Continuously tunable Er3+-doped ring fiber laser with multi-intra-cavity polarization controller has been presented by using the tuning mechanism of polarization controlling. The CW lasing with 22 nm(1538～1560 nm) tunable range,0.1 nm spectral line-width,45 dB optical signal-to-ASE-noise ratio have been achieved. When the laser is pumped by different pump power from 10 to 50 mW,the fluctuation of peak power is less than 1dB during the whole tuning range at different center wavelength. The laser also exhibits a very good operating stability with spectral fluctuation of less than 0.05 nm for tens of hours at room environments.

A novel narrow line-width Erbium/Ytterbium (Er/Yb) co-doped double-clad fiber ring laser has been reported. To obtain higher output power,the laser is pumped by six Continuous Wave Laser Diodes (LD) operating at 976 nm through six pigtails of a Tapered Fiber Bundle connected with the Er/Yb codoped fiber. By using fiber Bragg grating (FBG) Sagnac loop mirror as a wavelength-selective device,the cladding-pumped fiber laser oscillation with a line-width of 0.06 nm and central wavelength of 1548.11 nm has been obtained. By using the saturable absorption of an un-pumped Er/Yb co-doped double-clad fiber,with different pump power,such laser can operate at different modes. The self-Q-switched pulse with pulse width of 2.8 μs,period of 20 μs and average power of 38.4 mW can be achieved at the pump power of 719 mW. And the peak power of the Self-Q-switching pulse is 274.3 mW. When the pump power is 3.6 W,the maximum peak power of the self-mode-locked pulse reaches 10 W with a repetition rate of 7.937 MHz and duration of 4ns. As no active element is inside the cavity,this fiber ring laser potentially has many advantages over conventional pulsed fiber laser systems.

The transformation course of a quarter-waveplate's rotating polarization plane of elliptically polarized light is deeply analyzed by the Jones vector transformation. According to the principle of A-O interaction and quartz's different characteristic in the direction of parallel and perpendicular acoustics field,with a quarter-wave plate being inserted in an AO Qswitch Nd∶YAG laser cavity between mirror and Qswitch,AO Q-switch's Bragg diffraction efficiency formula is put out theoretically. Consequently,the conclusion has been drawn by calculating simulation that the ability of a single AO Q-switch's switching CW Nd∶YAG laser is increased. Furthermore,the experimental result is well in accord with theoretical analysis.

The high repetition rate passively Q-switching of laser-diode end-pumped Nd∶YVO4 laser was realized by using Cr4+ ∶ YAG as saturable absorber. The pulse train with average output power of 1.21 W,repetition rate of 23.8 kHz,pulse width of 25 ns,pulse energy of 51 μJ and peak power of 2.03 kW was obtained with the absorbed pump power of 8.8 W. The dependence of pulse repetition rate,average output power,pulse width and single pulse energy on pump power and the transmission of output mirror was experimentally carried out. The experimental results showed that the pulse repetition rate and average output power decreased with pump power increasing when the pump power reached a certain extent. The experiment results were reasonably analyzed and discussed.

In order to solve thermal effect of laser crystal induced by high power diode laser endpumped,the thermal deformation on pump face of laser crystal was exactly calculated. Through work characteristic analysis of laser crystal in diode laser end-pumped all-solid-state lasers,a thermal model of rectangle laser crystal was built. Based on the heat conductive equation,a new solution of Poisson equation was introduced and the general analytical expression of thermal deformation of rectangle laser crystal was obtained. And thermal deformation influenced by diode laser eccentric-end-pumped was investigated. Compared to the finite-element analysis or other numerical solutions,the analytical solution will not produce any calculation error. The analytical solution of thermal deformation will supply a theoretical instruct for solving thermal effect of laser crystal and improving the performance of lasers.

