Based on the principle of light deflection,a fibre-sensor equipment was developed for detecting the fluid-solid interface wave. And then,an experiment system was established,in which a Q-switched Nd YAG laser was applied to excite the fluid-solid interface wave. The interface waves,which were induced by laser at the air-aluminum,water-aluminum,and alcohol-aluminum interfaces,were experimentally detected.The velocity of Leaky Rayleigh wave and Scholte wave on the three interfaces derived from the wave profiles,were 2889 m/s and 339 m/s,2916 m/s and 1512 m/s,2872 m/s and 1184 m/s respectively.Compared with theoretical value,the relative deviation was less than 5%.

By analyzing the optical characteristic of the off-axis and multi-pass amplified high power solidstate laser facility,using the theory of binary tree tracing and matrix optics,and dividing the system into four parts that include cavity amplification part,boost amplification part,beam reverser and beam output part,the ghost image are analyzed and traced. Main of ghost image that are devastating are given in all parts. By comparing the analysis of ghost image with the phenomena in experiments,the analyzing means is proved feasible and dependable. The work provide basis for avoidance of ghost image damage in the latter experiments and the similar facilities.

By using the coupled wave theory of Kogelnik,the diffraction of an ultrashort pulsed beam by a one dimensional reflection volume holographic grating is investigated. Considering the dispersion effect of the grating media,the spectral and temporal distributions of the diffracted and transmitted beams,the spectral bandwidth of the grating,as well as the diffraction efficiency of the reflection volume grating are studied both analytically and numerically. It is investigated that the spectral widths of the diffraction light are narrowed,temporal widths are broadened,and then diffraction efficiencies decrease with the dispersion effect of the grating media. In particular,the distortion and broadening of the pulsed beams are shown.They are controlled by the parameters of the grating and the input conditions. These results demonstrate that there is a new potential for the study of the diffraction of the ultrashort pulsed beam by the volume holographic gratings,such as femtosecond pulse shaping.

The experimental study of the Yb3+-doped figure-of-eight cavity fiber laser using the nonlinear amplifying loop mirror (NALM) was reported,which was pumped by 976 nm semiconductor laser. The fiber laser can generate 0.2 mW average power of 43.6 ps pulse duration at a repetition of 18.2 MHz,and operating central wavelength was 1053.3 nm,spectrum width was 8 nm,though grating pairs to compensate the positive dispersion outside the cavity,as short as 616 fs output pulse was obtained after amplifying,which was to our knowledge the shortest pulse to date from this kind of Yb3+-doped fiber laser.

Based on the analyzing the principle of fiber loop mirror,the resonant conditions of phase and intensity of Linear Cavity Er3+ doped Fiber Laser Based on Fiber Loop Mirror are obtained. The output characteristics of continuous Er3+ doped linear cavity fiber laser based on fiber loop mirror have been theoretically studied and numerically analyzed by solving rate equations,and analytical expressions on laser output power,threshold pump power and slope efficiency under stationary condition have been derived. The expression of minimum and optimum fiber length for designing a linear cavity Er3+ doped fiber laser has been given,which will be helpful to the optimization of designing a practical linear cavity Er3+ doped fiber laser of the same kind based on fiber loop mirror. 1550 nm maximums fiber laser output of slope efficiency 18.3% have been obtained in the experiment.

Based on time-and spatial-resolved measurements of plasma emission spectrum by pulsed Nd YAG laser ablation of copper in argon was analyzed. The experimental results show that plasma emission spectra were composed of atomic spectrum,ion spectrum and continuous radiation. The number and intensity of atomic spectrum was bigger and stronger than that of ion spectrum,the continuous radiation intensity was minimum,the atomic spectrum radiation region and duration were longer than that of ion spectrum,the continuous radiation region and duration were minimum. Combining with the temporal and spatial distribution spatial distribution species radiation intensity,the detailed mechanism of the generation of laser induced species radiation was discussed,the continuous radiation comes from the Bremsstrublung emission of energetic electrons ejected from the target and recombination of electron and ion near target,the primary mechanism of atomic excitation and ion excitation in plasma is inelastic collision between the elemental species and high-kinetic energy electron,the model can explain the experimental results qualitatively.

