It is recognized that the electro-optical technology is on the frontier in new century era. As the novel areas such as artifitial intelligence, unmanned platform develops rapidly, electro-optical technology has greater application potential in military area. Compared with the army and air force, naval electro-optical system has its own features and requirements in performance and boundary. In this article, the concept of modern naval electro-optical system is introduced, as well as the review in past sixty years. Then the evolutional development trend is indicated. And the typical systems, mainstream EO sensors and related key technologies is explained and examined carefully.

Aiming at the engineering application demand of current high energy laser system, a transmission high power laser emitting system with continuous focusing and focusing is designed in the range of some miles from the target. Firstly, the far-field focusing characteristics of Gaussian beam are analyzed theoretically, and the parameters such as amplification ratio, and angle of divergence are calculated. Then three, four and five pieces are selected as the design models, and the simulation analysis is carried out by using the optical design software sequence mode, and the design results of the three structures are analyzed and compared. In order to improve the stability and transmittance of the system, and to take into account the correction of aberration and the axial distance of the lens and other factors, the five-piece transmission type is selected as the structural form. The focusing curve of this structure is smooth and easy to be processed. It is composed of 3 fixed lenses and 2 focusing lenses, and spherical lens is used to realize the continuous focusing and focusing within the target distance of 0.3~2 km. The results show that the beam expansion ratio of the system is 6.5, the angle of divergence is about 63 μrad. The wavefront is better than 0.42λ in the whole focusing stroke, and the probability of the wavefront being better than 0.3 is 90% after the tolerance allocation. The design of the tolerance allocation is reasonable, and the structure is stable and reliable. As a result, the optical performance is excellent, and it has a good application prospect in the field of high-energy laser.

Based on the principle of diffraction gratings, the beam scanning angle is calculated for the wavelength of 1 550 nm with the reflective liquid crystal optical phased array(LCOPA) as the research object. And the periodic and non-periodic scanning modes are simulated and analyzed. The phase diagram program and test software of periodic and non-periodic scanning modes are compiled. LCOPA is based on the theory of pure-phase modulation, which can achieve the real-time and programmable control for optical phase. The results show that the maximum detection distance is about 1.3 km when the defection angle is 2.4°. The test scanning system is of value in the fields of multi-object tracing, laser guiding and multi-object defense.

Switch-zoom optical system with F-number of 0.9 is designed by optimizing the multi aspheric surface to match a array uncooled long-wave infrared focal detector with high resolution of 1 280 × 1 024 and small pixel size of 12 × 12 μm, where its field of view could change from 36.3° to 20.64° to satisfy the special needs of discovering and identifying target, respectively. By introducing multiple aspheric surfaces, the modulation transfer function (MTF) is greater than 0.3 at the Nyquist frequency of 42 lp/mm, which greatly improves the contrast and resolution of the system compared to that of the spherical system. Compared with previous work, this system owns better properties and avoids complex binary surfaces.Furthermore, the design results show that the MTF of any state is greater than 0.2 at 42 lp/mm in the temperature range of 0~40 ℃. Our work pave the way for wide scan detection and accurate target recognition. The system is based on the staring focal plane infrared detector with super large area array scale and ultra-small pixel, which can meet the imaging requirements and can search and capture the target. It can be combined with the airborne system to form the airborne infrared search and tracking system, which has certain significance for the development of airspace surveillance, threat judgment, detection of incoming missiles, automatic search and tracking of targets.

When the phase-shifting interferometer is disturbed by large vibration, it will not be able to accurately obtain the better interference group image. In order to solve this problem, a vibration detection method is proposed based on interference fringe image analysis.The proposed method is divided into two parts. From the perspective of image processing, the characteristics of the fringe shape, number, and phaseshift direction in the interferogram are analyzed, and the relationship between the characteristics and the low frequency, high amplitude vibration is obtained. Based on this, we can judge whether the interferogram is affected by low frequency vibration. From the perspective of statistics, the relationship between the phaseshift characteristics of the interferogram group and the mid-high frequency, low amplitude vibration is analyzed. By calculating the phase shift stability and accuracy of the interference group picture and evaluating the overall phase shift quality, we can judge whether the interferogram group is affected by mid-high frequency vibration. Based on the above method, the corresponding algorithm has been developed. After repeated experiments and verification, the method can intelligently judge and screen out the interference group pictures that are less disturbed by vibration when obtaining the sequence interference group pictures. Then we can calculate accurate wavefront information based on the obtained high-quality interferogram group. This method improves the anti-vibration ability of the system and is of significance to the practical application of phase-shifting interference technology.

A 780 nm on-chip integrated narrow linewidth semiconductor laser device is introduced in this paper, and this device is based on external cavity and master oscillator power amplifier structure (ECDL+MOPA). After introducing the main structure and operation principle of this laser diode, the design and simulation results of MOPA optical path, isolator parameters and pigtail optical path are described in details. Then the laser diode is realized and the main specification is indicated. After that, the laser linewidth test plan based on homodyne method and the detailed experiment setup are explained. This laser device is tested via the method introduced in this article, and it is proved that the output laser beam with linewidth smaller than 50 kHz@20 μs is realized. The related technology can be applied in atomic clock or other atomic interference fields.

