Based on SBIR/STTR projects, an analysis of the development of laser weapons in the United States is conducted in this paper. By reviewing publicly available SBIR/STTR projects from 2016 to 2023, a total of 98 laser weapon-related technologies are summarized and selected. Combined with US military testing and integration reports, the analysis indicates that Acquisition, Tracking, and Pointing (ATP) related technologies, laser-related technologies, and transmission/environmental measurement are the focal points of the US laser weapon system development. In-depth analysis of the project metrics are also conducted in relation to publicly known U.S. laser weapon projects, with a focus on submarine-based laser weapons and U.S. LLD laser weapon system metrics. Through the tracking and analysis of SBIR/STTR laser-related projects, the development strategy and approaches to technical issues of US laser weapons are summarized, providing information support for the development and problem-solving solutions of relevant technologies in the country.

With the development of infrared technology, infrared cameras are more and more used in military, security, medicine, agriculture and other fields. Since infrared scenes have the characteristics of large differences in infrared radiation, infrared cameras are usually required to have a perfect imaging performance of high dynamic range, in order to adapt to the needs of various scenes. This paper introduces the basic principle of typical high dynamic range infrared imaging technologyreported in the past 20 years and their characteristics. This paper also predicts the development trend of-high dynamic range infrared imaging technologyin the future period based on the current development status of it.

Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL) is the critical component of optical quantum instruments including atomic magnetometers and atomic clocks. The stability of the VCSEL's output laser significantly impacts key parameters, such as the measurement accuracy and sensitivity of these instruments. This paper introduces a VCSEL digital drive circuit with ZYNQ7010 FPGA as a controller, which uses the XTR111 chip to supply the high-stability current required by the VCSEL, and controls the semiconductor cooler (TEC) integrated inside the VCSEL to realize high-precision temperature control through the MAX1978 chip. The experimental result shows that the designed drive circuit can output linearly adjustable current range from 0 mA to 2 mA, with an adjustment accuracy better than 0.04 mA. Additionally, the temperature control accuracy of the TEC is better than 0.1 ℃. Finally, at a driving current of 1.325 mA and an operating temperature of 63 ℃, the VCSEL exhibits minimal drift, with the maximum output power and wavelength drifts measuring 0.001 mW and 0.004 nm, respectively. This digital drive circuit meets the requirements of light source driving for high-precision measuring instruments such as atomic magnetometers.

The laser anti-UAV system is a direct energy system that uses high-power laser energy to converge onto the target for destruction. The current demand for anti-UAV systems in portable task scenarios is increasing. Due to the weight and volume of high-power laser systems, it is not easy to execute portable task scenarios. This article presents the system design of a portable laser anti-UAV system and research on a portable laser anti-UAV system that can be carried by teams and disassembled. This article adopts a design method that combines lightweight and compact spindle tracking with large stroke precision tracking, and based on an air-cooled heat dissipation laser, realizes the design of a 2000 W portable laser anti-UAV system. In order to verify the performance of the portable system, static damage experiments, tracking experiments, dynamic strike experiments, and portable performance tests were conducted. A 2000 W portable laser system with a total weight of less than 160 kg, capable of disassembling into four single modules weighing less than 40 kilograms, suitable for two people to carry and transport. In the field experiment, the time to penetrate the 2 mm thick stainless steel plate at a distance of 300 m was 12 s, respectively. The dynamic strike UAV can be shot down in 9 s. The experimental results show that the designed laser anti-UAV system has portable performance and can be applied to the anti-UAV task scenario.

In order to investigate the influence of micro groove arrays on the wettability of TC4(Ti6Al4V) titanium alloy surface, microgroove machining is carried out on the surface of titanium alloy using picosecond laser. Orthogonal experiments are designed and regression analysis is performed to study the relationship between laser parameters and groove size and morphology. Through single factor experiments, the effects of changes in groove width, groove depth, and groove spacing on the water contact angle of titanium alloy surfaces are studied. It is found that within a certain range, larger groove width and depth, and smaller spacing can enhance the hydrophobicity of the titanium alloy surface.