Polarization Dependent Loss (PDL) accumulated by devices such as optical modulators,switches,filters,isolators in fiber-optic communications system remarkably degradated the transmission property of the whole link so that PDL of passive components became an important specification parameter. PDL of M-Z modulator influenced by stress between InP/In1－X GaXAS1－y Py-MQW and its substrate and hence the Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) represented by Differential Group Delay(DGD) were first experimently observed by Agilent 81910A Photonic All Parameter Analyzer. The outcome shows PDL and DGD of semiconductor Multiple-Quantum-Well(MQW) are consistent. During the fabrication of semiconductor optical devices,the residual stress between InP/In1－X GaXAS1－y Py-MQW and its substrate should be lessened as greatly as possible to avoid its impact on high speed optical devices'performance.

Photo-induced reaction processes and factor of Bragg mismatch in the photopolymer for holographic storage were studied. On the basic of analysis of the theory,the relationship of Bragg mismatch and exposure time was deuced. The curve of the experiment indicated that the Bragg mismatch increased with the increasing of exposure time firstly,then reached saturation. The experimental results compared with analysis of the theory and they are fitted well. All those show that the analysis of the Bragg mismatch is reasonable.

A reformed method for detecting microangular displacement was proposed according to the characteristic of the half-wavelength GRIN lens. The transfer function from the microangular displacement to the coupling efficiency was deduced by analyzing the transmission of the beam and the geometrical parameter of the model. Considering the limit to measure range of the model,a feasible method was also proposed. The result of the research indicates that this model not only has a wide measure range,but also has a high precision with good linearity.

A variable nonlinear feedback (VNF) method was proposed to control chaotic systems.Control principles and the technique to select the feedback coefficients were introduced. This control method was theoretically studied with a single-mode laser Haken-Lorenz system. The numerical simulation results showed that the maximum Lyapunov exponent of the system can be changed from positive values into negative ones by appropriately selecting feedback coefficients,and the orbits of the system can be changed from the chaotic attractor into the periodic orbits in phase space,the numbers of periodic orbits are 2n×3mp(n,m are integers). Comparison between the VNF method and the linear feedback method has been made which shows that the former is speeder,simpler and more efficient.

A physical model of columned optical material irradiated by repetitive pulses laser was established. The distributions of temperature and stress profile were studied by the use of a 2-D model of heat conduction. By using a example of K9 glass in numerical calculation,it is shown that damage threshold of laser intensity in facus center was influenced by the number,width,repetitive frequency and laser radius of pulse laser. Under most condition,the damage of K9 glass is stress damage.

By using the degrees of polarization (DOP) ellipsoid method,the values of differential group delay (DGD) and the direction of the principal sterte of polarization (PSP) were obtained from limited sampling data in the experiment,which provided the most key factors of the feed-forward compensation scheme. Moreover,the values of DGD obtained from the experiment were accordant with that of the theoretical values when the DGDs were less than 30 ps. Results indicated that DGD and the orientation of PSP could be obtained by using the DOP ellipsoid method in the experiments.

Using the two-dimensional coupled-wave theory,the diffraction properties of the 90-degree readout geometry of the finite size planar holographic grating which recorded by short-wavelength,but reconstructed by telecommunication long-wavelength were investigated. The effects of the grating geometrical size to the diffraction efficiency and to the Bragg selectivity of the grating were studied. It was shown that,as the horizontal direction and vertical direction sizes of the grating increase,the diffraction efficiency of holographic grating increased. When the horizontal and vertical direction sizes were changed while their products contain constant,the diffraction efficiency contain constant. The Bragg selectivity increased with the geometrical size of the grating increasing.

