Photoacoustic imaging and laser induced breakdown spectroscopy are two technologies that have been developed very rapidly in the imaging field in recent years, and have great potential in medical imaging. When the laser irradiates the tissue, both the photoacoustic signals and plasma are generated on the surface of the tissue. The photoacoustic signal carries the characteristic information of light absorption in the tissue, and the characteristic spectrum of the plasma can also trace the element information in the tissue. This paper summarizes the research background and imaging principle of the two technologies, and further demonstrates the possibility of a combination of the two technologies by analyzing the photoacoustic imaging and LIBS imaging modes, and introduces their applications in the fields of pathological section imaging and tissue metal element tracing. Finally, we discuss and prospect the bimodal imaging system combining the two technologies, which is expected to play an important role in the field of medical diagnosis and imaging.

Salt stress seriously affects plant growth and is a serious factor restricting the safe production of crops.? High salt can cause disturbance of ions in plants, and ultimately affect the development, growth and yield of plants.?It is very important to understand and improve the salt resistance mechanism of crops to ensure the safe production of crops.?In this paper, the harm of salt stress on plants, sodium ion transport, and the response mechanism of plants to salt stress were reviewed.?The aim is to provide some theoretical basis for promoting the study of the responding mechanisms of salt stress in plants.

The nerve inflammation induced by the interactions between Aβ1- 42 and microglia has been regarded as the important pathological indication of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) involved in the inflammatory response and immune regulation of microglia. To observe the effects of the expression and electrophysiological properties of ASIC in microglia after exposure to Aβ1-42, primary cultured rat microglia were incubated with Aβ1-42. The protein expression and distribution of ASIC1, ASIC2a and ASIC3 were tested by Western blotting and immunofluorescence experiments. Whole-cell patch clamp was adopted to detect the ASIC current properties of microglia. Calcium imaging was performed to investigate the ion permeability of ASIC in microglia. The results showed that the protein expression of ASIC1 increased in Aβ1-42 stimulated microglia, the protein expression of ASIC1 in the cytoplasm and nucleus both increased. Meanwhile, acid-induced ASIC current and elevation of intracellular calcium increased, which could be inhibited by the nonspecific ASIC antagonist amiloride and specific ASIC1 blocker PcTx1. Therefore, this study confirmed that the functional expressed of ASIC1 increased in Aβ1-42 stimulated microglia, which make ASIC1 easily become activated by extracellular rapid acidification and produce more powerful inward current and acquire permeability to calcium ions, and thus affect the inflammatory response and immune regulation of microglia. This study provides valuable ideas and references for the further exploration of sensing pathway and response regulation of microglia and the occurrence of neurodegenerative diseases.

Functional molecular markers have been widely used in the study of germ cell development of human and other model organisms, whereas less applications were in fishes. In this study, RNA Pol II CTD (S5) was used as a functional molecular marker for immunofluorescence analysis in germ cell nuclei of common carp, and the related technical parameters were further explored. The results showed that this method could detect the characteristics of mitosis phase and chromosomal immunofluorescence signals, which were related to transcriptional active sites during the development stage of fish germ cells. In addition, the quality of immunofluorescence signals were affected by the critical experimental procedures including chromosome preparation and washing specimens. This study not only provides important molecular markers served as immunoprobe for the study of germ cell development in fishes, but also provides a new detection strategy for fish genetics and breeding.

To gain insight into the physicochemical characteristics and molecular structure of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1), series of bioinformatics tools were used to analyze human GPRE1, its physical-chemical properties, signal peptide region, transmembrane domains, subcellular localization, phosphorylation sites and glycosylated sites, secondary structure, conserve domain, protein-protein interaction networks and correlation with tumor. GPER1 has a relative molecular weight of 42 247.59 Da, its theoretical isoelectric point is 8.63, molecular formula is C1938H3018N510O509S20, unstable coefficient is 48.12, adipose coefficient is 110.51, the average of hydrophilicity is 0.449. GPER1 is a hydrophobic and unstable protein, with 7 transmembrane domains, localized in the plasma membrane (60.9%), endoplasmic reticulum (13.0%) and vacuolar (17.4%), respectively. The secondary structure mainly involves alpha-helix, 4 N-glycosylation sites and 10 O-glycosylation, 27 phosphorylation sites. The interacting proteins of GPER1 mainly include 10 proteins such as ESR1, DLG4, GNAQ and so on. In addition, GPER1 was lowly expressed in UCEC (uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma) tissues, and GPER1 gene mutation group suggesting that the overall survival of UCEC patients significantly decreased. Human GPER1 could be a key factor in the GPCRs (G protein-coupled receptors) signaling pathway, which provided an important reference for further exploring its roles in the molecular mechanism of tumor.