The recognition of three-dimensional semantic information in power scenes is the foundation and key to its subsequent fine-grained management. However, due to the complexity of ground structure information and diverse textures in power scenes, it brings certain difficulties and challenges to its fine-grained understanding and recognition. In this paper, a semantic segmentation method based on improved RandLA Net for power scene point clouds is proposed, which improves the performance of the model by introducing feature expansion and separation pooling operations. And the actual performance of this method is tested on a power dataset and compared with existing semantic segmentation methods. The results show that this method has strong advantages in accuracy and efficiency. and in a comprehensive comparison, it improves the overall accuracy and the average intersection and merger ratio values by 2.64 and 2.9 over the cutting-edge RandLA-Net (Random Sampling and Local Feature Aggregator Network), which verifies the effectiveness of the method.

The current method mostly adopts a single sensing temperature parameter for compensation, without distinguishing the different temperature parameters of each sensor, resulting in a poor compensation effect. In this regard, a temperature drift compensation method for laser gyroscopes with improved radial basis functions is proposed. Firstly, wavelet decomposition is used to decompose the drift signal of the laser gyroscope containing noise, and the wavelet coefficients of each scale are calculated and corrected to obtain the reconstructed non-interference temperature sensing signal. Then, by using values such as pulse vector and assembly error matrix, the laser gyroscope accelerometer is measured to distinguish the temperature parameters of each sensor. The self-organized feature mapping network is used to classify the laser gyro output parameters, and the radial basis function neural network transformation function is selected to calculate the error reduction rate of each temperature sensor parameter. Finally, the radial basis function neural network is trained with the orthogonal least squares algorithm to complete the temperature drift compensation of the laser gyroscope. Through experiments, it is proved that the proposed method for temperature drift compensation of laser gyroscopes has good performance, stable output, and can enhance the performance of high-precision navigation, positioning, orientation and other equipment.

In this paper, the effect of laser decontamination of the oxidized layer on the surface of stainless-steel metals commonly used in nuclear power plants is analyzed by numerical simulation, and the results show that decontamination of radioactive components is achieved by removing the dense oxidized layer on the surface of the material. A finite element model of laser decontamination is established by simulating the double-layer structure of the metal material and the Gaussian heat source of laser decontamination. The analytical results show that the continuous laser is not applicable to radioactive surface decontamination due to the obvious thermal accumulation effect. In order to evaluate the effectiveness and applicability of decontamination, the decontamination threshold and damage threshold indicators are proposed, and it is necessary to ensure that the substrate does not melt while considering the decontamination effect. According to the simulation study of pulsed laser decontamination, the effects of laser power and scanning speed on the ablation depth and substrate temperature are basically have a linear relationship on the ablation depth and temperature of the substrate, but the rate of temperature change increases during the enhancement of thermal cumulative effect, and the different lap rates have a greater impact on the decontamination surface morphology.

Due to the shape, size, distance and other factors of the target object, the feature information in the LiDAR echo signal is distributed at different scales, and the signal undergoes multipath effects, which leads to the signal phase distortion and superposition, making the idea of relying solely on wavelet thresholding to enhance the overall echo signal too simple. Moreover, the nonlinearity of the signal also affects the effectiveness of signal enhancement. In this paper, a multi-scale enhancement method for LiDAR echo signals based on the CEEMDAN joint wavelet threshold algorithm is proposed. Firstly, a morphological filter is used to remove intermittent events such as pulses and intermittency from the LiDAR echo signal. Then, based on the above processing results, the CEEMDAN algorithm is used to implement effective scale decomposition of the LiDAR echo signal to effectively decompose the complex nonlinear signal into several IMF components, and to improve the accuracy of signal processing. Finally, the correlation coefficient index is used to obtain the IMF thresholds between the noise and the signals in the echo signal, and the wavelet thresholding algorithm is used to denoise the dominant IMF components, and the multi-scale enhancement of the signal is realized according to the processing results. The experimental results show that the signal denoising effect is good and the enhancement performance is high when the echo signal enhancement is carried out using this method.