There are two types of the interferogram of spatially modulated imaging Fourier transform spectrometer (SMIFTS),namely single sided and double sided. In the case of single sided interferogram there are usually a small portion of sampling points around the zero path difference(ZPD) for phase correction. In this paper,some aspects of data processing of the single sided interferogram are discussed in detail including apodization and phase correction. A novel weighting and apodization method is proposed and better recovered spectra are obtained by computer simulation. It is found that under adequate conditions,the reconstructed spectra from single sided interferogram are good enough for application mean while the raw data rate is smaller than double sided sampling.

By combining the X-ray imaging technology and the low light level imaging technology,the research group designed the novel combined X-ray image intensifier. Before the design,the spectrum compatibility between Gd2O2 S : Tb,CaWO4 intensifying screens and Super S252 Super S251 photo cathode was analyzed,and the calculated values were 0.644,0.761,0.369,0.571 respectively. Basing on the spectral matching curves and the spectral matching factor values,the combination of Gd2O2S : Tb screen and Super S252 photo cathode was chosen for the X-ray intensifying system of the novel X-ray machine,which was of high imaging performance.

Absorption characteristic of lithium niobate crystals doped with chromium and copper (Cr and Cu) has been investigated. It is found that there are two apparent absorption bands for LiNbO3 : Cr : Cucrystal doped with 0.14 wt. % Cr2 O3 and 0.O11 wt.% CuO;one is around 480 nm,and the other is around 660 nm. With the decrease of doping composition of Cr and the iNcr ease of doping composition of Cu,there doesn't exist an apparent absorption band in the shorter wavelength range. The higher the doping level of Cr,the larger the absorbance around 660 nm. Though 633 nm red light locates in the absorption band around 660 nm,the absorption at 633 nm will not help the photorefractive process. For LiNbO3 : Cr : Cucrystals,by changing the recording light from 633 nm red light to 514 nm green light,sensitizing with 390 nm ultraviolet light and 488 nm blue light respectively,nonvolatile holographic recording can be realized.Doping appropriate Cr (for instance: Ncr= 2.795X1025 m－3 and Ncr/Ncr=1) benefits to the improvement of holographic recording properties.

Long-period fiber grating (LPFG) written by high frequency CO2 laser pulses in panda polarization maintaining fiber was proposed,and its polarization characteristic was generally studied by experiments. The experiment results show that the resonant amplitude of LPFG changes periodically with a period of π when the polarization angle of incident elliptical polarization light varies from 0 to 2π. The amplitude change directions of two adjacent resonants were opposite with a phase difference of π and the amplitude difference of them in the same incident polarization angle varied periodically as a zigzag wave also with a period of π. The resonant wavelengths of LPFG hardly varied when there was no mode disturbs.Based on mode couple theory,the experiment results were explained qualitatively in this paper.

The attenuation characteristic of a MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) Variable Optical Attenuator has been studied. Via numerical analysis,the relationship between attenuation and the misalignments (lateral misalignment and longitudinal gap) has been analyzed. It has been demonstrated that the linearity of the device could be improved tremendously via close-loop control system. The key performances of the close-loop controlled Variable Optical Attenuator are measured,including response time (about 1.5 ms),dynamic range (about 35 dB),Wavelength Dependent Loss (< 0.4 dB),and Polarization Dependent Loss (<0.1 dB).

For multi-granularity application,both a lambda-group model used in traffic grooming and a new intelligent switching fabric based on the new model were presented. The optical switching fabric presented a distinctive approach of dividing granularities into specific tunnels for effective optical treatment. In addition,two key dynamic algorithm modules of configuration for granularity separation in the control layer were discussed. Simulation results show that the method of particular channel partition can greatly improve the average channel quality and the blocking performance along every optical path for dynamic connection requests.

It is stated that image transmission and access need the throughout of the system exceeding well over Gb/s,if conventional optical code division multiple access system is used as transmission system. it will be very difficult to realize because of the speed limitation of current opto-electronic devices,and the requirement to opto-electronic devices will be very high. The solution is adopted parallel transmission system based on optical code division multiple access. However,the signature of the parallel transmission system is a two-dimensional optical orthogonal signature patterns different from conventional signature sequences. Aiming at the problem that the construction of the maximum capacity of the optical orthogonal signature patterns (optimal optical orthogonal signature patterns) is lacked now,a novel construction algorithm based on block design is presented. The idea of the algorithm is based on the relationship between difference sets and optical orthogonal codes. If the concept of difference sets and block design can be extended to two-dimensional space,then according to the relationship between two-dimensional difference sets and optical orthogonal signature patterns,the construction of optimal optical orthogonal signature patterns can be achieved. The procedures to construct optimal optical orthogonal signature patterns are explained in detail. Simulation based on the algorithm is done. The simulating result shows that this algorithm can construct optimal optical orthogonal signature patterns effectively.

