Spodumene glass-ceramic has a wide range of applications in the fields of construction and kitchen utensils due to its excellent thermal expansion and mechanical properties. In this study, glasses with different Li₂O/Al₂O₃ molar replacements were prepared, and the effects of Li₂O replacement of Al₂O₃ on the network structure, crystallization behavior and mechanical properties of the glasses were analyzed using Raman spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and microscopic Vickers hardness testing. The results showed that with the increase of Li₂O content, the degree of polymerization of the glass network structure decreased, the crystallization peak temperature (T_p) and glass transition temperature (T_g) both decreased gradually. This was further confirmed by crystallization kinetics analysis, the activation energy of precipitation decreased gradually and the precipitation ability was enhanced. The XRD analysis showed that the increase in the content of Li₂O promotes the formation of the spodumene crystal phase. With the increase of Li₂O, the Vickers hardness of the base glass decreased from 606 kgf/mm² to 560 kgf/mm². However, the hardness of the glass-ceramic samples was significantly improved. This study provided theoretical support and reference for optimizing the composition design and fabrication of spodumene glass-ceramic.