In view of the demand of antireflection performance of titanium alloy optical device surface in aerospace field, the antireflection micro-nano structure of TC4 titanium alloy surface is prepared by femtosecond pulsed laser in this experiment. Firstly, the effects of laser monopulse energy density and the number of pulse subpulses on the surface reflectivity and micromorphology of TC4 titanium alloy are investigated by means of 0°and 90° cross-scanning of the sample by pulsed laser direct writing method, so as to avoid the surface hardness of titanium alloy from changing due to the thermal effect of processing, and to treat the samples by means of different modalities. The reflectance of TC4 titanium alloy samples is measured by spectrophotometer, and the microstructure of the samples is observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that when the energy density of the laser is 1.27 J/cm2, the scanning speed is 300 mm/s, the scanning distance is 0.0015 mm, and the number of pulses subpulses is 1, the average reflectance of the sample reaches less than 1.70 % in the visible wavelength band (400 nm~780 nm), and the reflectance reaches less than 1.30 % at the wavelength of 300 nm. The results of this experiment can provide some guidance for the suppression of stray light on the surface of important devices such as the shutter and the position marker of satellite camera.

The technology of digitizing analogue signals and digital signal-based intelligence by integrating an analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) into an infrared focal plane readout circuit is currently the most advanced infrared focal plane digitizing technology in the world. As the core component of the digital readout circuit, the performance index of ADC directly affects the overall circuit performance. The system architecture of ADC can be divided into chip-level ADC, Column level ADC and pixel level ADC, Column-level ADC is currently the most widely used structure in the infrared focal plane. According to the requirement of ADC for column-level digital read-out circuit, a second-order feed-forward incremental Sigma-Delta ADC is designed with a supply voltage of 1.8 V, an ADC conversion rate of 26 kS/s, a quantization accuracy of 14 bit, and a power consumption of less than 100 W for a single ADC. The circuit design is carried out by CMOS process, and the simulation results show that the designed incremental Sigma-Delta ADC can meet the system design specifications.

In this paper, the effects of mercury vapor pressure on the surface morphology, dislocation density, crystal quality and electrical properties of CdTe materials are investigated by varying the amount of mercury used for annealing of CdTe materials. It is found that after annealing at three times the normal mercury amount, the surface morphology is flat, the roughness (Ra) reaches 0.235 nm, and the crystal mass decreases to a minimum of 44.7 arcsec dislocation density to 7.1×104 cm2. The Hall test results show that the material has been completely transformed to N-type.

Sulfuryl fluoride (SO2F2) is a representative early decomposition product of SF6, and accurate quantitative analysis of SO2F2 can effectively predict potential faults in electrical equipment, thereby preventing equipment damage and maintaining the safe and stable operation of the power system. Therefore, the rapid and highly sensitive detection of SO2F2 is of great importance. To this end, a highly sensitive SO2F2 gas photoacoustic sensor system for SO2F2 gas based on the mid-infrared wavelength band is developed, which combines a miniature resonant photoacoustic cell with a QCL laser, enabling high-sensitivity photoacoustic detection of SO2F2 for the first time in the side peak absorption band at a central wavelength of 1511 cm-1. The results show that the photoacoustic system has a responsivity of 63.32 mV/ppm and a minimum detection limit of up to 1.7 ppb when the integration time is 13s.