By using of Kubelka-Munk theory,Mie theory and independent scattering approximation,the radiative transfer equation (RTE) was resolved in a infrared coating attached to a highly emissive substrate,and established the computation model of the emittance of the coating in the thermal infrared band(8～14μm). Taking aluminum particles with spherical shape as the pigments,according to the computation results,it' s given the dependence of coating emittance with respect to particle radius,thickness of coating. We proposed the optimum particle radius range of the pigment particles as well.

Using the space relativity and the time relativity of infrared image fully,a Wiener based nonuniformity correction algorithm for IRFPA was proposed. Then the unbiased estimation of radiation signal can be achieved. The filter's parameters were estimated by first-and second-order statistics in timedomain and average in space-domain. As compared with recent typical algorithm,this algorithm has faster rapidity of convergence and higher precision of correction. The theoretical analysis and the experiment with real infrared data show that the proposed algorithm has advantage over others.

The acoustic sensing characters of Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) hydrophone were addressed and the relationship on FBG' s sensing character and the reflection index,grating distance and reflection wavelength bandwidth of the FBG was analyzed. By improving encapsulation structure of FBG sensinghead,the acoustic sensing-index was increased. The experiment sensing result of FBG hydrophone was compared with which of standard hydrophone and response dexterous was demarcated. The sensing signal was demodulated with demodulateonal circuit and the result according with acoustic signal was obtained.The test result indicates that at the acoustic frequency of 1 kHz～30 kHz,compared with the standard piezo-acoustic hydrophone,the frequency response of the FBG hydrophone is very flat and the SNR of output signal is good. The improved measures are in effect.

According to the dynamic response and phase modulation of the liquid crystal,the liquid crystal display (LCD) used for optical testing was investigated in the paper. The LCD was reconstructed into a phase-only spatial light modulator in the experiment. And the phase modulating characteristics were measured. It shows the phase modulation depth is more than one wavelength. The sphere wave with phase modulation magnitude 3.4 λ is achieved by the kinoform method. The former surface of a convex lens was tested by ZYGO interferometer. The parallel straight fringes are obtained and PV is 1/3 λ.

Analyzing and validating the defect of Hough transform and circle fitting method contraposing the issue of concentric circles detection in high precision measurement base on image. The detect method is made use of circle fitting after partitioned the region of image plane is presented based on the axis of system and axial symmetry are superposition. Two algorithm for region partition based on distance space clustering and random sample are found. The limit of initial value error is given. The new algorithm is approve of simple,efficiency and credibility through experimentation. And the algorithm based on random sample fit real time application.

A photo-induced alignment technique using polyimide and azo-dye dopant was described. The new azo-dye material named SY04,which contained two azo groups,was studied. The photo-induced alignment mechanism was investigated by analyzing the polarized absorption spectra. In order to improve the stability of the photo-aligned film,a sort of polyimide material was mixed. The new azo-dye dopant aligning layer produced a high qualitative surface alignment,which resulted in fast response performance and good electro-optical performance. This alignment material provided good thermo-stability and was stable under weak UV irradiation as well.

