The field of matterwave interferometry, which dates back to diffraction experiments of electron beams in early days of quantum mechanics and later the separated oscillation field technique in 1950s, has become one of the most promising branches in atomic physics and quantum optics. Due to its very high potential precisions, cold atom interferometry has found fruitful applications in many fields of science and technology, especially in inertial sensor development. We briefly introduce the basic method of coherent momentum manipulation including Raman two-photon transition, Bragg diffraction and Bloch oscillation. We summarize and compare methods of large momentum transfer in atom interferometry, with a highlight on their usefulness and the latest trend of research.

Satellite’s agile task planning is limited by the integration direction of the detector, especially for a remote sensing satellite with single integral direction TDI detector. The optical bidirectional scanning system is proposed. In this system, a plane mirror whose normal direction is at a certain angle to the optical axis is added in. With this mirror, the forward and reverse relationship of the system object image is changed, and the optical path and image quality are not affected. In order to verify the rationality of the optical system, an engineering prototype of optical bidirectional scanning camera is designed and installed. The imaging test of the camera is carried out, the imaging test result is consistent with expectation, and the optical switching effect is obvious. This experiment demonstrates the camera’s ability to adapt to both flight directions. The development process of the prototype is summarized, and the problems to be considered in the future are put forward, which lay a foundation for the application of the optical bidirectional scan camera.

A single cylindrical lens configuration of the focus-error thermal lens technique is presented in this paper, and a theoretical model based on the optical phase shift theory is developed correspondingly to describe the focus error signal. The configuration optimization conditions obtained by the theoretical model show that the position of the cylindrical focusing lens coincides with that of the sample, which results in the difficulty of experiment. Therefore, the influence of the position of cylindrical focusing lens on the optimized values of other configuration parameters, focusing error signal and its nonlinear error are analyzed by numerical calculation. Numerical results show that when the distance between the focusing lens and the sample is less than 0.7 times of the focal length of the cylindrical focusing lens, the optimized values of the probe and excitation-beam radius are approximately unchanged, the distance between the detector and the focusing lens increases slightly, the focus-error signal is greater than 0.85 times, and the theoretical maximum value and the nonlinear error of the focus-error signal is less than 1% with a 0.2 rad of maximum optical phase shift of probe beam.

Compared with the traditional mechanical scanning mechanism, optical phase array has the advantages in scanning accuracy, speed and rotation inertia. Thus, it is considered as a potential solution for multiple targets positioning and three-dimensional imaging in wide view range. Since MEMS integrated photonics technology has been developed rapidly, silicon waveguide optical phase array attracts much attention for its application in panoramic imaging and lidar. A 16-units phase array device is introduced and designed in this article after the basic principle and mathematical model is indicated. And the thermal analysis is also realized while the temperature distribution is simulated. Based on this design, the main components such as grating coupler, MMI beam splitter and grating antenna are simulated and optimized with FDTD. After that, the practical device is fabricated with EBL and the test platform is also built for verifying the device performance. According to the test results, the scanning accuracy (1.2°), range (larger than ±30°) and speed (20 kHz) are derived, so that the full design process is verified.

A new phase shifting profilometry based on single-shot acquisition is proposed. This method retains the phase shifting characteristics and high accuracy of traditional phase shifting profilometry (PSP), and can only captures one deformedpattern during real-time measurement. In traditional phase shifting profilometry, N (N>2) framesof the phase shifting sinusoidal gratingsare projected and N frames of the phase shifting deformedpatterns are captured, and the measurement accuracy is higher as N value increases. The method proposed in this paper only needs to project one sinusoidal grating and captureone deformed pattern while measuring, and the measurement accuracy can be improved by increasing the number of phase shifting, and the characteristics of single-shot acquisition can be guaranteed in both static measurement and real-time 3D measurement. In addition, the mathematical model of this method is more concise than that of the traditional PSP, and the wrapped phase obtained is only related to the height of the object itself, without phase calculation and demodulation of the reference plane and the object to be measured. Compared with other single-shot measurement methods, the accuracy is higher, and effectively avoids the spectrum loss caused by direct filtering of the deformed pattern’s spectrum, or the problems of color aliasing and limited dynamic range caused by other real-time measurements based on PSP. Simulation and experimental results show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.

