The interest in dynamic modulation of light by ultra-thin materials exhibiting insulator–metal phase transition, such as VO2, has rapidly grown due to the myriad industrial applications, including smart windows and optical limiter

Artificial neural networks have shown great proficiency in transforming low-resolution microscopic images into high-resolution images. However, training data remains a challenge, as large-scale open-source databases of microscopic

Photoacoustic endomicroscopy combined with ultrasound (PAEM-US) has been a long-standing expectation for gastrointestinal tumor examination. Here, we introduce a prototype disposable PAEM-US catheter and corresponding power interf

The spectral domain interferometer (SDI) has been widely used in dimensional metrology. Depending on the nature of the SDI, both wider spectral bandwidth and narrower linewidth of the light source are paradoxically required to ach

Raman fiber lasers (RFLs) have broadband tunability due to cascaded stimulated Raman scattering, providing extensive degrees of freedom for spectral manipulation. However, the spectral diversity of RFLs depends mainly on the wavel

As Moore’s law has reached its limits, it is becoming increasingly difficult for traditional computing architectures to meet the demands of continued growth in computing power. Photonic neural computing has become a promising appr

Dynamic beam steering with unlimited angular range and fast speed remains a challenge in the terahertz gap, which is urgently needed for next-generation target tracking, wireless communications, and imaging applications. Different

High-order Bessel beams are of great interest for most stable long-range optical quantum communications due to their unique nondiffraction, self-healing, and orbital angular-momentum-carrying capabilities. Until now, metasurfaces

Full-color micro-LED displays are being widely developed and regarded as a primary option in current microdisplay technologies to fulfill the urgent demands of metaverse applications in the next decade. In this paper, a monolithic

In this paper, we present an approach called the free lens modulation (FLM) method to generate high-perfection 3D generalized perfect optical vortices (GPOVs) with topological charges of 1–80. In addition, 2D and 3D GPOVs were pro

Structured optical fields embedded with polarization singularities (PSs) have attracted extensive attention due to their capability to retain topological invariance during propagation. Many advances in PS research have been made o

With the development of controllable quantum systems, fast and practical characterization of multi-qubit gates has become essential for building high-fidelity quantum computing devices. The usual way to fulfill this requirement vi

Metallic nanoplasmonics, due to its extremely small size and ultrafast speed, has been one of the key components for next-generation information technology. It is vital that the highly tunable nanoplasmonic system in the solid sta

Optically transparent microwave absorbing metasurfaces have shown great potential and are needed in multiple applications environments containing optical windows owing to their ability to reduce backscattering electromagnetic (EM)

Characterization of the state of polarization (SOP) of ultrafast laser emission is relevant in several application fields such as field manipulation, pulse shaping, testing of sample characteristics, and biomedical imaging. Nevert