We propose and experimentally demonstrate mutual optical format conversion between signals characterized as 10-Gb/s nonreturn-to-zero on-off-keying (NRZ-OOK) and NRZ binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) types. The conversion is based

Multilevel photon combined with binary pulse position modulation (BPPM) (Manchester pulsed signals), is introduced in this letter. Initially, error probability derivation and explanation for four-level photon communications with t

A novel method of measuring non-uniform strain along a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) using optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. This method can overcome the problems of traditional

An optimal power distribution analysis for an all-optical sampling orthagonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme with multiple modulation formats including differential phase shift keyed (DPSK), differential quadrature

Real-time video streaming using ultra-wideband (UWB) technology is experimentally demonstrated along long-reach passive optical networks (LR-PONs) with different wired and wireless reaches. Experimental tests using external and di

A two-dimensional (2D) optical true-time delay (TTD) beam-forming system using a compact fiber grating prism (FGP) for a planar phased array antenna (PAA) is proposed. The optical beam-forming system mainly consists of a TTD unit

Noise reduction is one of the most important concerns in electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI). According to partial differential equation (PDE) filtering theory, we present an anisotropic PDE noise-reduction model base

We report the fabrication and optical characterization of spherical whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonators made from ultraviolet (UV)-curable adhesive. The fabricated microspheres have good sphericity and surface smoothness, and

Using a well-developed transient photocurrent model, we combine theoretical and numerical studies on the production of terahertz (THz) radiation in laser-induced air plasma. Air molecules are excited and then ionized by the laser-

The transmission and negative refractive index (NRI) of metal–dielectric–metal sandwiched metamaterials perforated with different filling media of holes are numerically studied. Results indicate that filling the appropriate medium

A nonlinear hybrid plasmonic slot waveguide composed of periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) and two separated silver films is investigated. The effective refractive index, propagation length, and energy confinement of the hy

A method is presented for in situ resolution calibration of multiple feedback interferometers (MFIs) using two lasers with different feedback levels simultaneously. The laser with weak optical feedback level generates half-wavelen

A slanted columnar TiO2 sculptured anisotropic thin film is prepared using the glancing angle deposition (GLAD) technique. We extend the inference regarding the optical properties of a uniaxial birefringent film based on theoretic

We experimentally demonstrate a simple modulation-free scheme for offset locking the frequency of a laser using buffer gas-induced resonance. Our scheme excludes the limitation of low diffraction efficiency and laser input intensi

Population ratios between excited states are measured to build the excited state Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (ESFADOF). We calculate these values between the excited states according to the spontaneous transition p

A high-precision automatic state monitoring and abnormity alarm technique is proposed to solve the process improvement issues of fiber-optic coil winding and splicing. Industrial cameras are used to capture optical and hot images

We successfully synthesize four kinds of ZnO nano/microcrystals including dumbbell microrods, nanoflakes, nanoplates, and microrods by a simple wet chemical method. Growth duration is found to play a crucial role in the morphologi

Visible light communication between light emitting diode (LED) traffic lights and vehicles with a receiving photodiode front-end is developed for intelligent transportation systems. In this letter, the communication data rates for

An approach for determining cirrus height with multiple scattering effect using data from a Mie scattering lidar is proposed. We compute the exact extinction coefficients of cirrus via altitude. The regulated height of cirrus is o

We fabricate a buried channel waveguide in neodymium-doped phosphate glass using a double line approach by femtosecond laser writing. Raman spectra reveal an expansion of the glass network in the laser irradiated region. Given the

The fabricated gratings used for an 800-nm compressed laser pulse have more than 90% diffraction efficiency in the –1st order for TE polarization within 760–860 nm, and the maximum value is 94.3%. The laserinduced damage threshold

We theoretically demonstrate the imaging properties of a complex two-dimensional (2D) face-centered square lattice photonic crystal (PC) made from germanium cylinders in air background. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) met

Unintentionally doped AlGaN thin films are grown on c-plane (0001) sapphire substrate by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition, and low-temperature AlN is deposited onto sapphire substrate used as a buffer layer. AlGaN metal-sem