Weakly modulated dielectric grating can be equivalent to planar waveguide. When diffracted high-order spatial sub-waves are coupled with the leak mode of the grating,guided-mode resonance occurs. In this paper,an analytical expression for the resonant position of weakly modulated dielectric grating is derived from the eigenvalue equation of planar waveguide. Its predicted results are consistent with the rigorous coupled-wave theory. The phenomenon that guided-mode resonance causes double reflection peaks at normal incident is explained for the first time,and the reasons that guide-modes is sensitive to the incident angle and the grating period are also discussed. In addition,the way to get reflection filters with good peculiarities is analyzed theoretically from the equation of characteristic matrix of the thin film

The fabrication process of Mach-Zehnder modulators of poled polymer electro-optic waveguides has been developed. A DANS(4－dimethylamino－4′nitro-stlibene) polymer was selected as the electro-optic waveguide material. It was formed of five layers that consist of an electro-optic waveguide layer,two buffer layers and two metal electrode layers. The compatible properties of optics,chemistry and micro machining process among the layers were studied deeply. The channel waveguide with glazed sidewall was fabricated by using the ultraviolet photobleaching process. Then,by using the corona-poling setup with a tungsten wire electrode,the films were poled so that the waveguide had electro-optic property. Finally,by optimizing the fabrication process,the model device of M-Z type electro-optic intensity modulators working at 1300 nm wavelength has been developed. The half-wave voltage and modulation bandwidth of the device are about 10 V and 1 GHz,respectively.

Yb∶Er co-doped Al2O3 films fabricated by the technique of the medium frequency magnetron sputtering were sculptured to rectangle waveguide amplifiers(YECDWA) with beeline channel. The relationship between net gain and pump power was measured. The results show that net gain of the YECDWA increases approximately linear as pump power is increased. The threshold is 18mW. The net gain of the 2.24 cm long YBCDWA is 8.44 dB pumped under 68 mW. The numerical simulation displays,however,that net gain of the YECDWA is 10.6dB pumped under same power.

A novel low cost sensing system for simultaneous measurements of temperature,strain and torsion based on unique optical characteristics of long period fiber gratings(LPFGs) and ultra-long period fiber gratings(ULPFGs) induced by high frequency CO2 laser pulses was reported in this paper. Here an intensity-type demodulating approach which can satisfy the real measurement was realized based on the edge filtering effect of the LPFG and the ULPFG. The experimental results show that the sensitivities of temperature and strain are －0.211 dB/℃ and －0.012 dB/10με,respectively. And the sensitivity of torsion is 0.4394 dB/(rad·m－1),which is 4 times over than that of normal LPFG.

The theory that the wavelength of the polymer arrayed waveguide grating is tuned by electrooptical effect is analyzed based on the grating equation of the arrayed waveguide grating. Then two kinds of electro-optical wavelength tunable filter with single push-pull configuration and double push-pull configuration are presented. The experiments of computer simulation are respectively done by Optiwave software. The results show that the spectrum tuning range of the former is 5 nm or so by varying the applied voltage form －100 V to 100 V,the range of the AWG with single push-pull configuration is 10 nm or so,and much wider tuning ranges can be obtained,over 20 nm,with dual push-pull configuration.

The generation and propagation characteristics of magnetostatic forward volume waves (MSFVWs) in bismuth-doped YIG film under transversely nonuniform bias field is studied. The dispersive characteristics and the dynamic magnetization of the MSFVWs are calculated by using the variational approach. The influence of nonuniform field on magneto-optic(MO) coupling is analyzed. The obtained theoretical curve of the Bragg diffraction efficiency is basically agreement with the experimental results,and then it is shown that the diffraction performance for MO Bragg cells can be greatly improved by using an appropriately nonuniform bias field.

The peak reflectivity,bandwidth and centroid wavelength of Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography (EUVL) Mask as a function of roughness,period thickness and thickness ratio of Mo/Si multilayers were calculated. Nine equations were obtained by fitting the calculated data. Then,the reflective spectrum of 6 mirror EUVL system were simulated,and calculation were performed to work out the relative illumination intensity at wafer plane. Finally,illumination uniformity error at wafer plane induced by the mask were analyzed,and resulted a formula for estimating the error.