The complete diagonalized Hamiltonian matrixes of order 120 of 3d3 /3d7 ions configuration in the trigonal symmetry have been established by irreducible representation method and group theory,taking spin-orbit interaction,spin-spin interaction and spin-other-orbit interaction into account. Ground-state energy levels and zero-field splitting parameter were calculated by the matrixes,and the effects of spin doublets on the ground-state energy levels were studied. The calculated values were conformed with the experimental values. The results show that the contributions of doublets cannot be omitted. On these bases,the effects of spin-spin interaction and spin-other-orbit interaction on the fine structures of spectra and zero-field splitting parameter of emerald crystal were studied further. It was found that the effects of spin-spin interaction and spin-other-orbit interaction on the ground-state energy levels and the zero-field splitting parameter cannot be omitted. By comparing the values of theoretical calculation with the experimental values,the existence of Jahn-Teller effects in emerald crystal is confirmed and this can give more reasonable explain on the splitting of fine structures of spectra.

We presented parallel alignment,liquid crystal (LC) devices for an application of Atmosphere Turbulence Simulator (ATS). A novel ATS with a parallel alignment LC TFT was fabricated. Based on theory of atmosphere turbulence simulation with Zernike polynomial,different turbulence wavefronts were produced with the ATS. And the results were measured with the Zygo interferometer. The produced wavefront based on the first 2nd to 8th Zernike polynomial were very good. The 231 Zernike polynomials were used to simulated atmosphere turbulence. The calculated result and experimented result were fitted very well. It indicated that the parallel alignment LC ATS was promissing to be used to simulate atmosphere turbulence.

A effective way to transfer a symmetrical spot light to uniformity illumination by using polygon rod integrating lens was proposed. A detail study has been carried out to obtain square and circle uniformillumination by polygon rod lens. In some specific length,lenses have best uniformity performance. Triangle and hexangular lens are good choice for circle illumination. Triangle lens is best in uniformity,and hexangular lens has better light collecting efficiency. The illumination uniformity is affected sensitively by light source position offset from optical axis.

It is an effective approach to improve CCD imaging resolution by micro-displacing CCD and reconstructing image in a computer. Based on this method,an assortment was proposed to differentiate CCDs by the relationship between pixel size and light-insensitive interval size. If the intervals are neglected,as usual,the quality of the reconstructed high-resolution image using the micro-displacing technology will be reduced,and some information of the original object might be lost. An algorithm which is available for more sorts of CCD is proposed to reconstruct high-resolution image,and the limitation of this approach is also educed. The simulation and experiment result show that the quality of the reconstructed image can be effectively improved.

As the critical dimensions in the semiconductor industry were shrinking,the influences of wafer flatness on lithographic performance became increasingly greater. Based on the imaging performance of the special marks,the relationships between alignment offsets and wafer height offsets were discussed. Then,a novel method for measuring the wafer flatness was presented. Experiments show that wafer flatness and the surface topography can be measured in situ by the technique with high accuracy. Taking into account of the nonuniformity of the adsorption power of vacuum chuck,wafer flatness can be measured with high accuracy. Compared to the level sensor based method,the spatial resolution is increased by 67%. The surface topography of the wafer can be obtained by the new method.

Optical encoder is the important sensor used for length and angle measurement. A new type optical encoder:virtual absolute encoder has inherited the advantage of the two old traditional ones. The principle of virtual absolute encoder has been introduced. A practical coding algorithm was designed according to the characters of the slit disk. The code design of indexing track highest to 17 bits comes true with the aid of computer aided design(CAD). A method to decode was also developed,which can convert the binary cyclic code into binary natural code,and this method furnishes the further engineering practice with the theoretical foundation.

WSZ (Wedge-Strip and Zig) extreme ultraviolet (EUV) detector was designed by the charge division theory. Based on MCP and single photon imaging,the detector has original advantages on faint light detection. Three channels data acquisition circuits were designed to detect pulses with 100～200 ms widths and 1～20 pC total charges. The circuits were tested under vacuum condition and electron pulses proportionate to the acreages of the anodes with noises less than 10 mV are gathered and processed. It is reasoned to expect a resolution of 100 × 100 of this detector.