Intracavity perturbation will bring degrade of beam quality in high power laser. The result of influence in eigenmode by introducing intracavity tilt perturbation in different place of positive-branch confocal resonator was analyzed. At the same time,idea eigenmode,the mode of intracavity tilt perturbation in different place,Zernike aberration coefficient and the far field of beam were all analyzed by using numerical prony method. The results show that the sensibility is increased from convex mirror to concave mirror for a given aberration perturbation in different intracavity place. High order aberration such as defocus and astigmatism will also rise when tilt aberration increases in intracavity mode. So intracavity phase-corrected element used in unstable resonator should be near to concave mirror.

An organic-inorganic hybrid sol-gel material by using Tetraethylorthosilicate (Teos) and phenyltriethoxysilane(Phtes) as precursors was synthesized,and a planar optical waveguide was fabricated by using spin-coating on silicon substrate. A rib strip waveguide was formed by inductively coupled plasma(ICP). A relation between refractive index and composition of the precursors was obtained by M-line method;the optical loss of the planar waveguide was measured to be 0.23 dB/cm at 632.8 nm wavelength.

A new kind of polarization independent electro-optic modulator is presented. The modulator needs only one piece of electro-optic crystal,and the design and the fabrication of electrodes are very simple. The propagation of light through the modulator is studied in detail using wave coupling theory of linear electrooptic effect. The study result demonstrates that the intensity of output light doesn't depend on the polarization state of the incident light. Finally,an optimum design of electro-optic crystals is given,taking examples for SBN and KNSBN which belong to 4 mm crystal system.

The Unobstructed Reflection Model (Young Theory) for calculating light scattering from a spherical particle on a smooth surface is reviewed and presented with special attention to the polarization of the incident beam and position of the detector. As a test of the approximation,some calculations for 0.54μm diameter polystyrene latex spheres (PSL) on a silicon wafer is carried out. The results of these tests are presented and compared with experimental results that published abroad previously.

The process of the Gaussian beam propagating through the nonlinear medium is calculated by step FFT,and the M2 factor is get by minimizing the root-mean-square of the quadratic curve,the simulation results show: on the condition that the B integral is no more than 2,the stronger the Kerr effect is,and the bigger the M2 factor is;and in which the beam width and the length between the waist plane and the nonlinear medium are two important factors on the influence between the Kerr effect and M2 factor,namely the narrower beam width and the longer length are,the and the bigger the M2 factors are.The compensation adopting the negative nonlinear refractive index medium to reduce the Kerr effect is studied and the beam quality is improved effectively. The both side compensation is selected as an idea method in the three types of methods.

In order to reduce the impact of shot noise induced by phase modulation,intensity modulation and Phase sensitivity demodulation is used to measure power spectrum of noise with different demodulation phase. The minimum intensity of power spectrum was decreased about 3 dB compare with the intensity with no modulation. It is shown that the influence of non-stationary shot noise can be restrained with a special demodulation phase. Experimental data is in good agreement with theoretical forecast.

The propagation of elliptic Gaussian spatiotemporal incoherent beam in logarithmically saturable noninstantaneous nonlinear media is studied by using the mutual spectral density theory. The existing condition and the analytical expression of the beam radii and the coherence radii of spatiotemporal incoherent solitons are obtained. The initial condition of the beam and the nonlinearity of the media decide the propagation of the beam. It is find that the coherence properties of beam evolve periodically with the distance and the spatial correlation distance is smaller for higher frequency constituents of the incoherent light.

The optical transmission properties,optical enhancement effect and bistable properties of the nonlinear Bragg cavity containing negative refractive index material (NIM) were studied. For the nonlinear Bragg cavity with dispersive NIM or nondispersive NIM and the nonlinear Bragg cavity composed of two positive refractive index materials,the transmission spectra,optical enhancement effect,spectrum width of defect mode,red-shifting of incident wave,and switching threshold of bistability were compared. The nonlinear Bragg cavity containing NIM can observably increase optical enhancement effect of the Bragg cavity and reduce the spectrum width of defect mode,the red-shifting of incident wave and the switching threshold of bistability.

