Since the 21st century， the rapid development of nanotechnology is affecting and changing a large number of application fields， greatly promoting the development of science and technology and the progress of human civilization. Nanotechnology is considered to be a very important field of science and technology in this century， which will have a significant impact on the survival and development of mankind. At the same time， energy and environmental issues are becoming increasingly prominent nowadays， which have become two major global challenges. Human beings should not only develop energy technology and expand access to energy， but also avoid causing environmental pollution. We proposed that the nanotechnology is widely used in energy and environment， through a variety of exquisite nanostructure design methods and nano-manufacturing technologies to deal with the challenges. This paper will summarize the achievements of our research teams in the three representative directions of nanotechnology in th elds of energy and environment in the past decade：the applications of nanotechnology in the next generation lithium ion batteries with high specific energy， the applications of nanotechnology in dealing with environmental problems——realizing efficient filtration of PM2.5 particles and anti-haze filtration materials with good air permeability， the applications of nanotechnology in polymer fiber fabric with intelligent regulation of human body temperature.

The retraction and release device of optoelectronic composite cable is a kind of control equipment to retract and release the cable of the lift-off platform. According to the flight requirements of the lift-off platform， we need to control the cable in real time， and ensure the information transmission and energy supply between the sky and the ground. Aiming at the complex structure and low strength of retraction and release device， and the problems of poor reliability of system， a miniaturization and intelligent device of photoelectric composite cables is studied and designed in this paper， and the tension control method is proposed. The system test verifies that the tension value of the cable is maintained between 0.5~2 N， the response time is 100 ms， and reliability of the equipment are greatly improved.

Near-space wind temperature remote sensing technology is an important method to study the dynamics and thermodynamic characteristics of the atmosphere， and a necessary way to improve the accuracy of space weather numerical prediction. According to the remote sensing detection requirements of atmospheric wind temperature in the near space， by analyzing the detection principles and methods of the near space wind field and temperature， and comparing the existing spaceborne passive wind temperature detection methods，a near-infrared spaceborne wind temperature imaging interferometer based on the field-stretched Michelson interferometer is proposed. Its working wavelength is the spectral line of O2 molecules at 1.27 μm， and the detection range covers the entire adjacent space. The working principle and design process of the system are discussed in this paper. The design of Michelson interferometer with field broadening， chromatic aberration correction， and temperature compensation functions and the F-P for frequency discrimination of O2 molecular lines are mainly discussed， and simulation experiments are performed. The simulation results show that the wind speed measurement error is 18.98%， which can meet the detection requirements of the atmospheric wind field and temperature field in the adjacent space.

In order to realize the purpose of measuring angle quickly and accurately in the process of cube machining， and to solve the problem that traditional angle measuring technology cannot adapt the mass processing of cube， the method of measuring cube right angle by plane interferometer is studied in this paper. The relationship between the angle deviation to be measured and the number of interference stripes is established by theoretical derivation. At the same time， it provides the guidance of theory and detection method for the correction of on-line machining process angle. Through the 90 mm×90 mm×90 mm cube to explore the angle measurement process， the results show that when the number of fringes in the filed of view m≤5.5， the right angle error δ≤2″. When the retardation increases， it is a positive error when the fringe shrinks， while the fringe diffusion is a negative error. The measurement of cube right angle error by plane interferometer and the judgment of error positive and negative are realized.

At present， there is the lack of effective technical means in the multi-target processing capacity test for infrared warning system. The index is evaluated by inputting single background image simulated by computer. A kind of mathematical model about multi-target generating real-time based on background estimation technique is put forward in this paper， and the real-time test evaluation is realized based on a real sequence image. The method is verified by the real-time experimental data. The results show that the method can effetively detect the multi-target processing ability of the infrared warning system on the basis of greatly saving troops， and provide technical and theoretical support for the improvement of equipment simulation training system.

In power systems， substation sequential control has been referred to as the primary means of scheduling tasks. In order to solve the problem of long confirmation time in the substation knife gate sequence control operation， the real-time video of the knife gate is connected to the sequence control system through the network camera， and the knife gate is tracked in real time through the kernel correlation filtering algorithm， and the motion area detection is detected. The shape of the knife gate changes， and the tracking target is updated in time， so that the nuclear correlation filtering has a stable tracking ability for the target of scale and shape change. The method proposed in this paper can provide the substation operator with intuitive isolation switch status information， reducing the confirmation time in the isolation switch sequence control operation from nearly one hour to 2 minutes， greatly improving the efficiency of the scheduling work.

In recent years，neural networks have been widely used in the image dehazing and achieved good results.However， the neural network applied in image dehazing always has a deeper depth and a more complex structure， which is a disadvantage while appling in a embedded system platform. A structure called BP-Net (Block Piled Network)， which is based on the piling basic block structure is proposed. The residual network(ResNet) and the information distillation module of information distillation network are used as the basic block respectively. The perceptual loss is also adopted as the training loss of our network. Testing on the SOTS dataset， the averange PSNR has achieved 33.15 dB while SSIM has achieved 0.977 2. Besides， the number of the basic blocks are also reduced and a good result is achieved.

