+ ions. The best fitted relation is Eg=2.722-2.224x.

We report in this paper the measurement results of the relative intensity noise (RIN) in GaAs-AlGaAs laser arrays and the comparison with that of single stripe lasers. The results are in agreement with the noise theory based on the rate equation. The experimental measurements include relative intensity noise versus drive current, modulation frequency and temperature. And in these circumstances the theoretical prediction that the maximum of the relative intensity noise occurs when the lasers run exactly at their threshold current level is examined.

Nonlinear Raman spectrum of various of liquids is detected by using pulsed photoacoustic method. The cause of limiting the detect sensitivity of PARS techenique, mainly due to linear absorption, is discussed. Furthermore, an improvement method, differential method, is used to elimnate the disturbance from linear absorption. The detect sensitivity of PARS techenique is increased, so that the Raman spectrum of low concentration matter and the weakline of Raman spectrum can be detected. The probability of using differential PARS techenique to detect contaminant is discussed.

The transmission and reflection spectra at wavelength between 0.2 and 6.0 μm, and photoluminescence spectra of Cd2SnO4 films deposited by RF reactive sputtering from a Cd-Sn alloy target have been measured. The optical properties of Cd2SnO4 films are analyzed and calculated theoretically in detail.

The optical multichannel analyzer (OMA) is a modern instrument for mesuring spectra. But there is a contradiction between the spectral resolution and the mesurable width of simultaneous spectra. In this paper, a method has been given out which can enhance the resolution ten times or even one hundred times without reducing the width of simultaneous spectra. The high resolving spectra of an OMA system can be easily obtained with this method.

In this paper, rotating aperture cone glass shearing speckle photography used for dynamic problems is proposed. The whole dynamic process can be recorded on a single specklegram, and the derivatives of displacements of every moment can be obtained by whole-field filtering.

In this paper the frequency offset-locking techniqe of CO2 laser, one of the element techniques in CO2 laser heterodyne is studied. Beat frequency locking between two CO2 lasers with free oscillation has been realized. Having taken some measurement to reduce the affection of circumstance, the frequency traceability of 0.5 kHz (τ=10 s) has been obtained. Its central frequency can tuned continuously in the range of 2～20 MHz.

Absorption spectra of ZnSe-ZnTe strained-layer superlattices were measured at room temperature. Two step-like absorption edges corresponding to the transitions from the first heavy- and light-hole to the first electron level were observed. The valance band offset of ZnSe-ZnTe superlattices were determined from the band gap of the superlattice to be 1.10 eV.

This paper studies the nonlinear property of cresyl violet. By using degenerate four-wave mixing, the 3rd nonlinear electric susceptibility X3=2.0×1010 esu have been obtained. Afterwards,its relaxation time was measured as τ21=163 ps, by using pulse correlation technique.

A new interferometric technique for measuring liquid refractive index (RI) with high accuracy has been developed, which is directly traceable to the wavelength of He-Ne laser. The accuracy of this method is improved by increasing the optical path of step. The experiment revealed that the temperature distribution nonuniformity in the liquid limits the practical uncertainty of liquid RI measurement from 1×10-6 to 4×10-5 (2σ) depending on its temperature coefficient although much finer resolution can be easily achieved with this method.

In this paper the two- grating interferometer is analysized by means of nonapproximation. It is shown that when the number and the contrast of fringes from the interferometer are not limited by the coherence of its illuminating light, it is also not influenced by the position in space of the light source and is still capable of yielding equal spacing straight fringe pattern. The general conditions are derived under which the temporal or/and spatial coherence of illumination has no influence on the fringe patterns. Further, the effect on the interferometer due to the mismatch of these conditions is discussed.

The characteristics of a giga watts Nd: glass laser system with PTM Q-switching, the optical path scheme and its laser output performances are reported in this paper.

One-step panoramic holography is presented. Two concave mirrors are used in imaging system to record the rainbow hologram with 360°viewing angle on a plane holographic plate. Compared with the two-step method, the prominent property of this method is without the processes of accurate conjugate reconstruction and precise registration.

High power laser induced damage process is observed by scattering. Features of scattering change after sample damaged, and extrapolating damage threshold, scatter change versus laser damage morphology are described. Moreover, the laser damage accumulation effect is studied.

This paper describes a technique of using space filter in the light pipe uniformizer. With this filter, the uniformity of illumination of light pipe can be improved. Some parameters of the space filter are calculated and experimental results with it is given.

This paper discussed the achromatic region, resolving power, aberration and applied range etc in orthogonal cylindrical lenses holography.

