Fig. 1. APDs propagating along {110}, {111} and {112} planes in GaAs materials

Fig. 2. Formation energy of APDs propagating along {110}, {111} and {112} planes in GaAs materials

Fig. 3. Formation energy of APDs propagating along different crystal planes in GaAs materials versus 　temperature

Fig. 4. AFM images of samples grown under different temperatures. (a) Sample A; (b) sample B; (c) sample C

Fig. 5. APD density and surface roughness versus growth temperature of high-temperature GaAs layer

Fig. 6. TEM images of sample A and sample B. (a) TEM dark-field image of sample A; (b) cross-section morphology of sample A; (c) TEM bright-field image of sample B; (d) TEM dark-field image of sample B