Taking the optical internal compensation technique as the research object， the influence of the relative position of the parallel beam and the cylindrical mirror array on the outgoing beam is analyzed in this paper. The coupling relationship between the compensation mechanisms is discussed as well. The results show that the compensation mechanisms are decoupled from each other. Based on the above conclusions， the stability compensation relationship of the beam of the optical internal compensation system is deduced. It provides the theoretical basis for beam stability control.

In order to solve the problem that the performance of infrared imaging system rapidly degenerate in high radiation environment，an uncooled infrared dual-field imaging optical system with a focal length of 30/120 mm is designed by “L” folding of the two-stage variable optical system for secondary imaging. The operating wavelength range is 8 to 12 μm， F number is 1.1. The design results show that the system has simple and compact structure， small volume and good imaging quality， so that its MTF value at the characteristic frequency 30 lp/mm corresponding to the detector is greater than 0.4. It can well meet the application requirements.

At present， the laser ranging technology is still in the stage that it needs to enter the tracking state to obtain the distance information. Research on the feasibility of the laser ranging technology under the dynamic scanning state is carried out in this paper. By adding a reverse scanning mechanism to the light path and establishing a kinematic model of the light path， the error of the dynamic ranging light path under the scan state is analyzed， and the error index is assigned. The most stringent part in the reverse scanning optical path that needs the strictest control is found. It provides an important technical basis and theoretical support for the development of laser ranging devices in the alert scanning process.

A white light source of automotive headlamp based on laser remote activation phosphor with reflective structure is proposed in this paper. Reflective structure of remote-activated phosphor allows the heat be transmitted away in time. Due to the high energy density of the laser diodes’ light， silicon dioxide (SiO2) particles is added to enhance the scatter effect. Through simulation， the quantitative effects of phosphor and SiO2 particles are analyzed and the effeteness of cooling structure is confirmed. According to the design， the prototype of the white light source is made. The test result shows it meet the requirement of being light source of headlamp.

In order to analyze the damage mechanism of materials from the microscopic point of view， quickly and accurately measure the micro morphologies of the surface， the white light interference technology is analyzed theoretically. Two different types of material damage morphologies， such as wear spots and pits， are measured and studied by using white light interference technology. The results show that the white light interferometer can accurately measure the two-dimensional and three-dimensional topographies and depth data of wear spots and pits. The depth of wear spot is 45.68 μm， and the maximum pit depth is 5.14 μm. The white light interferometer is suitable for testing the three-dimensional morphology and data of the damaged surface. The technology can be used to quickly and accurately measure the micro surface morphology of materials， which is of great significance for further understanding of behavior and life prediction of materials.

For an ion beam sputtering(IBS) system， the depositon rate is very stable and the reproducibility is excellent，but at the beginning of a deposition the rate may still change. In order to study the change rule， mid-infrared reflectors are prepared by using Nb2O5 and Al2O3 as high and low refractive index materials. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy is used to measure the reflection spectra， and the film’s secetion topography is detected by a scanning electron microscope(SEM). The results show that the thickness decreses as the layer number increases， indicating the decreasing deposition rate with time. By spectra inversion， an exponential changing model is established. After optimization， the fitting accuracy between theoretical curve and measured data is greatly improved. This study can be used to correct film thickness in a time-rate monitoring system.

Inertial navigation equipment must be aligned with the relevant reference of the ship to complete its navigation and mission as a reference for the ship's attitude. The error mechanism generated in the process of optical calibration is analyzed， and the technical measurements for reducing optical calibration errors are proposed. It is pointed out that using optical preliminary calibration combined with digital calibration(compensation) is an efficient and reliable calibration technology. The equipment installation process is simplified， and efficiency is improved effectively.

In order to provide the basis for the actual construction and performance optimization， the working principle and system structure of double-closed-loop resonant fiber optical gyro using acousto-optic frequency shifter are introduced in this paper， and a Simulink simulation model is established. Simulation results show that frequency locking can be completed within 18 ms， measurement range is expanded from ±0.8 rad/s to ±9 rad/s， and nonlinearity is reduced from 1.9% to 0.46%. It shows that compared with single closed-loop resonant fiber optical gyro， double closed-loop resonant fiber optical gyro using the acousto-optic frequency shifter has a larger dynamic range and lower nonlinearity of the scale factor.

Due to the obvious multipath effect and signal being easily-disturbed of GNSS， the velocity reference outputted by master inertial navigation system fails to be calibrated. For the unreliable master velocity observation， the Doppler velocity log (DVL) is supposed to be adopted to facilitate transfer alignment on the large shipborne trial platform. Given complex ocean condition in trial practice， velocity plus angular rate matching method and dynamic flexural lever arm model are used to build system error equations up， as well as the error of DVL is established under the local level frame. Simulation demonstrates that the alignment performance with DVL auxiliary is much more precise than that without assistance， while the alignment process is steady as well. Therefore， in the midst of cruise of marine vessels， DVL is an ideal auxiliary equipment in transfer alignment.