An image matching method based on phase feature and pyramid algorithm is proposed to improve the matching performance of heterogeneous images. Firstly, the image is processed by pyramid operation, from top matching pair to bottom matching pair based on FM phase feature. The region of interest in the image is selected. Then the image block extracted is traversed by each pixel in the region. The FM phase feature is matched with the corresponding foreign image. The point is got with the largest phase feature matching coefficient in the region of interest as the translation. Entering the lower pyramid for processing, the more accurate parameters are searched near the initial translation parameters. After traversing all pyramid levels, the final translation, magnification coefficient and rotation parameters are obtained. Through several sets of simulation experiments of infrared-visible, SAR-visible matching pairs and Gauss white noise interference experiments, it is found that the proposed method has better matching success rate, matching stability and robustness than several classical methods and the algorithms proposed in recent years.

In response to the high-precision time-frequency transmission requirements of optical fiber links, the high-precision two-way time-frequency transmission of the same fiber and the same wave is realized based on the method of mixed coding and co-transmission of time signal and frequency signal, and the effectiveness and output of IRIG-B codec module are verified. On the basis of reliability, a time synchronization accuracy of 1ns and a delay jitter of 17 ps are achieved. The experimental results show that the scheme proposed in this paper can effectively compensate the time delay and jitter caused by temperature changes in long-distance optical fiber time-frequency transmission.

Beginning with the theoretical model of lock-in of ring laser gyro, through the study of the relationship between the lock-in, backscatter and beam intensity, the characteristic of the lock-in signal contained in the laser beam signal is analyzed. The filtering circuit and signal extraction algorithm are designed. Through the precise control of sampling time, multiple order filtering and coordinate transform tracking, lock-in signal is extracted from beam intensity signal and controlled. It is important to take measures to suppress integrated backscatter and give full play to the performance of optical devices. It can decrease the bias drift on long time and improve the bias stability of gyro.

In the field of computer vision, deep learning has always been a good performance.Target detection method based on deep learning has great potential in infrared image detection and recognition. For the changeable scene of infrared image, large scale variation range and insufficient available features, in this paper, a kind of Dense-yolov5 network structure is proposed, which combines the characteristics of DenseNet network and Yolov5 network, based on the idea of making full use of features to protect the edge of the target. The unit module in Yolov5s is replaced with the user-defined dense connection Denseblock module, and the contrast experiment between Dense-yolov5 network and the original Yolov5 network on the self built infrared data set is carried out. The recall rate, accuracy and mAP value of each target detection are improved by the improved Dense-yolov5 network, and the mAP is improved by 1.92%, recall rate is 1.59% and precision is 0.99%. The detection results show that the network has better recognition effect for infrared targets, especially for small targets with unclear features, and has great value for infrared target recognition and tracking in the future military field.

In order to deal with the increasingly severe battlefield electromagnetic interference environment, the airborne BDS/INS ultra-tight integrated navigation system's anti-interference performance indicators is analyzed. Firstly, the technical mechanism of BDS/INS ultra-tight combination anti-jamming is introduced. Then the error formulas of the PLL tracking loop of satellite navigation system and ultra-tight integrated navigation system are deduced in detail, and the corresponding theoretical formulas are simulated and analyzed. Finally, based on the inertial/satellite integrated navigation signal software simulator, the anti-jamming performance of the airborne BDS/INS ultra-tight integrated system is simulated. The results show that the BDS/INS ultra-tight integrated navigation system can improve the ability of suppressing interference about 9 dB under typical airborne dynamic conditions. The BDS/INS ultra-tight integrated navigation system has good anti-jamming performance improvement effect, and the result provides certain theoretical reference value for the later development of airborne inertial/satellite integrated navigation equipment.

In order to reduce the impact of the probe laser power jitter on the measurement results of the high-precision cold atom interferometer, the acousto-optic modulator is used as the laser intensity feedback medium, and a mixer is used to control the radio frequency power which driving the acousto-optic modulator. By the power stabilization experimental system of the probe laser pulses, it can achieve the rapid power stabilization of the laser pulse during the detection process of the cold atom interferometer.When the power is stabilized, the power stability established time of the laser pulse is on the order of microseconds(us), the power stability is better than [2.11×10-4](within 500 μs), and the long-term stability of the laser power is about [2.47×10-4](in 14 hours), so the power noise of the laser can be effectively suppressed. Theoretically, the influence of the power noise of the probe laser on the interferencephase of the cold atom interferometer can be reduced to [1.38 mrad]. The stability of interference signal is improved to a great entent and the system noise is also reduced.

Super material perfect absorber is very important in the research of refractive index sensor. The finite difference time domain method is used to simulate the surface plasmon structure. According to the impedance matching principle, the parameters of the top layer structure are optimized. The absorption rate of the structure to the light wave is 99.6% , when the wavelength is about 12 micron. The sensitivity of the structure is 4 008 nm/RIU, and the structure can be used to measure the refractive index of gas.