In the process of high-harmonic generation with a Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) mode, it was well established that the topological charge could be of an N-fold increase due to angular momentum conservation. Here, by mimicking the effect

This Letter demonstrates the effectiveness of a high-speed high-resolution photonic analog-to-digital converter (PADC) for wideband signal detection. The PADC system is seeded by a high-speed actively mode locked laser, and the sa

A mode field adapter (MFA) fabricated by the thermal expanded core (TEC) technique is investigated. Firstly, the mode field characteristics of the TEC large mode area fiber (LMAF) are analyzed. Compared with the single-mode fiber

We have proposed and developed a design method of a freeform surfaces (FFSs) based hyper-numerical-aperture deep ultraviolet (DUV) projection objective (PO) with low aberration. With an aspheric initial configuration, lens-form pa

This Letter demonstrates a novel lateral shear interferometer system for simultaneous measurement of three-dimensional (3D) shape and thickness of transparent objects. Multi-frequency fringe patterns can be created by tilting mirr

A simple technique is proposed for highly-efficient plane processing fully based on femtosecond laser beam shaping. The laser intensity distribution is transformed from a Gaussian to a donut shape. As the donut-shaped focus seems

We report a double Q-switched 946 nm laser with a magnesium-oxide-doped LiNbO3 (MgO:LN) electro-optic (EO) crystal and a monolayer molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2) saturable absorber (SA). A pulsed laser diode side-pumped long neodym

We propose, design, and realize a compact stabilized laser system that can be tuned within 24 GHz automatically. This laser system consists of two distributed feedback (DFB) lasers, one of which is reference and locked to the D2 l

A self-starting simple structured dual-wavelength passively mode-locked (ML) erbium-doped fiber (EDF) laser is proposed in this Letter. An all-fiber ring cavity is adopted and a transmission-type semiconductor saturable absorber i

We propose and simulate a method for generating a three-dimensional (3D) optical cage in the vicinity of focus by focusing a double-ring shaped radially and azimuthally polarized beam. Our study shows that the combination of an in

Ellipsometry is a powerful and well-established optical technique used in the characterization of materials. It works by combining the components of elliptically polarized light in order to draw information about the optical syste

With the increasing output power of the monolithic fiber laser oscillators, the stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) effect becomes one of the main limitations of power scaling. Employing fiber with a larger mode area is an effective

We demonstrate a system for measuring the ocular axial length (AL) with high sensitivity and high speed using spectral-domain low-coherence interferometry (SD-LCI). To address the limit in measuring such a large range by using SD-

Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) has been used to characterize the spatial and quantitative features of lipid-rich atherosclerotic plaques with high sensitivity and specificity. In this Letter, we first validate that the ultra-low temp

We propose four-level phase pair encoding and decoding with single interferometric phase retrieval for holographic data storage. Inherent with phase pair encoding, phase shifting is generated by assigning a certain phase differenc

Calcium fluoride is widely used in optical lithography lenses and causes retardation that cannot be ignored. However, few studies have been conducted to compensate for the retardation caused by calcium fluoride in optical lithogra

We propose a plasmonic sensor with variable refractive index (RI), which exhibits high sensitivity and extraordinary optical transmission (EOT). Its variable RI is attributed to its dielectric layers and metallic slit arrays. Acco

The intensities of fluorescence spectral lines of Ca atoms and Sr atoms in two different hollow cathode lamps (HCLs) are measured by element-balance-detection technology. In the wavelength range of 350–750 nm in the visible spectr

We demonstrate a simple technique to filter out the continuum background in filament-induced remote breakdown spectroscopy. By inserting a polarizer before the detector, the continuum background was reduced by more than 42% in fil