In this paper, we have studied the dynamic of reverse saturable absorption in copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) using the rate equation theory. The experimental demostration is given by using Q-switched YAG laser and CuPc solution. The absorption cross-section of 2.6×10-17 cm2 of triplet excited state is obtained by using thereotical simulation.

There are distinct differences in microstructure between thin films deposited by reactive evaporation and by reactive ion plating. Cross sections of TiO2 single layer thin films and TiO2/ SiO2 multilayer stacks deposited by reactive ion plating have been investigated by transmission electron microscopy; analyses of TiO2 thin films by Raman spectroscopy and by RBS is prestented in this paper.

Using interpolation technique it is possible to determine the image spots position with subpixel accuracy. After a brief introduction to several common used interpolation algorithms, their algorithm errors are investigated based on a Gaussian image spot model. By correcting the algothm error an even higher accuracy can be achieved. Above analyses are well verified by our experiments.

The real-time intensity imaging of a CO2 laser heterodyne receiving system with an acousto-optical modulator is made for a static target in the laboratory. The image displayed by pseudocolor of four color grades is the pix of 128× 98, and the field of view is 7°×5°.

The Raman spectra of BSA in 5% aqueous solution extracted by nitrobenzene have been studied. The amide I band appears at 1 651 cm-1,amide Ⅲ band appears at 1 292 and 1242 cm-1. The characteristic Raman bands of the tyrosine residue are at 856、828 and 643 cm-1. The band of the s-s bond is at 522 cm-1. All the characteristic Raman bands of mis protein peptide prove that its structure consists of a- helical and random- coil. The tyrosine residue is "exposed" and the conformation of the carbon atoms in the disulfide bridge C-C-S-S-C-C is trans-gauche-gauche.

In this paper, we presented a rectangular waveguide method to calculate the birefringence of an elliptical inner caldding single mode fiber. The fiber is approximated by a rectangular waveguide, then Marcatili and fective ndex ethod were applied respectively to calculate the birefringence caused by the elliptical clading. Numerical example was given and calculated results were compared with that obtained by plane wave approximation, modified coupled mode theory and perturbation method as well as exact values by solving the eigen value equation. It is shown that rectangular waveguide method is not only accurate but simple.

The phenomena of longitudinal mode quenching in a CuBr laser with two types of multiple-mirror compound resonators are reported. The multiple mode-locking pulse trains at a repetition rate equal to a multiple of the fundamental longitudinal mode spacing have been obtained. The highest repetition rate is up to 440 MHz. The experimental results indicate that the mulptiple mode-locking pulses at high and wide-range tunable repetition rate in CuBr laser can be generated by adjusting the structure parameters of the compound resonators, without shortening the length of the active medium.

There is a characteristics drift caused by the photorefractive effect in Ti-diffused LiNbO3 waveguides. The drift will result in severe problems to the devices in pratical use, especially to that based on optical coherence principles. Experimental results about thermal fixing technique of waveguide characteristics are presented in this paper. It is derived from our experiment that H+ ions do not play an important role in thermal fixing processing.

We have measured the absorption and fluorescence spectra from the solution of the mixture of C60 and C70 in toluene. The SHG output from a Q-switched YAG laser was used as excitation source. Two Fluorescence peaks were observed at circa 670nm and 695nm, which may originate from C70 molecules.

In this paper, the small-signal response of a CO2 laser to cavity length modulation has been investigated. The results show Satisfactory agreement between theor etical and experimental studies on the effect of modulation of dynamical parameters. In this paper, the multi-level theoretical model is used to a typical CO2 laser. The dynamical parpameters of the laSer are precisely determined by fitting this theory with the experimentally measured curves.

This paper reports the transient response of amorphous OdSe and glow-dicharge amorphous Silicon to ultrashort pulses generated by a colliding pulse mode-locked Nd:YAG laser. The Photocurrent relaxation is analysed with the model of extended-state transport controlled by multiple trapping.

Based on the results in previous paper, we further discussed the above-threshold lonzation (ATI) of atom under intnse laser field with realistic pulse shape. Affter considering the influence of initical ionization time, it is more clear that the red shift and brodening of ATI peaks appear as the laser pulse width changes from long to short regime.

Photoacoustic (PA) observation of the decay channels of surface plasmons wag made on the plasmong excited by the attenuated total reflection (ATE). Both in the interfaces of Ag-air and CaF2-Ag-air, ATR and PA spectrum were measured at the game time. The results show that it is possible to determine the radiative and non-radiative decay quantatively by comparing measurements taken with transparent and blackened cavities.

An all-fiber frequency shifter operating at 10.7MHz is described. The device was based on a SAW structure using interdigital transduser on LiNbO3 substrate. A coupling efficiency of 35 % has been achieved by using a 1.5W electrical drive power.

