In this paper, the current research of an underwater optical wireless communication (UWOC) network is reviewed first. A hybrid laser diode (LD) and light-emitting diode (LED)-based UWOC system is then proposed and investigated, in

One fast simulation method using Markov chains was introduced to simulate angular, energy, and temporal characteristics of pulsed laser beam propagation underwater. Angular dispersion of photons with a different number of collisio

A 50 Gb/s four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) system across the water–air–water interface is demonstrated in practice. In practical scenarios, laser beam misalignment due t

This Letter investigates the performance of the two-way multi-hop system for underwater optical wireless communications. With the decode-and-forward (DF) relaying, the two-way multi-hop system is modeled, where the effects of abso

We systematically investigate the bubble-induced performance degradation for underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) with different bubble sizes and positions. By using different transmit and receive diversities, we inves

Foreseeing the proliferation of underwater vehicles and sensors, underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) is a key enabler for ocean exploration, with strong competitiveness in short-range bandwidth-intensive applications.

The received signal intensity fluctuation and communication performance of an underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) system under the air bubble effects are experimentally investigated. For different bubble density and s

The growing number of underwater activities is giving momentum to the development of new technologies, such as buoys, remotely operated vehicles, and autonomous underwater vehicles. The data collected by these vehicles need to be

In this work, a blue gallium nitride (GaN) micro-light-emitting-diode (micro-LED)-based underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) system was built, and UWOCs with varied Maalox, chlorophyll, and sea salt concentrations were

Underwater visible light communication (UVLC) is expected to act as an alternative candidate in next-generation underwater 5G wireless optical communications. To realize high-speed UVLC, the challenge is the absorption, scattering

In this paper, recent advances in underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) are reviewed for both LED- and LD-based systems, mainly from a perspective of advanced modulation formats. Volterra series-based nonlinear equalize

Conventional line-of-sight underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) links suffer from huge signal fading in the presence of oceanic turbulence due to misalignment, which is caused by variations in the refractive index in t

A vapor cell provides a well-controlled and stable inner atmosphere for atomic sensors, such as atomic gyroscopes, atomic magnetometers, and atomic clocks, and its hermeticity affects the stability and aging of atomic sensors. We

The impulse response for a phase-change material Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST)-based photodetector integrated with a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguide is simulated using finite difference time domain method. The current is calculated by solv

A complex-coefficient microwave photonic filter with continuous tunability is proposed and demonstrated, which has a compact structure and stable performance without splitting the optical path and tuning the polarization state. By

High-rate techniques, such as optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and color shift keying (CSK), have been proposed for visible light communication (VLC). To fully exploit their advantages, in this Letter, we

Inspired by recent rapid deep learning development, we present a convolutional-neural-network (CNN)-based algorithm to predict orbital angular momentum (OAM) mode purity in optical fibers using far-field patterns. It is found that

Using the few-mode erbium-doped fiber (FM-EDF) with a simple two-layer erbium-doped structure, we demonstrate an all-fiber FM-EDF amplifier. The gain equalization among the six spatial modes supported by the FM-EDF is achieved whe

Using a heavily erbium-doped aluminosilicate fiber prepared by the sol-gel method combined with high temperature sintering, the temperature dependence of the spectrum around the 1.55 nm band and single-mode fiber laser properties

Particle ejection is an important process during laser-induced exit surface damage in fused silica. Huge quantities of ejected particles, large ejection velocity, and long ejection duration make this phenomenon difficult to be dir

Phosphor in glass (PiG) employing Ce:Y3Al5O12 (YAG)-doped boro-bismuthate glass via low-temperature co-sintering technology was successfully prepared, using Bi2O3-B2O3-ZnO glass as the base material. The photoluminescence (PL) of

Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) has gained increasing research interest worldwide from both academic and industrial communities, because of its high bandwidth, compact antennas, low latency, cost-effectiveness, an