For increasing the transmissivity of the Glan-Taylor prism and making it's performance better,the design,evaporation and measurement of the Glan-Taylor prism's antireflection films were studied. The suitable film materials and control condition were found by engneering testing for many times and solved the problem of the adhensive power between the film and the iceland crystal. The film structrue was designed using the film soft and the film was evaporated the film on the iceland crystal surface according to the film structrue which had been designed. The reflective spectral of the antireflective film were measured by spectral photometers. The result of the measurement shows that the reflectance of the end surface,which had been filmed,is less than 0.4% in the rang of spectral regions,and the adhesive power of the film is firm.

The conception of the High Etendue Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer (HEIFTS) is introduced and the principle of the modified Mach-Zehnder interferometer,which is used in the spectrometer,is analyzed. Meanwhile,the optical path difference and the degree of modulation of this kind of interferometer are calculated. It's easy to be found that,in order to get the better diagram of the degree of modulation,both the inclination of the two image planes and the image aperture angle must be small angles,and both the lateral and longitudinal offsets must be smaller. Then the effects on the degree of modulation by the offsets and the dimension of the CCD array are discussed. By adjusting the parameters,the three degrees of the modulation can reach 90%,which can satisfy the application requirement of the spectrometer.

The changes of SLD's spectral modulation in fiber-optic gyroscope was studied with experiment,the reason for the increasing of spectral modulation depth through the whole optical path was explained in theory,and the emulation result was highly consistent with the experimental result. On the basis of that,the influence of spectral modulation on the coherence function was analyzed,and the error level of fiberoptic gyroscope which arise from secondary coherence peak was evaluated.

A new lateral shearing beam-splitter based on a new method to split light is proposed. The principle of its structure is elaborated and analyzed,and the results of its application in FTS have been discussed. When the structures of beam-splitters are in the same size,this structure can generate ten times of the spacing more than generated by others. When it is applied to FTS,the FTS can reach high resolving power without increasing the size of the structure and the weight of it. There is no light to return to the source when the beam-splitter splits the light,so the energy of light in this method would be almost twice of that of the Sagnac method. Furthermore,compared with the Mach-Zehnder method,the realization of this method is easier. Its structure is compact and stable,can be used in the domain such as aviation,astronautics remote and sensing,and also works well in the material ingredient analysis field.

The EPR parameters and fine spectra for Cr3+ ion in YAG crystal were studied by using two distortion models and complete diagonalization method(CDM). The investigations consider for the first time the spin-spin (SS) and spin-other-orbit (SOO) interactions. The studies show that the local structure in the YAG∶Cr3+ crystal is of the compressed trigonal distortion (Δθ=1.88°). Accordingly,the EPR parameters and fine spectra for Cr3+ ion in YAG crystal are explained successfully. By analyzing these models,it shows that the impurity ion moving model is not suitable if there are the same charge for the impurity ion and host ion. Since local structure is sensitive to both ground state zero field splitting (ZFS) and the first excited state ZFS,it is not reliable to decide local lattice distortion only using ground state ZFS parameter D.

Based on analyzing the mechanism of the Hyper-Spectral CCD Imager's non-uniformity and several non-uniformity correction algorithms. The method of two-point multi-section for Hyper-Spectral CCD Imager's non-uniformity correction was presented. The two-point multi-section method has higher precision than two-point correction algorithm and has lower operation load than multi-point correction algorithm. The appliance of the two-point multi-section method to Hyper-Spectral Imager showed that the method has the merit of low operation load,high precision and strong practicability.

The parabolic index optical fiber with uniaxial crystal cladding was studied by the vector-field method under the assumption of weakly-graded-index in the core. The power distribution in core and cladding for fundamental mode is analyzed. It is shown that the influence of parameter τ(the ratio of axial permittivity to transverse-permittivity in the cladding) to the power distribution for lower frequency is obvious,but it is negligible for higher frequency. Using the material of large τ to make the cladding is advantaged for the single-mode transmission in this kind of fiber.