Combination of backward Brillouin scattering and grating compressor has made possible the production of extremely bright laser sources. The first step towards the realization of such a source is the development of small size laser system. Using this suggestion, 100 times pulse compression of an 5 ns initial puls down to 40 ps ia obtained.

The automatic analysis of holographic interference photocarrier fringe patterns has been realized by using orthogonal coherent phase detection methed. The edge effects of analyzing the fring patterns is discussed, and a exptrapolation algorithm suited for microcomputer processing has been proposed. Finally, the analysis results of the fringe patterns are shown in this paper.

The principal refractive indices and double-frequency coefficients of KIO3 single crystal have been measured for the first time. The measured recults are given in this paper.

Using a 6.5×9×20 (length) mm KTP crystal, picosecond pulses were obtained with tunable range of 625nm-3575nm, maximum energy conversion effioienoy of -30 %, and maximum peak power of 34MW.

In this letter we report the nonlinear property of pyrylium-doped superpolymer studied by degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM). The nonlinear susceptibility x(3) of pyrylium-doped polymer is 3×10-10 e.s.u.. The time resolution curve formed by the decay of phase conjugate reflection as a function of the delay of the backward pump pulse in the counterpropagating DFWM scheme was observed, and the relaxation time is 30 ps. The electronic and brientational mechanisms are discussed.

In the paper, the experiment results of time-serial interferograms of explosive flow field and initial combustion process are presented which are produced by using pulsed YAG laser to detonate initiating agent and obtained with timeserial interferometry. On this basis, a method of fringes curve detecting and the function of double cubic many-knot interpolating splines are used to extract the wave-front of shock wave. With the algorithm of serial wave-front registering the propagation velocity of shock wave is calculated quantitatively. At the same time, the distribution of temperature with the change of time in the process of initiating agent combustion is calculated quantitatively also.

The 34 layers tapCuPo, the copper tera-4- ( 2.4-ditert-ampylphenoxy) phtha-locyanine, were deposited by the LB technique on the optical glass waveguide of K+ ion-exchange, and a four-layer dielectric waveguide with LB films cladding is formed. The 532 nm line from a YAG laser is used as a light source. The input light with pulse width of 250 ps is coupled into the optical waveguide by a glass prism, and then is passed through the regiod coated with the LB films. In the experiment,a fast optical bistability with the switching off time to 24 ps has been demonstrated.

The analysis of the composition, construction, spectrum of transmittance and depolarization ability are made on a chalcedony sample. It reaches a conclusion that the material in a very good choice for depolarization windows of the detecters used in ultra-violet, visible and near-infrared spectra regions.

TiO2 and ZrO2 thin films were deposited by ion-beam sputtering. Their refractive indices, optical absorption and laser-induced damage thresholds are investigated. The optical absorption of the coatings are decreased obviously.

In this paper, a grating optical bistable device is described. Changing the relative displacement between two symmetrical gratings, a periodic modulation of the light intensity is realized, Taking such a system as the transmission part and using He-Ne laser and white light, we have performed the optical bistable experiment. The experimental results are in good agreement with theoretical analyses.

Taking that elliptical Gaussian beam change into circular symmetrial Gaussian beam as an example, this paper gives the theory and method using Computer-Generated Holograms to change the wavefront and mode of lasers, and deduces the equation of Computer-Generated Holograms. The Computer-Generated Holograms are made. Experiment results are presented.

Theoretical analysis of crystal clad fiber-optic polarizer is presented in this paper. At first, the anisotropic refractve indices of potassium pentaborate at long wavelength region were determined. Then extinction ratio variations with the parameters of single mode fiber and crystal were calculated for the polarizer with only one side crystal clad by using planar dielectric waveguide model, and the whole crystal clad polarizer by using W fiber model, The comparison and the discussion of these two types of crystal clad fiber-optic polarizer have been made.

Resonance enhanced stimulated four-photon mixing and optical free induction decay have been first demonstrated in Er3+ doped silica fibers under the excitation of a 1064 nm laser. The enhancement of anti-Stokes of stimulated four-photon mixing by the excited state 4I11/2 of Er3+ has been confirmed in frequency- and time-domain.

Amorphous GaSb thin film have been prepared by rf-magnetron sputtering. The effects of ther mally-induoed phase change of the film on its optical properties and miorostruoture have been studied systematically. It is found that amorphous GaSb thin films change to polycrgstalline state with cubic structure (α0 = 0.6095 nm) around annealing temperature 270℃, and the optical gap changs from 0.7(eV) to 0.94 (eV) after the phase change. The cauve of GaSb thin film resistance versus annealing temperature is measured by fourprobe method. And write-once recording properties and laserinduced phase change of the GaSb thin film have been studied.