In order to reduce the use of pesticide and the environmental damage of pesticide, starch-based pesticide sustained-release materials and starch-free polymers were synthesized by 60Co γ-ray irradiation. The rotational viscosity, degradability and the sustained-release effects of pymetrozine were studied. The degradability of starch-based material is better than that of starch-free polymers and the pymetrozine sustained-release effect is better than that of attapulgite and starch constrast. At 5 minutes, the pymetrozine release percentage of blank sample was more than 90%, that of attapulgite or starch constrast was more than 50%, and that of starch-based materials was in the range of 10%～20%. At 20 minutes, the pymetrozine release percentage of blank sample was more than 99%, that of attapulgite or starch constrast were more than 85%, and that of starch-based materials was 51%～62%.

This paper aims to study the distribution and drug sensitivity of pathogenic bacteria in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) complicated with pulmonary infection, so as to provide the basis for the correct use of clinical antibiotics. 1 500 strains of pathogenic bacteria were randomly selected from sputum culture samples of patients with COPD complicated with pulmonary infection in a hospital in Changsha from March 2017 to February 2022 for culture identification and drug sensitivity test. The distribution of pathogenic bacteria and the drug resistance characteristics and trends of the main Gram-negative bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii) were counted and analyzed. A total of 1 251 strains (83.40%) of Gram-negative bacteria were detected from 1 500 pathogenic bacteria, of which 384 strains (25.60%) were Klebsiella pneumoniae, 333 strains (22.20%) were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and 303 strains (20.20%) were Acinetobacter baumannii were the top. 126 strains of Gram-positive bacteria (8.40%) were detected from 1 500 pathogenic bacteria, of which 69 strains of Staphylococcus aureus (4.60%) and 27 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae (1.80%) were the top. 123 strains of fungi (8.20%) were detected from 1 500 pathogenic bacteria, mainly 96 strains of Candida albicans (6.40%). The results of drug sensitivity analysis showed that the change of drug resistance rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae to Gentamicin, Levofloxacin, Ceftazidime and Aztreonam was statistically significant (P<0.05). The drug resistance trend of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to Aztreonam was statistically significant (P<0.05). Acinetobacter baumannii showed a high resistance rate to most antibiotics, and the resistance trend to Levofloxacin, Cotrimoxazole and Meropenem is statistically significant (P<0.05). Anti-infection is an important measure in the treatment of COPD, and timely and correct selection of sensitive antibiotics is the key link. This study provides help for the clinically accurate selection of appropriate antibiotics for the treatment of COPD, and also helps to understand the development trend of bacterial resistance in this region, which has important clinical value and significance.

Gut microbiome is related to many major human diseases, and it is of great significance to study the differences in the structure of gut microbiome under different conditions. Due to the phenomenon of zero expansion of the flora data, geometric mean of pairwise ratios (GMPR) was firstly used to normalize the gut microbiome data. This study proposes an improved Spectrum algorithm using the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) dataset being taken as example. Firstly, a similarity matrix based on feature weighting was used, which can avoid ignoring the weights occupied by the different eigenvalue sizes corresponding to each sample/feature in that sample; secondly, the Laplacian matrix was replaced by the Hessian matrix, which can avoid the sensitivity problem of traditional spectral clustering; the original K-means algorithm was replaced by the ISODATA clustering algorithm, the number of clustering centers K can be effectively adjusted. The experimental results showed that normalized mutual information (NMI) is 0.423, Davies-Boulding index (DBI) is 4.751, the Calinski-Harabasz index (CH) is 25.541, Rand index (RI) is 0.835 and the adjusted Rand index (ARI) is 0.019, which was improved compared with the effect before the improvement, and the algorithm could identify the structural differences in the intestinal flora of different types of patients, unearth the key bacteria of the gut microbiome.