A new three-stage L-band erbium-doped superfluorescent fiber source(Er-SFS) is introduced. The structure utilizes the first-stage none-pumping,the second-stage forward-pumping and the third-stage backward-pumping. The influence of the pump wavelength,the length of erbium doped fiber (EDF) and the pumping ratio to the Er-SFS characteristics are studied numerically. Finally,a set of optimal parameters to simultaneously achieve a higher output power,lower ripple and lower cost as compared to the conventional L-band Er-SFS is given.

The characteristic and method of the synchronous transmitting function in RPR asynchronous network was introduced. Then a new synchronous transmitting mechanism for RPR asynchronous network according to the principle of allocating bandwidth was proposed. The new mechanism was named as Dynamic Weighted Transporting Rate. The synchronous transmitting wass based on dynamic altered transmitting weight of the received data stream according to the PTQ depth. Simulation results show that the mechanism can achieve synchronous transmitting in RPR asynchronous network,and the PTQ will not overflow.

In order to improve the accuracy of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) pressure sensor and decrease the cost of the whole system,a measuring method of using the fiber Bragg dual-grating to measure the pressure is proposed in this paper. Under the action of external pressure,the reflected wavelength drift of the sensing FBG is transformed into time interval variation of light pulse reflected by a scanning grating,which is modulated by means of driving the equally intense cantilever beam into up and down bending periodically. The experimental result shows that the detecting range for the reflected wavelength drift of FBG is 0～3 nm,the uncertainty of wavelength detection is 1 pm,and the uncertainty of the pressure measurement is 0.005 MPa when the measurement range of the pressure sensor is 0～6 MPa.

The near infrared technique is used for 3D accurate location of the probe in neuro-surgery of Parkinson's disease. The optical probe's Look Ahead Distance(LAD) can be used to guide the probe. By the simulation of Monte Carlo and research of the 2－layer laboratory phantoms,the LAD's formulations are given. With the comparison of LADs from both Monte Carlo and fitting equation,it can be proved that the formulations are correctly . Using LAD can improve the precision of the location and shorten the time of operation. Analyse the 3－layer model and give the definition of Layer Resolution(LR). At last,use the LR to locate the optical probe in the animal test.

According to the property that for Gaussian signals only,all cumulant spectral of order greater than two are identically zero,a Four-Order-Cumulant based Parameter Estimation (HOS-PE) approach was undertaken for the adaptive estimation of the gain and bias nonuniformity in infrared focal-plane array sensors from scene data. The statistical property of mean and variance for the gain parameter was given by mean of Taylor expansion and the analysis proves the estimation was approximately unbiased. The proposed method has been tested by the Monte Carlo simulation and verified. At last,HOS-PE method was tested through video sequences of real infrared data,reducing the fixed pattern noise and reaching high correction levels.

Aiming at the fixed-pattern noise drift and the nonlinearity photoresponse characteristic of every detector in IRFPA in engineering using,a quadratic response characteristic mathematics model and a Kalman filtering algorithm using sense data are proposed. Double correction is performed to it. The algorithm proposed is more perfect than the algorithm for nonuniformity correction using linear model. The simulation result shows the superiority of the algorithm.

Plane wave expansion method was employed to simulate the bandgap of 2－D photonic crystals with Kagome lattice. The optimum structural parameters of photonic crystals with the largest complete bandgap were obtained. Complete bandgaps were obtained when the germanium columns were in the shape of circular,hexagonal and square,respectively. It is showed that the complete bandgaps can be attained steadily as the filling fraction is changed in a wide range for circular and hexagonal columns,and their band structures are similar.

The relation between the transmission spectrum and the system layers in periodic system with gain was studied by the transfer-matrix method. It is found that,with certain layers,the transmission coefficient is very large at some frequencies,and when the system layers increase,these peaks will move in the spectrum. And for different part in the spectrum,the changes of peaks are different. The critical length of system for different frequencies was studied,which explains the changes of peaks in different part of the spectrum. The relation between the critical length and the frequency in random system was studied next,which shows some differences with this relation in periodic system. The differences can be explained by group velocity theory and energy band theory.

