Since the 21st century， the rapid development of nanotechnology is affecting and changing a large number of application fields， greatly promoting the development of science and technology and the progress of human civilization. Nanotechnology is considered to be a very important field of science and technology in this century， which will have a significant impact on the survival and development of mankind. At the same time， energy and environmental issues are becoming increasingly prominent nowadays， which have become two major global challenges. Human beings should not only develop energy technology and expand access to energy， but also avoid causing environmental pollution. We proposed that the nanotechnology is widely used in energy and environment， through a variety of exquisite nanostructure design methods and nano-manufacturing technologies to deal with the challenges. This paper will summarize the achievements of our research teams in the three representative directions of nanotechnology in th elds of energy and environment in the past decade：the applications of nanotechnology in the next generation lithium ion batteries with high specific energy， the applications of nanotechnology in dealing with environmental problems——realizing efficient filtration of PM2.5 particles and anti-haze filtration materials with good air permeability， the applications of nanotechnology in polymer fiber fabric with intelligent regulation of human body temperature.