It is recognized that the electro-optical technology is on the frontier in new century era. As the novel areas such as artifitial intelligence, unmanned platform develops rapidly, electro-optical technology has greater application potential in military area. Compared with the army and air force, naval electro-optical system has its own features and requirements in performance and boundary. In this article, the concept of modern naval electro-optical system is introduced, as well as the review in past sixty years. Then the evolutional development trend is indicated. And the typical systems, mainstream EO sensors and related key technologies is explained and examined carefully.