Before laying aluminum honeycomb panels on the carriage base in the production process of rail vehicles, it is necessary to test the surface shape of the carriage body base in order to determine the height of the rubber pad at the supporting point. Due to the deflection and deformation of the carriage base, the height difference of each supporting point is different, and the overall fitting needs to be carried out according to the measured value. On the basis of obtaining the measurement data of the height difference of the supporting points of the car body base, a three-point plane algorithm suitable for the laying of aluminum honeycomb panels of rail vehicles is proposed, in which the compensation height of the honeycomb panel mounting seat can be determined. The data used by the algorithm is based on the intelligent multi-surface adjustment device of the rail vehicle. By the practice of applying the algorithm to the production process of rail vehicles, it is shown that the algorithm can automatically segment the aluminum honeycomb panels according to the length, determine the optimal thickness of the rubber pads at the support points, so that the aluminum honeycomb panels are laid flat and the height difference at the joints is minimized robustly and reliably.

In the research and development of EMG equipment and precision devices, as well as daily experiments such as circuit calibration and sensor application, digital multi-meter is often used to measure weak signals. However, digital multi-meters can only display the acquired signals in real time and cannot store them, which makes reading inconvenient and brings trouble for experiments and work. In order to solve this problem, a current signal acquisition system based on LabVIEW is developed. The system can display the collected waveform on the panel in real time, and store the detected accurate current data and reading time to PC. The experimental results show that the system can better display the current signal and store the signal, avoid the error of reading the digital multi-meter with the naked eye, and enhance the accuracy of reading the data.

The number of different human leukocytes is one of the important basis of disease diagnosis. Accurate segmentation of leukocytes is an important prerequisite step before classification and counting of leukocytes, and it determines the accuracy of counting. For different blood smear images obtained using various staining methods, according to color calibration, adjusting R, G and B components of the RGB images will change the color information of the images. Then based on H component in HSI color space and combined with Otsu automatic threshold method and area threshold method, a complete and single leukocyte images will be located and segmented, which will be used in subsequent classification and counting. The experimental results show that this method has high segmentation accuracy, strong practicability, simple operation and high efficiency.

Aiming at the problem that the maximum range of the laser rangefinder changes significantly under different atmospheric conditions, the relationship between the apparent optical parameter atmospheric visibility V and the atmospheric absorption coefficient, scattering coefficient and total attenuation coefficient are established, and the Monte Carlo method is used to simulate the laser atmospheric transmission process. The long-range laser rangefinder of Voxtel Corporation of the United States is taken as an example to quantitatively calculate the influence of visibility on the maximum range in foggy environment. The results show that the laser rangefinder with a nominal maximum range of 10 km has a maximum range of 30 m, 335 m and 1 240 m under the environmental conditions of 20 m, 300 m and 1 500 mm of visibility, respectively. And the maximum range of rangefinder will change obviously along with the change of meteorological conditions. This simulation method evaluates the influence of atmospheric optical parameters on the laser rangefinder range and guides parameter optimization in the system design process.

The laser transmission quality will be affected if the surface of ultra-smooth optical component of laser system is polluted. In order to reduce the contamination deposition, the study on characteristics of contaminant deposition on ultra-smooth optical surface is of great significance. In this paper, the samples treated by different means are tested by atomic force microscope and Fourier infrared spectrometer. The results show that the deposition of contamination is increasing with the increase of time. This kind of contaminant might contain -NH chemical bond, which will cause the change of roughness of the ultra-smooth optical surface, also, it can be effectively removed by cleaning with alcohol, acetone or chromic acid, or by means of plasma discharge in oxygen atmosphere. However, high temperature baking has no obvious effect on the elimination of contaminant. This result is considered that the possible cause of surface contamination on the ultra-smooth optical component in vacuum system is the slow release of the residual organics during the process of optical component processing. Therefore, for ultra smooth optical elements with extremely high cleanliness requirements, auxiliary materials that are easy to be eliminated by organic solvent are suggested to be used as much as possible during the processing process, and the storage time should be reduced after processing, which can effectively improve the cleanliness of optical elements.

