In the production of float glass processes,changes or fluctuations in the composition of the material side have a significant impact on the quality of the finished glass.By analyzing the data structure of raw materials and compounds contained in raw materials ,determining the amount of various raw materials ,getting the optimal material side closest to the target material side ,the application in the field of float glass material calculation is particularly important and necessary.Through the analysis,it is found that the raw materials and the compounds and target materials contained in the raw materials can be expressed by the coefficient matrix and constant term series vectors of the non-homogeneous linear equation system , respectively , so that the calculation of the amount of each raw material in the optimal material square can be converted into a problem solved by the non-homogeneous linear equation system. It is concluded that when there is a solution to the non- homogeneous linear equation system,the optimal material square can be solved by the non-homogeneous linear equation system. In the case where there is no solution but there is an optimal solution,the optimal material square can be solved by combining a system of non-homogeneous linear equations and the least squares method. This calculation scheme can be widely used in float glass side calculation ,which can not only maintain or improve the accuracy of the material side calculation results ,but also improve the work efficiency of raw material engineers in calculating the material side,thereby generating actual economic benefits.
Copper-base antibacterial glass with high strength ,good transparency ,and excellent antibacterial effect was prepared by dipping 0.55mm flat lithium aluminum silicate glass in a mixture of KNO3 /NaNO3 molten salt as the first step of chemical tempering(IOX1)and KNO3 /NaNO3 /CuSO4 mixed molten salt as the second step of chemical tempering(IOX2). The effect of different ratio of CuSO4 on the antibacterial properties of the glass was investigated. The results showed that the first step was to exchange in the mixed salt with mass ratio w(KNO3)∶ w(NaNO3)was 50∶50 by soaking for 4 hours.In the second step,the mass ratio of mixed salt for ion exchange w(KNO3)∶ w(NaNO3)∶ w(CuSO4)was 90 ∶5 ∶5,and the soaking time was 2.5 hours.Under this process condition ,the excellent antibacterial glass with a surface stress value more than 700 MPa ,a transmittance of over 90% in the visible light region and an antibacterial activity value R ≥ 5 can be obtained.
The structure of natural Ruby was studied by In-situ diffuse reflectance middle infrared spectroscopy.The experiment found that the main infrared absorption modes of ruby include the infrared absorption mode corresponding to the displacement of O2 ? ions in α -Al2O3 molecules towards stationary Al3+ ions (να -Al2O3- -O Al), the infrared absorption mode corresponding to the displacement of O2 ? ions in Cr2O3 molecules towards stationary Cr3+ ions (νCr2O3- -O Cr), the infrared absorption mode corresponding to the displacement of O2 ? ions in Fe2O3 molecules towards stationary Fe3+ ions (νFe2O3- -O Fe),and the infrared absorption mode corresponding to the displacement correspondence between Al3+ ions in α -Al2O3 molecules (να -Al2O3 Al Al )and characteristic infrared absorption mode of gahnite(νZnAl2O4). Ruby structure mainly includes :α -Al2O3 ,Cr2O3 ,Fe2O3 ,and a small amount of coexisting gahnite.In situ diffuse reflectance middle infrared spectroscopy is of great value in studying the structure of small Ruby like minerals.
The iron content in substrate glass affects the glass transmittance.The determination of iron content in substrate glass by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer(ICP-OES)helps stabilize glass quality control. The suitable testing conditions for iron element in the substrate glass were explored from the selection of spectral line wavelength,extraction temperature,extraction reagent selection,and combined with the recovery rate and precision of spiking.
Sodium precipitation in glass wine bottles is one of the persistent problems faced by the glass wine bottle industry for a long time.By summarising the apparent characteristics of the sodium precipitation phenomenon in wine bottles and analysing the elemental composition of the precipitates by atomic emission spectrometer analysis,the influence of the components on the water resistance of glass bottles was investigated. The fixed-point storage experiments show that the temperature of the glass bottles at different points during the removal of the bottles,the packing and loading of the pallets,the temperature and humidity of the environment and the storage time all have an influence on the degree of sodium precipitation of the glass bottles ,and an optimisation plan for the glass storage conditions is proposed,and the location and conditions of the workshop suitable for the storage of the glass bottles,as well as the humidity limit of the storage in the warehouse are found out,so that the normal storage cycle of the bottles reaches more than one month,and the problem of sodium precipitation of glass bottles in the company is basically solved. The normal storage cycle of glass bottles is more than one month ,which basically solves the problem of sodium precipitation of glass bottles in our company. The research results provide an important reference to overcome the problem of sodium precipitation in glass bottles and prolong the normal storage period of their products.
Hydrogen is regarded as an ideal energy source because of its high energy density and no carbon,and combustion is one of the important ways of hydrogen energy utilization.By analyzing the combustion characteristics of hydrogen,it was concluded that there were three technical difficulties in the application of hydrogen replacing traditional energy sources in glass melting,including invisible flame shape,more foam on the glass surface and weak flame radiation penetration.For these three aspects,computational fluid dynamics (CFD)analysis method,changing the flame atmosphere,and adding cullet to the flame were used to compensate for the defects of hydrogen combustion in glass melting.
Based on years of the reliable and historical data ,statistical analysis was used to obtain the key elements of colorless and transparent glassware decolorization quality level assurance ,the ways to reduce melting energy consumption in natural gas furnaces,and the solutions for adjusting decolorant dosage adopted in the process of energy performance improvement,respectively. This analysis idea and method can be used for reference by related enterprises,and the valuable reference for the related glassware manufactures to develop out the better proper methods to carry out the product quality improvement and the energy consumption performance increase.
Based on the needs of processing generation and characteristics in the automatic processing line of LCD substrate glass ,the enterprises have selected their own appropriate end face processing technologies, continuously upgraded and improved production capacity.Systematically discussed the different classifications of end face processing technologies applicable to the field of substrate glass processing,the effects of key materials on processing quality,and the research and exploration of the influences of adjustment of processing parameters on processing quality. As a result,in during the grinding process,the grinding wheel serves as a key material, and the diamond particle size plays a decisive role in the roughness of the finished substrates.In addition,the adjustment of processing parameters and the resolution of defect problems in production also have significant effects on processing quality.
Modern art decoration has become a key component. of architectural design. Architectural decorative enamel panels have both good structural strength and high cultural and artistic appreciation value,and are widely used in modern architectural decoration and modeling design. With the integration of architectural enamel panel and graphic design ,it details the application and development of decorative techniques such as traditional printing technology,ink-jet printing,screen printing and laser printing on architectural enamel panels.