The national treasure Yongzi is a craft originating from Baoshan City, Yunnan Province, China, made from locally unique materials such as Huanglong jade and Nanhong agate, through high-temperature melting and handcrafted dotting techniques. Essentially, Yongzi is a high-alkali glass. This study reviewed the microstructural characteristics and vibration spectroscopy research progress of Yongzi, and its raw materials (Baoshan Nanhong agate and Huanglong jade), and looked ahead at future development trends and research directions. By utilizing modern scientific technologies such as Scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy, the physical phenomena and scientific principles involved in the production process of Yongzi can be revealed, providing a scientific basis for its inheritance and innovation.