The eye-safe laser is introduced with a wide temperature working and MW-level peak power. The semiconductor laser cross-pumped Nd∶YAG 1.06 μm laser is used as the pump source. The eye-safe laser output is realized by an intracavity pumped non-critical phase KTP optical parametric oscillator. The laser performance test results show that when the frequency is 5 Hz, the average laser output energy is 56 mJ, the pulse width is 2.02 ns, the peak power reaches 28 MW, and the laser divergence angle is about 5 mrad. Under the environmental conditions of -45~65 ℃, the laser energy changes by 3.8%, and it can work for a long time in the high and low temperature environment. The laser has a compact structure and high reliability. The device has been produced nationwide. It has been engineered to be used in laser ranging and laser imaging.

The beam scanning method based on the Risley prisms can realize the arbitrary pointing of the beam in the field of view by the coaxial independent rotation of the prism group. It is widely used in laser radar, infrared countermeasures, optical reconnaissance and other fields for its compact structure, high pointing accuracy, low power consumption, and rapid response. Experimental results show that the spiral scanning method can meet the indicators of controllable field of view, controllable coverage, controllable period, and stable speed. However, there is still a certain sudden change in the speed of the prism near the maximum opening angle and the minimum opening angle, due to the scan trajectory setting and the limitation of the motor’s maximum speed, acceleration, etc. , resulting in excessive servo control errors. In order to solve the problem, an optimization method based on the combination of filtering and interpolation for the scan trajectory is proposed. Experiments show that the rotation speed of the prism after optimization tends to be smooth, and the maximum servo control error is reduced from about 1 200″ to about 300″, which is as small as 1/4 of the original. This method reduces the follow-up servo control error caused by the sudden change in the speed of the prism, optimizes the rotation process of the prism, reduces the jitter caused by the sudden change in the speed of the prism, and is beneficial to improve the scanning accuracy of the system.

During the drilling with ultrasonic vibration, the dominant factor of the surface quality is the maximum depth of the scratch on the ceramic glass surface. Based on the brittle fracture mode of material removal, the calculation theoretical model is established. The influences of parameters are grit diamond, rotating speed of diamond tool and cutting speed. The best values of which are grit diamond 650#, rotating speed of diamond tool 12 000 rpm and cutting speed 5 mm/min based on the orthogonal experiment. It can improve the surface quality of ceramic glass. The obtained results are surface roughness Ra value of hole 0.055 1 μm after chemical polishing.

In order to realize the automation and digitization of various optical measurements on the optical bench, the LCOS micro-display is used as the target generator and added to the optical bench measurement system to replace the traditional reticle, and the CMOS camera is used as the image receiver to construct the digital optical bench optical measurement system, which improves the flexibility and adaptability of the system. Based on the digital optical bench system, the automatic generation method of the digital image target is studied. Based on the principle of digital correlation, the use of sine-distributed periodic targets, the high-precision automatic extraction algorithm of digital image targets is studied, and good robustness and repeatability error of 8×10-5 are shown. The method of calculating the period by digital fitting is used to measure the focal length of the small field of view optical system. The experimental results show that the relative error of this method is 0.24%, which can be used for the focal length measurement of the small field of view optical system.

Infrared channel window of the photoelectric device will be caused imaging blur due to frosting and fogging, which will affect the use of the equipment. In order to solve this problem, the infrared photoelectric equipment channel window is analyzed, on the basis of heating technology in high resistance is given on the silicon substrate guided electric plating metal gate of the heated solution. And the test are carried out. The experimental results of heating function, performance, safety and environmental adaptability show that this method can effectively solve the problem of frosting and fogging in infrared channel window.