The relation between the nonlinear coefficient and the geometry parameters is derived in PCF of TIR type with triangle cladding. The curves showing this relation are presented. The relation between the nonlinear coefficient and the wavelength of the light propagating in PCF is also deduced. The curve about the relation of the nonlinear coefficient and the wavelength shows that this type of PCF has a very high nonlinear coefficient at the short-wave band,which can be potentially applied in many aspects.

The holography of Fresnel-zone-plate (FZP) convolution without motion was proposed. The key of the technique is that the uniformly distributed source is used to make the FZP projects superposed on the object. The hologram was obtained by convoluting the FZP intensity-distribution function with the object intensity-distribution function without mechanical motion. The reconstruction of the hologram was obtained by digital correlation. The relationships between the exiting intensity distribution of FZP and the depth of the scattering media were simulated by the method of Monte Carlo. The simulation results demonstrate that the FZP intensity distribution is still maintained when the depth of the scattering media is equal to 5 cm. The imaging experiments on the 0.4 mm-diameter metal at different depth of 1 cm,3 cm and 5 cm were carried out. The experimental results testify that the holography of FZP convolution without motion is possible to be used in imaging of objects embedded in highly scattering medium.

The 3D imaging through highly scattering media by the method of FZP scanning holography was researched. The background noise of the reconstructed images was resulted from the highly scattering background of the absorbing object. A novel method termed as the composite scanning holography was proposed to reduce the artifacts. By this method,the experiments on absorbers embedded in the intralipid solution with concentration of 1% and depth of 1.7 cm were implemented. The reconstructed images with good-quality signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast were obtained. On the basis,theoretic analysis and experimental measurement on SNR,contrast and resolution power(RP) of the system were carried out. The results shows that,comparing with single models,the SNR and contrast of composite model increase significantly. But the RP of the image should be further improved.

The influence on target detection of surface reflective character was computed and analyzed in the article. By introducing the orthogonal complement subspace projection method,the background signal was eliminated from the receiving mixture signal. Therefore the aim to compress the background signal was achieved. On the basis of the remaining signal,the matching pursuit algorithm was adopted to select the optimal wavelength bands automatically. Aiming at selecting the optimum wavelength bands was achieved and the target can be detected. The algorithm was applied to target detection out of the atmosphere. At last the relation between the wavelength band selection for target detection out of the atmosphere and the target's surface reflective character was obtained.

A new image transform,namely,the contourlet transform is introduced,which can capture the intrinsic geometrical structure of image. Furthermore,a novel image denoising scheme based on contourlet is presented. Via calculating variance homogeneous measurement (VHM),the locally adaptive window is determined to estimate the shrinkage factor optimally,then the contourlet coefficient is shrunk using the shrinkage factor. The scheme utilizing the correlation of contourlet coefficients in the same subband along the edge or contour of the image,which can get the tradeoff between “noises removing”and “details preserving”.In numerical comparisons with various methods,the presented scheme outperforms the traditional contourlet denoising method based on hard-thresholding and Wiener filter in terms of PSNR. Experiments also show that this scheme could not only remove the noises effectively,but also suit for the neutron radiography system.

How to assess the image quality is one of the most important problems in image fusion. By analyzing the existent assessments of image fusion quality,a novel assessment of image fusion quality based on structural similarity is presented. According to different cases,average structural similarity,weighted average structural similarity,product of structural similarity and mutual information are introduced to assess image fusion quality as the objective methods. This assessment considers the structural information of image and the characteristics of human visual system,and can be used to choose the best algorithm in image fusion applications. The experiments of different kinds of image fusion algorithms demonstrate that it is an effective assessment of image fusion quality.

The frequency features of the optical transient signal,the background signal and high frequency noise are analyzed,and the virtual instruments of signal processing are given based on LabVIEW. The design of the digital filter is introduced and the original signal is filtered,and then the spectrum estimation of the filtered signal gives the power spectrum density. The test result shows that the new method is simple,reliability and effective.

