The cylindrical waveguide (optical fiber) with a metal outer clad is analysed. The transmission constant of core mode and clad mode were derived from vector method. And some characteristics of the mode in metal clad fiber were studied. The effect of metal clad on the long period fiber grating is discussed. The accuracy of the conclusion is affirmed by experiments.

Intensity/phase transfer matrices are derived to characterize both cross phase modulation (XPM) and Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) in cascaded IM DD optical fiber transmission systems. Based on the calculation of intensity noise spectrum, comparative study of XPM and SRS induced crosstalk is performed analytically and numerically. Analysis reveals that SRS and XPM leads mainly to low frequency and high-frequency noise, respectively; crosstalk from adjacent channels is mainly attributed to XPM while that from channels afar mainly attributed to SRS; in cascaded transmission systems, crosstalk noise power from SRS may even exceed that from XPM. Finally, some suggestions are proposed for the design and analysis of DWDM systems.

The adjustable coupling effect of plastic fiber dual taper and semisphere medium cavity implemented by using He Ne laser is reported. The emitting efficiency of fiber dual taper is measured. The coupling efficiency of semisphere cavity relative to surface area of semisphere and distance between dual taper and semisphere cavity is also measured. Based on to this effect, an adjustable plastic optical fiber coupler can be made. Furthermore, add drop devices suitable to plastic optical fiber transmission networks can be constructed by adding a tunable filter.

The transmission performance of Gaussian pulses over ultra high polarization mode dispersion (PMD) fiber is studied. The Gaussian pulses are broken into a series of deformed pulses in the experiment. And the phenomenon has been explained as the walk-off of the deformed pulses caused by ultra high PMD. Transmission experiment has been done by using a fiber with PMD coefficient of 237.95 ps/km 1/2 . The simulated result is consistent with the experimental one.

A simple and novel numerical algorithm is proposed to simulate the transmission performance of a counter multiwave pumped Raman amplifier. In this model the system impact caused by dispersion, nonlinear and ASE is considered, and the results have satisfying accuracy. As an application, a 64×10 Gb/s Raman broadband multi stage system was simulated, and the influence of different input signal power level was compared. Some helpful conclusions are achieved.

A novel plastic optical fiber (POF) power coupler is proposed, which is different from fused taper type and mixing rod POF couplers. Loss factors of this coupler are analyzed theoretically. This coupler is based on thermal feature of POF, the two ends of the coupler is composed of fused drawn tapered fiber and thermal contracted tapered fiber. It is characterized by its simple configuration and easy fabrication. Experimental results indicate that the performance can meet the requirement of short distance plastic optical fiber transmission networks.

General analytical solutions are given by means of Chebyshev polynomial for directional couplers, which are made up by lossless multi waveguides in a line or in a ring, weak coupling existing only between neighbored waveguides and polarization coupling being not considered also. As examples, expressions for the 2×2,3×3 and 4×4 directional couplers in the form of line are deduced. Besides, solution to the 3×3 directional coupler arranged in a ring is given and analyzed in detail.

A novel tunable gain equalizer based on the long period fiber gratings written by high frequency CO 2 laser pulses was demonstrated. The resonant wavelength and resonant peak amplitude of the gain equalizer can be tuned by means of adjusting the temperature and transverse load independently. In addition, the wavelength and the peak amplitude have a good linearity with temperature and transverse load respectively, showing that this tunable equalizer is a practical approach to realize dynamic gain equalization in Erbium doped fiber amplifier systems.

Phase unwrapping is widely applied in a variety of fields including optical and microwave interferometry, adaptive optics, synthetic aperture radar and image processing. A phase unwrapping method based on segmenting regions containing phase jumps is proposed. The more the neighbors around a pixel have phase values near π and -π, and the smaller the number difference between the neighbors near π and -π is, the more possibly the pixel locates near a phase jump line. The pixels with high possibility form the phase jump regions, which can be eliminated by compensating the pixels with a multiply of 2π to minimize the phase difference between them and their neighbors. After removing phase jumps, ordinary filtering operations can be utilized to postprocess the noisy unwrapped phase map. Computer simulation and experimental results make it clear that the method can effectively remove noise in phase map and unwrap the wrapped phase.