The designed electron diffraction system consists of an ultra-fast electron gun,a sample chamber,a readout system,a power supply system,and a vacuum system,and it bears such unique characteristics as high energy,high temporal resolution,and high detection capacity.The photocathode is of a 35 nm Ag film deposited on an MgF2 glass disk,and it is sensitive to ultraviolet light with wavelength of 266 nm. A magnetic lens is used to focus the electrons. Two pairs of electric deflection plates are used in the X and Y directions respectively to control the movement of the electrons,and one pair of them will act as a scanning plate while measuring the pulse width of electrons. The sample chamber is made of stainless steel,and in the middle of the chamber there is a specimen holder,capable of shifting in three dimensions and turning around its axis. The diffraction pattern recording system has a very high detecting efficiency,and even a single electron could be detected. A cascade MCP detector is used to ensure an electron gain reached to 104. The electron gun is in a vacuum system of 10－4 Pa. The whole gun is shielded by a μ-metal sheath. The designed temporal resolution of the ultra-fast electron diffraction system(UED) is about 358fs.

A femoto-streak image tube has been designed,in which a static electrode was used as the focus lens. The distribution of the initial kinetic energy,the initial azimuth angle,elevation angle and position of the photoelectrons were sampled with Monte Carlo method. The spatial electric field strength was calculated with Finite Difference method,and the trajectories of 3000 photoelectrons were calculated with fourth Runge-Kutta method. After analysis the spatial and temporal distribution of the electrons on the optimum plane,the basic character parameters such as the spatial transfer function and temporal resolution et al of the image tube were provided,the total temporal resolution of the image tube was expected to reach to 290.4 fs.

Double Decent elliptical Gaussian beams solution to the wave equation were obtained. By the generalized Collins integral,the propagation characteristics of Double Decent elliptical Gaussian beam passing through an ABCD was studied;the propagation formula of passing through optical systems was derived;the analytical expressions of intensity distribution is derived and numerical examples is illustrated. It was furnished in analyzing physically the propagation properties of the beams of high-power laser diodes. This novel model was used for describing the beam output characteristics of high-power laser diodes. The theory result matches experiment result well.

A simply and analytical formula of the axial light intensity distribution behind a circular aperture is derived by using the Helmhotz-Kirchhoff integral theorem and the Kirchhoff' s boundary conditions. It is studied the nonparaxial on-axis intensity distribution throughout the whole space behind a circular aperture. An accurate formula to calculate the Fresnel number of circular aperture is presented and the validity of usual Fresnel number formula is reexamined. By using the analytical formula and diffraction integral formula,some numerical simulation comparisons are done,and it is shown that the results of the two methods are completely coincident.

Light diffraction from liquid surface acoustic waves at low-frequency was experimentally realized. In the experiment steady and visible diffraction patterns were obtained,and the obvious asymmetry of patterns was observed for the first time. Theoretically the approximate conditions of the surface wave diffraction were analyzed,and the corresponding analytic expression of angle width of diffraction patterns was derived,which explained the asymmetry distribution well. The symmetry distribution of diffraction pattern is a universal rule. And whether it can be observed obviously depends on the ratio of the wavelength of surface wave and light. The bigger the ratio is,the more obvious the asymmetry distribution is . Under the condition that the surface wavelength is close to the light wavelength,the diffraction patterns can be considered as a kind of symmetry distribution approximately.

Multi-light beam scattering from fractal rough surface based on method of moment was studied.In order to investigate scattering field of multi-light beam with different incident angle,the tapering parameter,illumination region,rms height and fractal dimension,and numerical simulation were carried out. The results of simulation show some relationship between distribution of scattering field and these parameters. It could provide reference to decrease the error for multi-light measurement.

Based on the study of a great deal of the experiment curves,the current study points out that all the energy levels in potential well have a certain width and the probability of the appearance of the electronics or holes in each energy level matches the normal distribution,and analyses the luminescent spectrum and absorption spectrum of Superlattice I and single potential well with double barrier theoretically,explains the absorption sides of the absorption spectrum in both the GaAs/Ga1－xAlxAs multiquantum wells and Superlattice and the“blue move” of each absorption peaks when the quantum well narrowing down. Furthermore,discusses the electric current-voltage and the conductance-voltage characteristic of the GaAs/Ga1-x.AlxAs single potential well sample with double barrier and the “negative resistance effect”.