Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of CECI-SIM. (a) The image acquisition part of CECI-SIM. (b) The image reconstruction part of CECI-SIM.

Fig. 2. Simulation results of CECI-SIM. (a)–(c) The wide-field, HiFi-SIM, and CECI-SIM images. (d)–(f) The intensity distributions along the red labeled line in the enlarged region of the images (a)–(c). (g)–(i) The corresponding frequency spectra of wide-field, HiFi-SIM, and CECI-SIM images.

Fig. 3. Effect of noise on the image reconstruction of CECI-SIM. (a)–(f) The reconstructed images of CECI-SIM under additional Gaussian noise with different standard deviations. (g) and (h) The dependences of PSNR and SSIM of the reconstructed images on the noise standard deviation.

Fig. 4. Experimental arrangement of CECI-SIM. (a) The experimental arrangement of CECI-SIM. BE: beam expander; QWP: quarter-wave plate; LP: linear polarizer; HWP: half-wave plate; DMD1 and DMD2: digital micromirror devices; L1–L5: lenses; SF: spatial filter; PHP: partitioned half-wave plate; DM: dichromatic mirror; OL: objective lens; and TL: tube lens. (b) The time sequence of DMD1, DMD2, and the camera during the image acquisition of CECI-SIM.

Fig. 5. (a)–(c) Wide-field, HiFi-SIM, and CECI-SIM images of tubulin in NIH/3T3 cells. (d)–(f) Wide-field, HiFi-SIM, and CECI-SIM images of actin in NIH/3T3 cells. The intensity distribution along the red labeled line in the wide-field (gray squares), HiFi-SIM (red balls), and CECI-SIM (blue triangles) images for tubulin (g) and actin (h).

Fig. 6. (a)–(d) Wide-field, HiFi-SIM, and CECI-SIM images with complementary and pseudorandom codes. The insets are enlarged views of the regions marked with white boxes.