A new scanning system is developed,which is a new biosensor for the immunoassay by using the label of up-converting phosphors (UCP),which is different from traditional methods and suitable for multiplexing and quantitative analysis. The system scans the strip point by point in order to record all the information on it,then figures out the concentration of the biological molecular from the content of the UCP on the test strip. It is effective to take precise detection of micro-immunoreaction to the degree of hundreds ng/ml with fine stability,which meet the requirements of the immunoassay.

The wheat seeds were irradiated by a 20 MW·mm－2 CO2 laser for 1 minute,3 minutes,5 minutes and 7 minutes. In the stage of seedlings,3.10 kJ ·m－2 UV-B was employed to irradiate seedlings for 7 hours under the condition of PAR 90 μmol·m－2·s－1,then the contents of GSH,AsA,MDA and the activity of SOD、CAT、POD enzyme were determined. The results showed that the CO2 laser pretreatment could increase the contents of GSH and AsA and the activity of SOD、CAT、POD enzyme,but decreased the content of MDA. Thereby the effects of CO2 laser pretreatment could restrain the wheat seedling lipid peroxidation by UV-B radiation,and it showed that the best treat-time is about five minutes.

According to the characters of the protein biochip with immunogold labeling technique,the biochip scanning and analyzing system were designed based on CCD and digital image treatment technology. After presenting the architecture of the whole system,the article introduces the software framework of it. And then,the method of analyzing and processing biochip image is described in detail.

With two level demodulation,the demodulate rule of WDM/SDM FBG sensing system was optimized. To improve the demodulated speed of sensing system more,a FBG sensing multiplexing technique with Rmuti-demodulate device was proposed. Petri net theory was used to sovle the harmonize problem of the technology. In order to demonstrate the feasibility of the multi-demodulate technique,a FBG sensing system with four sensing channels and two F-P filters were studied. The performance of the technique was analyzed by using Queuing Theory. The average delay time of the double demodulate system is lower one magnitude order than the conventional ones.

The guiding-center “breathing” soliton theory in dispersion managed soliton system is analysis and the stability of DMS transmission is proved. The condition of stability of DMS transmission also is given. Then,the characteristic of DMS parameters transmission evolving in dispersion map,which including amplitude,width,chirp and energy of pulse,are studied. With help of the numerical methods,it not only can be validated the results of guiding-center “breathing” soliton transmission theory,but also proved that robustness of DMS in changefully averaged dispersion value line.

A novel method was proposed to optimize Raman/EDFA hybrid amplifiers based on an improved simulated annealing algorithm (ISAA) in this paper,and a simple object function was achieved according to power-coupled equations of erbium doped fiber Amplifier (EDFA) and fiber Raman Amplifier (FRA). The proposed ISAA can effectively solve the multimodal optimization including both global and local optima in the hybrid amplifier. Optimization results show that,under the conditions of the ON-OFF gain of 15 dB,an amplifier bandwidth at about 70 nm and the maximum gain ripple less than 1.2 dB have been achieved with 4 pumps by using the optimization of the ISAA. Comparing with other existing methods,the ISAA can attain a required low gain ripples and larger bandwidth without any gain flatten filter.

A differentiated resource reservation (DRR) mechanism for optical burst switching (OBS),in which the burst assembly algorithm is combined with the resource reservation scheme,is proposed. Introducing the idea of“burst flow”and“piggyback request”respectively,a linear prediction-based assembly algorithm is used in the edge node to create a burst or burst flow,and different resource reservation manner are presented for per burst and burst flow in the core node. Simulation results show that the packet loss performance of OBS can be significantly improved.

The imaging equations are derived based on point spread function,the influence of detector on resolution is simulated,and the optimum pinhole radius is proposed. To demonstrate the theoretical calculation,the confocal imaging system is designed and established. The axial response is measured for different pinhole,and the in-focus and out-of-focus images of bar target are obtained with the confocal system.