Atmospheric turbulence seriously affects the imaging quality of airborne television imaging systems. In this paper, an analysis is conducted on the imaging mechanism of optical signal transmission for targets and backgrounds, and a Minimum Distinguishable Contrast (MRC)-based television imaging system acquisition range model is established, which includes atmospheric turbulence effects. The basic theory of atmospheric turbulence is analyzed, and the atmospheric refractive index structure constant suitable for helicopter borne television imaging systems is obtained. A calculation method for atmospheric coherent diameter is provided, and a modulation transfer function for atmospheric turbulence is established. Taking a certain type of helicopter borne television imaging system as an example, the influence of atmospheric turbulence on the acquisition range of the television imaging system is simulated and analyzed. The simulation results show that the atmospheric turbulence effect seriously reduces the acquisition range performance of the helicopter borne televisioin imaging system. The research results can provide a reference for the demonstration of the acquisition range index of helicopter borne television imaging systems, and improve the accuracy of indicator demonstration.

Space servo system can be used to increase the efficiency of payload use and the lifetime of on-board satellites and be used in the fields of space observation, space early warning and situation awareness, but it is limited by factors such as weight and rotation range. In this paper, a type of three linear actuator servo mechanisms is proposed. The two ends of the linear actuator are connected with the space instrument and the satellite platform through a ball hinge. The rotation of the servo system is achieved through the extension and shortening of different electric actuators. Different rotation ranges are obtained by changing the travel of linear actuator. The degrees of freedom of the triple-actuator servo system are solved, and the 60° rotation range of the triple-actuator servo system is designed in combination with reality. The unlocking mechanism is added to meet the requirements of the mechanical properties. And the thermal adaptability of the system is analyzed, and it is proved that it can be used as a star-carrying interface. The results show that the three linear actuator servo mechanisms can be used in space environment, and it has a larger rotation range and is lighter in weight. It can carry out space target search and tracking and can complete and replace previous tasks that require satellite maneuvering and attitude adjustment, saving satellite fuel.

The method of combining numerical simulation and experiment is adopted for the optical system of a high-power direct writing device, and the heat dissipation structure of a lens barrel is designed. The thermal analysis and stress-strain analysis of the structure of the optical system were carried out by finite element analysis software, and the analysis results showed that the laser power of the optical system was 100 W, and the highest surface temperature of the lens barrel made of SUS304 and AL6061 was concentrated in the area near the prism box, with a maximum temperature of 59.016 ℃, and the overall temperature uniformity and heat dissipation performance were poor. The test results show that when the heat dissipation system is working normally, the overall temperature difference of the system is only 0.99 ℃, which meets the requirements of temperature uniformity, and the DMD calibration error is less than 15 m and the center position drifts in the same direction, which meets the technical index requirements of less than 20 m, which is conducive to the image stitching when the system is exposed, and verifies the effectiveness of the heat dissipation design.

Raman LiDAR is a highly accurate method for detecting atmospheric water vapor. Sounding data are often used for calibration and comparative analysis of Raman lidar inversions of water vapour, but sounding data have limitations in time and space, and the calibration and inversion of Raman lidar are restricted when sounding data are not available. The ERA5 reanalysis data have a higher similarity to sounding data, and the temporal and spatial resolution is higher than that of sounding data. The applicability of ERA5 water vapor mixing ratio data in Anhui is analyzed and the results show that the water-vapour mixing ratios of the ERA5 data and the sounding data at two sounding stations in Anhui correlate well with each other, and the overall deviation is small. Therefore, in Hefei where there is no radiosonde data, the ERA5 reanalysis data is selected as the reference data to calibrate the water vapor mixing ratio retrieved by Raman LiDAR. The calibration constant is substituted into the inversion formula of the water-vapor mixing ratio, and the vertical profile of water vapor mixing ratio at height is obtained. The inversion results are compared with the water vapor mixing ratio profile of Hefei obtained by the data interpolation of the radiosonde station, and the relative error is about -15 %~7 % at the altitude of 0.5 km ~1.5 km. The results show that the water vapor mixing ratio obtained by Raman LiDAR is in good agreement with the water vapor mixing ratio obtained by the data interpolation of the radiosonde station, which verifies the feasibility of ERA5 data for calibration of water vapor mixing ratio retrieved by Raman LiDAR.