A 2π quasi-periodical damping oscillation is shown in the variation in populations of two-level atoms with the time-dependent pulse area, which providers us with a rather good picture of atom behaviors under the influence of abitrary strong laser pulses.

A large separation "oscillator" source-travelling wave amplifier approach is suggested for attaining high power fully coherent X-ray source. Using a newly-designed aspherical lens combination, a long narrow local line can be obtained, resulting in a more uniform and narrow laser-produced plasma column. It may be a great help to raise gain-length product.

In this paper, spectral response characterization on S-25 and New S-25 photo-cathodes are studied. Since photocathode has thicker pliotocathode thickness, higher photocathode structure parameter and spectral response cut-off wavelength, phot oca-thode sensitivity between 850 and 1000nm is improved. The improvements repres ent the superiority of New S-25 photooathode as well as a new direction of multialkali photocathodes.

Phase change recording medium GeSb2Te4t hin film is prepared by RF-magnetron sputtering, Thermal annealing effects on the optical and structural properties of GeSb2Te4 thin films have been studied systematically. Thermal-inducedcrystalline property of amorphous GeSb2Te4 thin film has also been studied.

An improved notion of calculation of multiple scattering based on the method of sucoesive singular scattering and a theorem are proposed. The results of simplified numerical simulation are in good agreement with the published experimental data.

Light isolators in common transmitter/receiver antenna coherent laser radars is discussed in this paper. The characteristics of quarter waveplate and Fresnel rhomb are analysed, and the quarter retarders of Ge crystal are designed and produced. The rhomb has been used in the CO2 laser heterodyne detection system, and the transfer efficiency is more than 93%.

Frequeney up-conversion in Er3+ doped silica fibers pumped by a CW 1064 nm laser has been first demonstrated. The visible fluorescence spectra of Er3+/GeO2/SiO2 and Er3+/Al2O3/GeO2/SiO2 optical fibers were measured. Two-photon absorption and excited-state-absorption of Er3+ ions are proposed to account for the experimental observation.

26 absorption lines of water vapor in vibration-rotation band have beoen bser-ved by using an AlGaAs diode laser around 822.6-823.2 nm. The minimum absorption coefficient α-3 ×10-6 cm-1 and the SNR-60 (for α-1×10-4 cm-1) have been detected, A pressure broadening coefficient of 0.128 MHz/Pa was measured.

A new type of fiber-optic interferometer is proposed and analysised. Based on Maoh-Zehnder interferometer, this novel fiber-optic interferometer offers higher sensitivity, together with the unique capability of compensation for optic source's wavelength and enviromental fluctuations by appropriate adjustment of its two phase.

By using the 1-D projection correlation theory of 2-D correlation, the fingerprint and character field are identified repidly and effectively. The experiment, results are in good agreement with theory. Finally, the projection technique for idntifioation are discussed in detail.

The temporal diffraction integration in terms of temparal ABCD matrix element is introduced in an optical system. This integration is used to discuss the Gaussian pulse propagation in dispersive medium, and to show the time-imaging in a linear dispersive medium and square pulse shaping for optical fiber.

Transformation of the degree of polarization under the action of a nondepola-rizing system is analysed. We find that the degree of polarization may be reduced in gome nonpolarizing systems and it does not agree with the belief before.

A laser Doppler velocineter system in which ordinary single-mode eptical fibre is used to form the all optical paths is described. The velocity direction sensing is performed by an acoustic-optic frequency shifter using ordinary single-mode fibre. Single-mode fibre polarisation controllers are used to provide adjustment of the polarisation State in fibre exits. This system is simple, miniature, flexible and easy to adjust because of the all fibre configuration.

In this paper, the two-wave mixing properties of tetragonal phase Fe doped KTN crystal are repoted for the first time. A gain coefficient of 7.3cm-1 and diffraction efficiency of 42% were measured. The response time is 2.8 seconds. The Sign of the dominant oharge carriers is determined and some other parameters are calculated.

In this paper, the light scattering patterns of polyethylene spherulitea with concentric-circle extinction are examined by wide-angle laser scattering instrument. Based on the model of effective dipole moment and by moans of Fourier transform and diffraction grating principle, the causes of pattern formation are analysed and the twisted phenomena of lamellae are further discussed. The theoretical analysis is in agreement with the experimental result.

The laging properties of a 6×16×84 mm GGG crystal slab were measured and its thermal lensing effect was investigated under high power pumping.

