Phosphate glass can adjust its mechanical properties and chemical stability by adjusting its components, making it a promising artificial bone graft material in tissue engineering. In this paper, phosphate glasses with different Ca/Na ratios were designed and prepared. The structure characteristics, thermal properties, mechanical properties and mineralization capacity in simulated body fluid of the glasses with different compositions were studied. The results showed that the increase of Ca/Na ratio could effectively enhance the mechanical properties of glass while improving the chemical stability of glass. It was found that the Ca—O—P bond was formed in the phosphate glass mesh after increasing the Ca/Na ratio, the bending strength of the glass increased by 70.3%, and the Vickers hardness increased by 39.0%. The ion release rate and mineralization rate of glass in simulated body fluid decreased. which made a preliminary exploration for the controllable release of phosphate based bone graft material. This study provided valuable insights into the controlled-release mechanisms of phosphate glass based bone graft materials.

Spodumene glass-ceramic has a wide range of applications in the fields of construction and kitchen utensils due to its excellent thermal expansion and mechanical properties. In this study, glasses with different Li2O/Al2O3 molar replacements were prepared, and the effects of Li2O replacement of Al2O3 on the network structure, crystallization behavior and mechanical properties of the glasses were analyzed using Raman spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and microscopic Vickers hardness testing. The results showed that with the increase of Li2O content, the degree of polymerization of the glass network structure decreased, the crystallization peak temperature (Tp) and glass transition temperature (Tg) both decreased gradually. This was further confirmed by crystallization kinetics analysis, the activation energy of precipitation decreased gradually and the precipitation ability was enhanced. The XRD analysis showed that the increase in the content of Li2O promotes the formation of the spodumene crystal phase. With the increase of Li2O, the Vickers hardness of the base glass decreased from 606 kgf/mm2 to 560 kgf/mm2. However, the hardness of the glass-ceramic samples was significantly improved. This study provided theoretical support and reference for optimizing the composition design and fabrication of spodumene glass-ceramic.

This paper focuses on the hot air and cold air processes of the float glass annealing lehr, and analyzes in detail the differences between them in terms of structure and technology. Structurally, the insulation zone of the cold air process annealing lehr has an inner and outer frame, while the hot air process has no inner frame, and they also have their own characteristics in terms of cotton filling methods and cooling duct selection. Technologically, there are differences in the flow direction of the cooling air, the cooling method in zone B, and the fan air volume. The hot air process uses a mixed hot air circulating counter-flow cooling method in zone B, while the cold air process uses a cold air counter-flow cooling method. Moreover, the hot air process consumes relatively more energy, but the cold air process has certain advantages in the production of ultra-thick glass. Through comprehensive analysis, it is concluded that there is no absolute superiority or inferiority between the two types of annealing lehrs. Glass manufacturers should choose the process according to their own operating habits. At the same time, the two processes can also learn from each other and make improvements to meet the development needs of the glass industry.

An inorganic enamel material with superior chemical corrosion resistance (to acids, alkalis, and wastewater) and aging resistance was successfully developed through optimized enamel formulation design, specifically for enamel-assembled tanks in biomass energy applications. In accordance with the design specifications for assembly tanks, high-strength steels suitable for double-side enameling were selected. Laser cutting was employed for precise hole perforation. The surface was then subjected to sandblast, followed by enameling and firing. The enamel-assembled tank has the characteristics of excellent acid, alkali and sewage resistance, outstanding bond and a long lifetime, making it an ideal corrosion-resistant storage and transportation equipment solution in the field of biomass energy engineering.

The processing and filling of through-holes in glass substrates are crucial technologies for fabrication of high-quality through glass via (TGV), which were essential for the advancement and integration of modern electronic devices. This paper systematically summarized the processing and filling techniques of TGV. The through-hole processing methods discussed include sandblasting, electrochemical discharge machining, glass reflow process, laser ablation, and laser-induced etching. The filling techniques for through-holes encompassed electroplating and conductive paste filling. Considering the current status of TGV processing and filling technologies and their applications in the advanced packaging field, the future development directions of TGV technology were proposed.

With the rapid development of new energy vehicles, the large-scale commercial application of 5G technology, and the popularization of future autonomous driving technology, automotive displays are gradually moving towards multi-screen and artistic curved cover glass. The main processing methods for automotive large curvature display glass covers, including hot bending forming, forced bending, and chemical cold bending processes, had been summarized, and their respective advantages and disadvantages had been analyzed, providing references for related research and industrial applications.

Due to the excellent mechanical properties, chemical stability and bio-activity, fluorcanasite glass-ceramics, as a novel functional material, has attracted widespread attention in fields such as construction, electronics, and biomaterials, demonstrating promising application prospects. This paper provided an overview of the research progress on fluorcanasite glass-ceramics, focusing on their properties, potential applications and existing challenges. It offered references for the further research and application of fluorcanasite glass-ceramics.

The national treasure Yongzi is a craft originating from Baoshan City, Yunnan Province, China, made from locally unique materials such as Huanglong jade and Nanhong agate, through high-temperature melting and handcrafted dotting techniques. Essentially, Yongzi is a high-alkali glass. This study reviewed the microstructural characteristics and vibration spectroscopy research progress of Yongzi, and its raw materials (Baoshan Nanhong agate and Huanglong jade), and looked ahead at future development trends and research directions. By utilizing modern scientific technologies such as Scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy, the physical phenomena and scientific principles involved in the production process of Yongzi can be revealed, providing a scientific basis for its inheritance and innovation.