The computer-generated hologram called digital hologram as well,which is fully digitized,is laid store by people as a kind of new 3D display technology. But compared with optical hologram,hidden surface of scene is a special problem of digital hologram. This problem doesn't be solved well before. To solve it,first the decay of reconstructed image quality caused by hidden surfaces is analysed based on the theory of digital hologram. The conclusion is drawed which is the hidden surfaces must be removed when computing holograms of complex scenes. Secondly a method to remove hidden surfaces is presented,which is to find the collection of nearest intersection points on virtual rays connecting every sample point of scene to that of hologram. Finaly the results of simulation are presented. High quality digital hologram will be made when the method presented employed.

Numerical reconstruction is the focus problem of the digital holography. However,the techniques that have been discussed can only obtain the 2-D light field distribution. In this article,a method about 3-D rebuilding based on numerical reconstruction of the hologram is proposed,by which the genuine 3-D image can be numerically reconstructed. A number of 2-D light field intensity distributions of the digital hologram are numerically reconstructed on the different depth planes. Then,the focus measure evaluation of the gray level variance is applied. By finding the maximum focus measure,decide on the depth information of each image point. The experiment confirms that the method can materialize the 3-D rebuilding of the,reconstruction image,that is,3-D profile information of the object can be obtained by the proposed approach. So digital holography can be a very promising technology for non-destruction 3-D shape measure. In addition,3-D reconstruction can provide an effective way to the image evaluation of the hologram and validating the correctness of the CGH algorithm.

The optical system with compact structure,wide field of view and long focal length is discussed and an off-axis three-mirror reflective optical system with 1000 mm focal length,aperture of f/4 and 3°field of view is designed on the basis of geometry optical theory. Moreover,the infection of system and aberration made by optimize method and parameter is discussed.

In this article,the adoption of gear/worm transferring,synchronous strip/gear installing method and perpendicular cross guiding rail which applied in the large aperture interferometer are described. By use of the method could be improved the system's stability and adjusting accuracy as well as the quality of the standard mirror face shape. The design principle and basic formulas of driving devices are introduced theoretically,and by experiments the devices' influence upon the stability of system is proved.

In this paper,the tolerance of the end mirror(plane mirror) tilting in high speed rotary spectrometer is analyzed systematically by means of modulation depth and phase error. It is found that the changes resulted from the tilting of the end mirror was made up of three parts: 1) the constant OPD that reflective light increases: 2) the increased OPD concerning different ray along the perpendicular direction to light axis: 3)the moving distance of the light beam center to light axis. The SNR of the output is reduced by these changes. The formula of changed interferogram intensity is given. Methods to avoid the problems resulted from the tilting of the end mirror are also discussed.

Firstly finite element method is adopted to analyse surface deformation of a single prism under gravity when it is in three typical positions,and Zernike polynomials are fitted for Φ425 mm axial deformations of the prism surfaces,corresponding wavefront error figures are plotted,a design of prism is choosed. Then Φ360 mm light beam is sampled and ray tracing for double prisms in several typical relative position,and corresponding total wavefront error of double prisms under gravity are computed.

A camera self-calibration algorithm based on image transformation is presented in the paper. The differences among all the elements of the image of absolute conic in magnitude are so large that solution is extremely sensitive to noise. To challenge the problem,the algorithm is proposed which includes two steps: Firstly,the camera intrinsic matrix is estimated. Secondly,with the estimated intrinsic matrix of the first step,all the elements of the image of absolute conic become in the same magnitude by image transformation. The theory and experiments with both simulation and real data demonstrate that the algorithm can lead to an enormous improvement in the stability and robustness of the result.

Through the tophat and bothat of mathematical morphology in image enhancement,the targets' cluster was divided into single target by method of watershed. And automatic threshold selection was applied in segmentation of the image. The experiments results supported the method.