In order to obtain patterns of code disc and metrology grating which are the core components of optical shaft encoder,photolithography shutter is usually used to control exposure. But perforated film as photolithography shutter has many disadvantages such as taking too long time to perforate,easily making wrong code. A mathematical model between resist property,luminous efficiency and exposure has been established by deducing their relations for avoiding the disadvantages. The theory of using liquid crystal light valve replacing proforated film is proposed. Based on operating principles of liquid crystal light valve and control theories of photolithography shutter,the control circuit of liquid crystal light valve arrays has been designed according to theirs control principles. The photolithographic experiments show that,the patterns of code disc are good,the edges of lines are vertical. It indicates that the liquid crystal light valve arrays as photolithography shutter can control exposure and light passing accords with the intending requires. It proves that using liquid crystal light valve arrays replacing perforated film as photolithography shutter is feasible completely.

The direct selection,linear,and third order reflectance abridgement methods are discussed and tested. It is found that the third order method is the best when abridging reflectance from 5 nm to 10 nm,20 nm or 30 nm intervals,while the direct selection method is the best when abridging reflectance from 10 nm to 20 nm or 30 nm. In addition,it's found that abridgment methods are comparative to Vector Subspace Method when the spectral image compression application is considered. The tested and compared results show that the methods can be used in practice when the reflectance abridgement or spectral image compression is required.

It is deduced and verified by experiment that the relation between optical intensity and incidence wavefront is nearly linear in unit cell size. Therefore,the formula of PSD sampled by CCD is obtained.According to the formula,many factors affecting the system transfer function in the CCD capture system are simulated and conformed by experiment,such as the maximum spatial frequency of incidence wavefront,the PSD of incidence wavefront in high spatial frequency,the fill factor and the exposure time of CCD. Then some useful qualitative conclusions between these factors and the system transfer function are obtained. Furthermore,the qualitative relation between the exposure time of CCD and repeatability of high spatial resolution interferometric optical test is conformed by experiment.

The bending theory of bending mechanism loaded at four point of torodial focusing mirror in synchrotron radiation is introduced,and a model of bending mechanism is established. A nonlinear error function be-tween ideal arc and factual achieved,the optimized parameter l to minimize the error are given,based on the solution of error function using the technology of CAE. The practical application in torodial focusing mirror of BESRF－3B3 beamline shows that this system is successful.

The complex analytical signal representation was applied to study the free-space propagation of ultrashort pulsed Bessel-Gauss beams with constant diffraction length. Closed-form expressions were derived and analyzed both theoretically and numerically. It is shown that within the diffraction-free range,the spreading of transversal intensity distributions of ultrashort pulsed Bessel-Gauss beams is small,whereas beyond this range a remarkable spreading appears. But,within the diffraction-free range there is still a broadening of on-axis pulse forms. With increasing propagation distance,the on-axis blue shift increases monotonously and then reaches gradually its asymptotic value. The off-axis spectral shift changes from the blue shift to the red one as the transversal distance increases.

The relation between output correlation spot shape and length width ratio of input correlation image was analyzed quantificationally by using of diffraction theory in the joint transform correlation. Through theoretical analysis and test research,conclusions show that with the input correlation image's length width ratio becoming smaller,the output correlation spot shape approaches circular spot and with the input correlation image' s length width ratio becoming bigger,the output correlation spot shape departures circular spot.

A method of generating the single-photon entangled states of a single photon state and a vacuum state through utilizing optical beam-splitter and single-photon source is described. A setup for realizing entanglement translation of the single-photon entangled state is designed. A proposal is presented for teleporting an unknown single-photon entangled state. In this proposed,the two single-photon entangled states is utilized as the quantum channel. The process of the entanglement translation and quantum teleportation are achieved by using the 50/50 symmetric beam splitters and the photon detectors with the help of classical information.

A scheme is presented to realize the controlled teleportation of an unknown two-particle partly entangled state using a four-particle GHZ state as the quantum channel,and one of the particles in the channel is used as the controlling particle. After a series of quantum operations and quantum measurements performed by sender and controller,the receiver will get the quantum state which the sender seek to send by doing a series of quantum transformations which according to the sender and controller's measurement results.