The extinction ratio of Mach Zehnder interferometer is studied. A new structure based on Mach Zehnder interferometer and fiber loop mirror is presented. The characteristic of the transmission spectrum of Mach Zehnder interferometer is greatly improved. And a single channel optical switch is proposed and designed accordingly. The dynamic range of 37.4 dB is obtained in the switch.

A new method of reducing the dimensions of color vector (CV) representation is proposed. By analyzing the color data distribution of true color digital micrographs (TCDM) of human leukocyte in I 1I 2I 3 CV representation spaces, the 3D CV representation is reduced to 2D I 2I 3 CV representation based on the human visual system. Employing the I 2I 3 CV representation as the CV representation of images, the TCDMs of human leukocyte is segmented with back-propagation (BP) network. The experimental results show that, comparing with the I 1I 2 CV representation, by using this I 2I 3 CV representation method the CV representation is optimized, the convergence of BP network is accelerated, and the accuracy of images segmentation is increased.

A new technique for reconstructing three dimensional refractive index field was proposed, which utilized a confocal system to scan the reconstructed holographic interferogram of a measured object in three dimension, and the recorded interference intensity was processed to obtain three dimensional refractive index field. For this method, the mechanism is very simple, and the multidirectional holographic interferometric scan and complex reconstruction algorithm are not needed, also not interfere the measured field and is a non-intrusive measurement method. The priliminary experimental result was given to demonstrate the feasibility of this method.

A method of color three-dimensional laser scanning measurement based on the monochrome three-dimensional measurement and color digital image is presented. A three-dimensional light plane equation measurement model is derived. A novel calibration method to determine the system parameters is proposed, as well as a calibration jig is designed and produced. An auto-merging technique on color information and the three-dimensional measured data is brought out. The satisfying result is obtained by the experimental measurement on a doll cat model with the system.

Incremental optical encoder measures length and angle based on the principle of moiré fringes. The eccentricity and shaking of two disks′ axis may affect the phase of moiré fringes signal detected by encoder readout. This phase error may cause systematic error on angle measuring. According to the elementary theory of two grating disks forming moiré fringes, an improved model of optical encoder was proposed, and theoretical formula on phase of moiré fringes taking account of shaft eccentricity was deduced. This phase error caused by shaft eccentricity, the principle of designing incremental optical encoder and dispelling the systematic error were analyzed and discussed.

A general formulae of signal intensity on time delay four wave mixing with incoherent light (TDFWM IL) is deduced based on two level model. The result shows that signal intensity in TDFWM IL is symmetric for linewidth limited light beams, the signal peak is proportional to the linewidth of excitation beams and inversely proportional to longitudinal relaxation rate. The result is applicable to the study of ultrafast dynamitic process in semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) and active light waveguide. Furthermore, an effective experimental scheme based on the TDFWM IL structure of LED is proposed for the observation of inter and intra band carrier relaxation rates in the active medium.

The effects of surface potential on the binding and fluorescence of 1 anilinonaphthalene 8 sulfonate (ANS) in suspensions of bacteriorhodopsin are investigated. The ANS binding depends on the surface potential which modulates the apparent binding constant of ANS on the bR membrane. The surface potential of the binding ANS measured in energized is larger than in nonenergized bR membrane. In the laser four wave mixing experiment, the saturation density and the length of exitons are obtained under the one-dimensional exciton phase space filling model. The values result in improving the highly efficient energy transfer from the aromatic amino acids of bR to the bound ANS and in raising the density of the surface charge of the energized bR so that the non radiation resonant transfer is made to be exciton transfer, and the surface potential of energized bR has its nonlinear optical mechanism.

The principle of projection type micro optical encoder has been described and the optics theory of grating imaging is deduced. And the encoder is developed based on MEMS technology. The integrated encoder consists of scale grating, index grating and photodiodes therefore it is compact and easy to alignment. Experiment indicates that the fabricated encoder can measure the displacement and is completely feasible and has obvious advantages both in cost and miniaturization compared with traditional optic encoder.