Perilla ［Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt.］ is a new type of edible-medicinal oil crop. The transcription factor WRI1 (WRINKLED1) is master regulator in transcriptional control of plant oil biosynthesis and accumulation. To explore the molecular mechanism of PfWRI1 transcription factor in regulating oil synthesis accumulation and stress response in perilla, PfWRI1 transcription factor was cloned from perilla by molecular cloning technique. The sequence characteristics and expression levels were analyzed using bioinformatics analysis tools and semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (sqRT-PCR) and quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) techniques. The results showed that PfWRI1 transcription factor is a member of the AP2 (APETALA2) transcription factor family, which contains two AP2 conserved domains and is localized at the nucleus. Random coil and α-helix were the main structural elements in the secondary structure of PfWRI1 protein. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the closest relatives to PfWRI1 are Sesamum indicum and Persea americana WRI1. The prediction of interacting proteins indicated that PfWRI1 protein might interact with LEC1 (LEAFYCOTYLEDON1), FATA (fatty acyl-acyl carrier protien thioesterase), FATB and PDAT (phospholipids: diacylglycerol acyltransferase). PfWRI1 expressed in all perilla organs/tissues tested, whereas their expression levels were different in these tissues. The expression level of PfWRI1 increased in the early developmental stage and then decreased, and which reached the peak l in seed at 30 days after flowering (DAF) with the seed maturity. It was suggested that PfWRI1 may play an important regulatory role in perilla seed oil synthesis. The expression of PfWRI1 transcription factor peaked after 12 hours under low temperature stress of perilla seedlings, indicating that PfWRI1 may be involved in the response to cold stress. This study lays a foundation for further research on the molecular mechanism and function of PfWRI1 in oil synthesis and accumulation and stress response of perilla, and provides a theoretical basis for genetic improvement and new variety breeding of perilla and other oil crops.

Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is one of the important factors that affect cancer development. The purpose of this study is using bioinformatics method to explore the ERS gene expression in gastric cancer (STAD) and the value of predicting prognosis. The STAD samples were obtained from TCGA database and GEO database. “ConsensusClusterPlus” R package was used to identify ERS-related classification of STAD (C1, C2), external validation based on GEO queue is performed. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were performed to compare the differences of the differential gene enrichment pathways. The “limma” R package was used to identify differentially expressed genes between molecular subtypes. The prognostic model was established by LASSO regression analysis. TCGA training set was divided into two groups according to the median risk value to evaluate significant differences in immune cell infiltration. Survival analysis showed that C1 had a better survival outcome than C2. Six ERS genes related to typing were identified by differential analysis. GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes were involved in various cellular and biological functions among subtypes. An 8-gene prognostic model was constructed by LASSO regression analysis, Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients in the high-risk group had a shorter survival time than those in the low-risk group, and ROC analysis verified the accuracy of the prediction model in predicting the prognosis of STAD. Immunoassay revealed significant differences in immune cell infiltration between the two groups. In this study, patients with STAD were classified based on ERS genes and a new prognostic model was constructed, which can predict the prognosis of STAD patients and provide some reference for personalized treatment.

The expressions of MCMs genes in hepatocellular carcinoma were analyzed based on bioinformatics. The expressions MCMs genes and proteins in HCC were significantly higher than those in normal hepatic tissue (P<0.05). The expressions of MCMs genes increased significantly with the increase of the stage of HCC (P<0.05). Expressions level of MCM2, MCM3, MCM4, MCM5, MCM6, MCM7 were significant correlation with disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) (P<0.05). Patients with high expression of MCMs genes had poorer DFS and overall OS. We further found those proteins that interact with MCMs include MCM10, ORC1, ORC2, ORC4, ORC5, GINS1, GINS2, GINS3, GINS4, CDC6, CDC7, CDC45, ASF1B, CDT1,WDHD1. Metacape signals pathway enrichment analysis showed that MCMs genes were mainly enriched in DNA replication, cell cycle regulation, DNA-dependent DNA replication, activation of replication precursor complex, DNA uncoiling, nuclear gene replication, DNA-regulated replication, CDC6-related initial recognition complex regulation, DNA replication checkpoint regulation, protein-DNA complex assembly and other signal pathways. MCMs were highly expressed in HCC, which were significantly associated with patient prognosis. MCMs expressions showed a clear correlation. MCMs mainly interferes with DNA synthesis and replication, leading to the occurrence and development of HCC.