Aiming at the problem of parfocalization feafures of continuous zoom infrared lens at different temperatures, a synchronous motion control method is proposed according to the compensation curve fitting of parfocalization feafures of continuous zoom infrared lens. The zoom motion and the compensation motion are combined by using master-slave cooperative motion, path planning, trajectory decomposition and synthesis. After prediction compensation, synchronous sampling and interpolation algorithm, the compensation motion is completed quickly. In addition, the root node calibration and position coupling are used to reduce the cumulative compensation error. Under the cooperative action of the zoom motor and the compensation motor, it is ensured that the infrared lens can realize the zoom uniform motion at different ambient temperatures, and the focus uniformity is within the specified accuracy range, so as to realize the focus uniformity of the infrared lens. It can effectively make up for the lack of focus uniformity of continuous zoom infrared lens due to continuous operation or temperature change.

Surface-type infrared decoy is a typical countermeasure against infrared imaging guided missile. Its infrared radiation performance is an important technical indicator that determines the effectiveness of surface-source infrared decoy anti-missile combat. In this paper, the error factors of the airfield measurements of infrared radiation performances are analyzed. In the key process of radiation calibration, measure distance selection, image elements selection and atmospheric attenuation correction, some efficient methods and control measures in calibration and testing process are presented. The measurement accuracy of infrared radiation is improved from 9.8% to 21.7% of the traditional method to 5.4% to 10.1%. Thus, the effective means are provided in airfield measurements of infrared radiation performances.

The output position error of the polar inertial/satellite integrated navigation system continues to diverge under the ‘wandering system combination + grid system or lateral system output’ system. To avoid this problem, the divergence mechanism of the position error of the horizontal system or grid system is analyzed and verified, the inertial navigation arrangement scheme and the inertial navigation error equation under the Earth-centered-Earth-Fixed System (ECEF) are derived and the ECEF system inertial/satellite combined algorithm is designed. Finally, by solving the problem, it lays the foundation for the ultra-long-endurance lateral system or the grid system output global navigation under the inertial/satellite combined physique.According to the inertial navigation and satellite navigation data, the combined inertial/satellite algorithm of the wandering system and the combined inertial/satellite algorithm of the ECEF system are compared and analyzed, and the effectiveness of the combined inertial/satellite algorithm of the ECEF system in avoiding position error divergence is verified. It can better avoid the problem of position error divergence caused by the conversion of the output information of the polar navigation, and realize the high-precision and long-term integrated navigation of the polar region.

Target pointing accuracy, as one of the core indicators of photoelectric tracking equipment, is the focus of attention in the equipment design, manufacturing and testing stages. The photoelectric tracking equipment installed on ships and other moving carriers often adds a stable platform to control the optical axis and image stabilization. Taking a photoelectric tracking and pointing device with a stable platform as an example, a kinematics-based target pointing error model is established is this paper. And based on this model, the geometric errors are assigned in detail, which can be used to guide the analysis, assembly and calibration of similar products.

As the key component of inertial navigation system, the output accuracy of angular velocity of RLG plays a decisive role in the positioning and orientation accuracy of navigation system. When the external environment (such as temperature) changes, the optical path of the RLG will be deformed to a certain extent, which will lead to the offset of the input axis of the RLG, and then lead to the inaccurate angular velocity of the sensitive carrier of the RLG. In this paper, the optical path deformation and the input axis offset of RLG are calculated and analyzed from theoretical calculation and numerical simulation. The simulation results show that there is a positive correlation between the deformation of the optical path and the offset of the input axis. When the light spot on the on the two plane mirrors of the RLG moves by 0.2mm, the cosine value of the offset angle of the input axis of the RLG is about 0.999 96, that is, the angular velocity error is about 0.004%. Under the guidance of theoretical analysis, the experiment is designed. The experimental results show that when the temperature changes greatly, the optical path of some RLGs will deform and the input axis of laser gyroscope will shift. The cosine value of the shift angle is about 0.999 980, that is, the angular velocity error is about 0.002%. This paper provides a reference for establishing the temperature compensation model of RLG.