By utilizing an external Doppler dither modulation scheme, the frequency of the CO2 laser 10P(16) and 10P(18) lines are locked at the centers of the saturated absorption lines of SF6 molecules in an external absorption cell. The locked laser has a frequency fluctuations of some 7 kHz. The looked laser output has neither parasitic frequency modulation nor parasitic amplitude modulation. The stabilized frquency is independent of laser operating characteristics.

We present the Eaman spectra of nanocrysttalline materials of ZrO2 and SnO2 for various particle sizes. After comparative observation and analysis, we discover and study the new spectra characterized by nanocrystalline materials.

Phase-stepping technique is applied to stroboscopic holographic interferometry to extract quantitative results of vibration objects. The effect of different ratio of the pulse duration to the period of the vibration is analysed, and experimental demonstrations are presented.

The absorption, coefficient experience formula of multialkali photocathodes (Na2KSb(Cs)) is given in this paper. The theoretical curves of coefficient calculated by the formula show good agreement with experimental results in the visible and near infrared "regions. The absorption coefficient of multialkali photocathodes on near absorption edge is derived by quantum mechanics. Quantum yield difference between S-20 and LEP is explained.

This article presents a method of making hard alloy WC-TiC-Co on the No.45 steel surface by using high power laser beam. The microstructrue and performance of the alloyed layer are observed, examined and analyzed, and the mechanism of forming hard alloy is studied. The results indicate that it is very successful to improve the properties of the metal material's surface with this method.

The spectrum of five-time ionized titanium emitted from a three-electrode vacuum spark has been observed using a 1-m normal incidence speotrograph. We have observed 157 new lines of TiVI in the region from 24 to 200nm. According to the newly identified lines of TiVI we have found 11 new enegy levels and revised 5 doubtful energy level valuse.

The energy levels of Na-like ions from Copper to Molybdenum are reported. The transition wavelengths of 5g-4f, 5f-4d, 6g-4f, 6f-4d are given as well as the oscillator strengths. These transitions are of potential interest for X-ray laser. The results indicate that the 6f-4d transition of Se ions, the 6g-4f transition of Br ions, the 5f-4d transition of Zr ions, the 5g-4f transition of Nb ions are all in the range of the "Water "Window".

This paper presents a novel widely tunable, pulsed dye laser with single transverse mode narrow bandwidth which can be constructed by using a grazing-inoidenoe grating in eonjustion with a hollow circular dielectric waveguide. The experimental results show that the single transverse mode narrow bandwidth laser output can be obtained while maintaining a high lasing efficiency. The mechanism of the improvement is also discussed in this paper.

The Raman spectrum of folded longitudinal acoustic phonon modes of ZnS-ZnSe strained-layer superlattice have been reported. In the region 10～90cm-1, three doublets were observed at room temperature.

Pumped by 514.5 nm Ar ion laser, superfluorescence was observed in a 3 m Nd-doped silica fiber. The maximum output power is 6 mW with the emission linewidth-of 3 nm. A good agreement is found between experimental; data and theoretical fits.

Based on the theoretical analysis of two elliptically polarized light fields, the features of two elliptically polarized light fields which orthogonalized each other (levorotation and dextroroyation) and a circular polarization and a linear polarization light field are disused. Polarization method for moving interference fringes is introduced.

The calibration of optical wedge space in Fizeau laser wavemeter is the precondition for the measuring laser wavelegth accurately. The number of calibrating wavelengths for the calibration of optical wedge space is studied in this paper. The analysing results show that the number of the calibrating wavelengths mainly depends on the selection style for the calibrating wavelengths and the error range of the optical wedge space.

The prioiple and basic considerations of the design of barium strontium potassium sodium niobate (KNSBN) self-pumped phase conjugators are given in this paper. The corresponding device was designed and its oharateristica were studied.

In this paper, we describe a new method using computer generatal holograph element (CGH) to complete two-dimensional optical perfect shuffle, Experimental result shows that it is feasible and effective. The mothod can be extended to other transformnet work.

In our experiment described in this paper, the single pulse of the picosecond laser (λ=0.527 μ) from bhe output of a frequency-doubled mode-locked phosphate Nd glass laser at λ=1.054同μm was used as the exciting light source. The lifetimes of the excited singlet states S1 of the organic biological macromolecules haema-toporphyrin and lactoflavin were measured with streak camera. The quenching effect of oxygen molecules on the lifetimes was discussed preliminarily.

A system for accurate phase determination using two-referenoe-beam, duble-exposure holographic interferemtry and phase-stepping technique is described. It calculates the interference phase pointwise with repeatability better than 2%, and takes less than 2 min for a 256×256×8 bit image.