Constrained condition of output correlation peak value is removed in MACE matched filter,and correlation criterion is redefined. The distortion invariant synthetic discriminant function obtained is wiener filtering function based on correlation criterion to be defined. the filter's sensitivity to input noise and image distortion is reduced. The computer simulation result shows this kind of synthetic filter enhance the distortion tolerance and ability of resisting noise.

In this paper,an auto-focusing method is introduced to the system for coupling optical fiber-taper with CCD,a new image-evaluation function which based on the operator fusion technique is also proposed. By experiments,it is proved that the reliability of auto-focusing is enhanced,and a higher accuracy is achieved. This method successfully resolves the problem how to obtain the best efficiency of coupling during the coupling process.

The way of coefficient convolution with lost edge and low contrast ratio in image fusion filled with abundant slight edges,now bring a new method which combine Canny edge detection with wavelet transform and directional variance. It can improve the partial resolution with enhanced edge and partial contrast ratio obviously,so accord with the human visual character further. And the result from experiment was satisfied at last.

The non-uniformity effect of the four-quadrant detector on the output signal linearity and accuracy of trace were analyzed and position locating when the detector was used in the target trace,and the bottom limit to the non-uniformity was also given. Based on this,a multi-correction method,which used comprehensive compensation intensity distribution,dead current,and channel of amplifier coefficient was presented for the first time. By using this method,the non-linear error was limited to 5% and the accuracy of trace and position locating was 2%. Compared with the methods using the hardware correctioń of compensation channel of amplifier coefficient and the soft correction with dead current retained,the nonlinear error was reduced to 2% and the accuracy of position locating was improved nearly 3% by the multicorrection method.

The well structure which was fabricated by alternating deposition of constituent tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq) and 4,4'-N,N'-dicarbazole-biphenyl (CBP) layers,improved the current efficiency. The enhanced efficiency can be attributed to the strong accumulation of electrons and holes in the thin Alq3 layer,which leads to an increase of the exciton formation and exciton recombination probability. The single well device exhibits the highest current efficiency of 4.1 cd/A,which is more than twice than that of the conventional heterostructure device. It is an effective and simple way to improve the efficiency of EL devices by utilizing well structure as the emitting layer with proper well number.

1.55 μm resonant cavity enhanced photodetector was fabricated using low-temperature grown GaAs as the absorption layer. Its electrical and optical characteristics were investigated. Under 0 V bias without incident light the dark current was 8 X 10-11 A,the peak wavelength of the photocurrent was 1563nm with fullwidth at half maximum(FWHM) 4 nm.

Photon properties of transmission and spatial distribution in fiber optic tapers were modeled and stimulated by Monte Carlo modelling. Photons distribution and intensities distribution after photons transmit through tapered optic fiber were presented. According to the stimulation,most photons after propagation through the fiber optic taper distribute in the centre of detector,and the number of photons detected by detector was decreased as the distance between the detector point and the centre point of the detector increases. If the fiber optic tapers have certain taper ratio and different length,the distributions of photons propagating through them were similar and the intensity reduced with the growth of the length of fiber. The study results provide an important evidence of design and application of fiber optic tapers.

A numerical study was carried out for the aero-optical effects of flow around an aircraft on laser beam propagation. Beam propagation is described by the paraxial scalar wave equations,solved by the phase-screen technique and the FFT method. Air density variation is governed by the complete Navier-Stokes equations which are solved by using the LU-SGS factorization technique. The numerical results show that the deflection and defocus effects would be significant due to the variation of flow field. Thus,the necessary compensation should be in consideration when use optical instruments on aero-craft.

Complex modulating properties of a twisted-nemetic liquid crystal spatial light modulator (TNLCSLM) are analyzed and simulated based on theories of the Jones matrix and the elastic free energy. As a further example,the first-order diffraction efficiency of a grating pattern displayed on the TN-LCSLM is calculated. It is found that there exists a maximum of the first-order diffraction efficiency even when the output polarizer is placed or not.