Fig. 1. SiPh-CA conceptual diagram.

Fig. 2. SiPh IC-TROSA. (a) The sub-silicon photonic coherent transceiver structure, in which only the devices labeled with dark colors function. (b) The microscope image of a silicon photonic coherent transceiver chip. (c) The highly compact SiPh IC-TROSA integrates a silicon coherent transceiver chip, a driver chip, and two TIA chips inside.

Fig. 3. Experimental diagram. AWG, arbitrary waveform generator; ICT, integration coherent transmitter; EDFA, erbium-doped fiber amplifier; PC, polarization controller; PBS, polarization beam splitter; ICR, integration coherent receiver; TIA, trans-impedance amplifier; DSO, digital storage oscilloscope; τ, symbol time width. In them, the ICT and ICR are the photonic integrated chips, which are co-packaged with drivers and TIAs in the printed circuit boards (green solid boxes). After removing the polarization multiplexer from the ICT, the function of the components in the gray dashed box can be realized in only one photonic integrated chip without the EDFA, PC, and PBS.

Fig. 4. Output normalized amplitude spectrum of the SiPh-CA processing 1n⊗1n.

Fig. 5. One trial of the measured results of the SiPh-CA processing Rn⊗Rn.

Fig. 6. Image recognition demonstration. (a) Demonstration for the SiPh-CA processing different NNs. (b) Inference accuracy comparison among the electronic digital computer, SiPh-NA, and SiPh-CA. (c) Confusion matrices for the NNs processed in the SiPh-CA.

Fig. 7. Simulation diagrams. (a) Diagram of the IC-TROSA-based SiPh-NA. (b) Diagram of the sub-IC-TROSA-based SiPh-CA. (c) Diagram of the MZM-based SiPh-CA.

Fig. 8. Simulation results. (a) IC-TROSA-based SiPh-NA output spectrum. (b) IC-TROSA-based SiPh-CA output spectrum. (c) MZM-based SiPh-CA output spectrum.

Fig. 9. Convolution decomposition for large-size tensors of high order.