Given that infrared pedestrian-vehicle images are difficult to detect due to their low resolution, poor quality, and high noise, an infrared image pedestrian and vehicle target detection algorithm based on YOLOV8 is proposed, namely PSWG-YOLO. For the YOLOv8n network, a 160×160 maximum feature map P2 is added to improve the model's detection ability of pedestrian small targets. At the same time, the SPD-Conv part is used to replace the stride-2 convolutional layer of the original network to improve the feature extraction capability of low-resolution images. In addition, the loss function is replaced with WIoU to optimize the model's processing of low-quality images. Finally, the Ghost module is introduced to reduce model complexity. The experimental results show that the improved PSWG-YOLO algorithm significantly reduces the model volume and parameter amount while ensuring high detection accuracy. Compared with the original YOLOv8n algorithm, the P, R, and mAP@0.5 on the public infrared data set FLIR~~v2 are increased by 1.6 %, 6.3 %, and 7.2 % respectively, and the number of parameters is reduced by 16 %, and the model size is reduced by 15.8 %, which improves the accuracy of the pedestrian-vehicle detection in infrared scenarios and is easy to deploy.

During the process of autonomous vehicle driving, it is not only necessary to complete motion planning and achieve pedestrian recognition, but also to implement higher precision multi-target tracking. A pedestrian recognition and multi-target tracking algorithm integrating multiple sensors is proposed to address the issues of slow response speed and poor target tracking accuracy in autonomous vehicle driving. Using the Lattice algorithm for path planning, the optimal driving trajectory is obtained through loss function and collision detection. The obstacle position detected by the sensor is converted to the global coordinate system, and Gaussian distribution is drawn on the global grid map. The visible pedestrian is initially determined through threshold. And a multi-objective tracking occlusion processing algorithm is designed based on the detection and tracking strategy to achieve motion estimation of occluded targets in autonomous vehicles. Quantitative, qualitative, and ablation studies on the multi target tracking challenge dataset validate the effectiveness of the algorithm. The experimental results show that the algorithm can accurately estimate the target motion during occlusion and generate complete, high-quality motion trajectories.

The equivalently construction of the simulation scenes based on the measured data from typical environmental scenarios yields greater accuracy and realism than traditional radiosity-based simulation model construction. Concurrently, the feature library generated in the process of equivalent construction process can further support the verification of simulation models. Nonetheless, the persistent challenge of decoupling targets from backgrounds during scene construction has been a pivotal obstacle impeding fidelity enhancement. To this end, a novel background decoupling technique that synergizes the enhanced YOLOv8 with the Criminisi algorithm is introduced in this paper. The process begins with the precise extraction of the target mask utilizing YOLOv8. Subsequently, the refined Criminisi algorithm is employed to reconstruct the background while preserving structural integrity. Ultimately, the Poisson blending algorithm is applied to amalgamate the target and background, thereby augmenting the simulation scene's realism. Experimental results demonstrate that the simulation environment crafted via this methodology exhibits a higher resemblance to actual captured images, effectively resolving issues related to the singularity of scene targets and the diminished realism in the real-time rendering of simulation scenes.

In order to investigate the transmission capability of hollow-core fibers for nanosecond pulsed lasers, 1064 nm pulsed laser transmission experiments are carried out using a Kagome-type anti-resonant hollow-core fiber. The core diameter of the fiber is 60um and the numerical aperture is 0.02. Using an electro-optic Q-modulated laser with a central wavelength of 1064 nm and a pulse width of 8.4 ns as the light source, the beam pattern and energy transfer effect of the fiber in nanosecond pulsed laser transmission are tested. The results show that the hollow-core optical fiber is capable of stably transmitting nanosecond pulses of 10.25 mJ with transmission efficiency as high as 88 % while maintaining the fundamental mode. In addition, the damage mechanism process of high-power pulsed laser on the hollow-core fiber is systematically analyzed. The results show that the Kagome-type anti-resonant hollow-core fiber is capable of transmitting 10 mJ nanosecond pulses in the 1064 nm band and can be used as a flexible light source for applications such as laser-triggered vacuum switching technology.