A study is given to the necessary conditions for construction of normal vector wave functions in homogeneous stratified media. The result shows, if normal vector wave functions in a foresaid media need to be constructed, the Morse Feshbach creteria must be observed, and the unit vector of coordinate axis in line with step varying direction of refractive index can be selected as the piloting vector.In some special case,the selective conditions of the piloting vector can be relaxed,only the Morse Feshbach criteria must be observed.

A new type broadband, high isolation optical isolator with Fresnel rhomb to replace 1/4 wave plate is reported. Its degree of optical isolation is greater than 40 dB, and it is effective in a wide range of wavelengths.

The memory simulated annealing approach is presented for designing an optical FIR filter based on crystal birefringence, which is able to provide arbitrary spectrum output with double channels. As an effective way to make global optimization through random search, simulated annealing algorithm simulates the slowly physical process of solid annealing to get lowest inner energy. The procedure of employing the algorithm to get satisfied results in relatively fewer crystal slices is described, and an example of broadband G/M filter, including the experimental results is given to demonstrate its feasibility and effectiveness.

An optical system with two lens zero focal power corrector and single reflector is discussed based on the third order aberration theory. Non aberration conditons of the system, in which two lens zero focal power corrector are located in front and back of the reflector, is analyzed. At the same time, calculating fomula for solving the parameter of the two lens zero focal power corrector is given.

Based on vector diffraction theory, a new kind of tunable binary annular filters applied to high numerical aperture objectives is designed, and how to decide annular radius in order to increase axial resolution is discussed. Moreover, confocal microscopy is used to reduce the strength of secondary lobes. Numerical results show that this new kind of pupil filters can realize not only axial superresolution, but also not influence transverse resolution.

Using the properties of the inverses of annihilation and creation operators of f oscillator, two two mode non Hermitian realization of SU(1,1) Lie algebra is obtained, and on this basis, two nonlinear pair coherent states are introduced, their statistical properties of photon and phase characteristics are discussed.

ZrO2 thin films were prepared on BK7 substrates by ion beam reactive sputtering, magnetron reactive sputtering and electron beam evaporation, respectively. The surface morphology was studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The roughness exponent α, the lateral correlation length ζ and the interface width w were obtained by numerical correlation calculation, in which the value of roughness exponent of the films was measured to be 0.61, 0.81 and 0.9, respectively. The mechanism of film growth is different under different conditions. In the case of ion beam reactive sputtering and magnetron reactive sputtering, the interfaces of films are determined by stochastic deposition, desorption and diffusion effect of atom or atomic clusters on the interface. The sputtering growth process can be described by a noisy Kuramoto Sivashinsky equation. But for electron beam evaporation, desorption effect of atom or atomic clusters can be neglected, then the dynamic behavior of growth may be described by Mulliins diffusion model. It was also found that the temperature of substrates had great effect on the morphology of grown interface during the deposition of films.

A simple formula for calculating the interfacial roughness of multilayer by using the small angle X ray diffraction curves of the samples is given. The Mo/Si multilayer is prepared by using the magnetron sputtering, and the small X ray diffraction spectrum for the multilayer is measured by using X ray with the wavelength of 0.154 nm. The interfacial roughness are given by the combination of the formula with the small angle X ray diffraction spectrum, and fitting the measured spectrum to the theoretical diffraction spectrum respectively. The results show that the calculated data of the interfacial roughness from the formula is closer to that given by fitting curve, which equals the real roughness of Mo/Si multilayer.

Some single layer films of different materials used in the ultraviolet region, which include oxide and fluoride, have been made on the fused silica substrate by resistive heating evaporation or electron beam bombardment technique. According to their transmissivity in 200～2000 nm, dispersion curves of these materials′ refractive index n and extinction coefficient k are obtained. Then their band gap through Tauc plot method and cut off wavelengths are got.

A technology of analyzing composition and optical properties of the diamond film deposited by MPCVD method is developed. Using infrared spectroscopic ellipsometer (IRSE) to analyze the composition and optical properties of the diamond film on Si substrate, the effect of different conditions of deposition process and annealing on the optical properties of the diamond film is studied. Experiments indicate that there are C-H bond, C=C bond, O-H bond and C=O bond in the diamond film. The growth conditions have an important effect on the content of C-H bond and C=C bond and refractive index of the diamond film. After annealing an obvious improvement of the optical properties of the diamond film is found.