he aspheric surface can correct the system aberration and improve the image quality in the optical imaging system, in addition to that it can simplify the system structure significantly; On the other hand, the resolution of imaging system can be increased by improving the system aperture. Therefore, in the domain of basic scientific research, astronomical cosmological exploration and military defense security the large-aperture aspheric mirrors are all highly required. The manufacturing of large-aperture aspheric mirrors plays a critical role in modern optical engineering. This paper focuses on the advanced manufacturing techniques of large-aperture aspheric mirrors. The optical manufacturing technologies, especially the grinding and polishing techniques of large-aperture aspheric mirrors in the past half century and the surface shape testing methods during the grinding and polishing process, are reviewed. In particular, it summarizes the technical characteristics of advanced (new generation) optical manufacturing, and looks forward to the future manufacturing strategy of large-diameter aspheric mirrors.

Precision control methodologies are necessary to implement high-precision optical-electric tracking performance, and depend on structural configuration, actuator drive, sensors, control algorithm and load platform. However, the optical-electric tracking system is facing with the three key technologies, disturbance rejection, target tracking and distributed intelligent coordination, both foundation platform and moving platform. In this paper, precision control methodologies aiming at the above several key technical problems are summarized, and the research results of some advanced and frontier control technologies are presented, and the main ideas of the future key research directions are pointed out. In addition, the research progress and hotspot of disturbance rejection technology from three aspects of precision drive, inertial stability as well as vibration control according to the different mechanism of disturbance influence are introduced, and the integrated technology of vibration and direction based on Stewart platform is an important technical direction of space optical-electric tracking system are emphasized. The composite axis control system is still the most effective fundamental way to improve the target tracking, and the most essential technical problem is to improve the closed-loop performance of the tip-tilt mirror system in precision tracking. It has to be mentioned that observer control is especially suitable for composite axis optical-electric tracking system, especially the observer technology based solely on error, and the development of three or more advanced composite shaft systems has to pay special attention to the application of high performance motors. Eventually, it is proposed that multi-intelligence cooperative optoelectronic system is the key development direction in the field of optical-electric tracking in the future, and it is necessary for the system to develop multi-agent cooperative positioning, formation control and load platform integration and other precise control technologies.

Deformable mirror is the core component of the adaptive optics system and the primary research object for the research of adaptive optics technology. In this review, the research history of adaptive optics technology, especially the deformable mirror technologies of IOE is reviewed and the early development of our deformable mirror technology is briefly described. The application of the deformable mirror in the inertial confinement fusion (ICF) system of China is introduced and the typical multi-channel deformable mirror technology and application results in the field of astronomical optical observation is also described. Then we introduce the application of compact deformable mirror in biomedical research. At last, some new research directions of deformable mirror technology are revealed.

To introduce and analyze the development history and research status of operating robots for nuclear environment at home and abroad, the common system structure and classification based on main functions for operating robots for nuclear environment are summarized. Based on the application requirements of operating robots for nuclear environment, it is concluded that the key technologies in urgent need of breakthrough for nuclear robots are radiation reinforcement, communication method, photoelectric detection, intelligent control technology, etc. Finally, with the increasing scale of China's nuclear industry and the increasing demand for safety assurance, the application scenarios of operating robots for nuclear environment are condensed, and the future development trend of operating robots for nuclear environment is predicted.

In the high-power laser system for inertial confinement fusion, wavefront control is one of the key technologies for the laser system to ensure it operates safely and reaches the beam quality criteria. In this article, the development of the wavefront control technology from its first being putting forward for the ICF laser system to its application in the latest ICF laser system in China was introduced. During the development of the ICF facilities, the wavefront control methods are varying to satisfy the varied demands promoted by these facilities. Based on different facilities, the methods and the application results are illustrated, including the climbing wavefront method for far-field spot optimization, the full-facility wavefront control method based on the data fusion acquired from two wavefront sensors, and the full-system wavefront control method with bi-deformed mirrors in the rotation chamber laser structure.

Photonic spin-orbit interaction is an important phenomenon ignored by classical optics. In recent years, studies have found that this phenomenon can be significantly enhanced by artificial subwavelength structures and adjusted on demand. Traditional metasurfaces only support symmetric photon spin-orbit interactions, and there are limitations in conjugate symmetry, which makes it difficult to use different spin states for multifunctional integration, complex optical field regulation, information encryption, and storage. The asymmetric photon spin-orbit interaction can decouple left and right circularly polarized light, which brings new opportunities for breaking the above-mentioned theoretical and application limitations. This article first introduces the principle and realization method of asymmetric photon spin-orbit interactions, secondly introduces the representative applications and characteristics of asymmetric photon-spin-orbit interactions, and finally outlines the challenges and prospects of asymmetric photon spin-orbit interactions for future research directions.

Metalens is considered as one of the most promising planar optical devices composed of the metasurface, but it is usually difficult to realize full-color imaging and display due to the narrow working bandwidth and large chromatic aberration. In this paper, a phase-controlled transmissive metalens is designed to realize the broadband achromatic focusing within 400 nm650 nm, and the average focusing efficiency is about 29% at the focal plane within the bandwidth range. The titanium dioxide (TiO2) dielectric nanopillar with low loss and high refractive index as a truncated waveguide can control the propagation phase in the visible. At the same time, we analyze the dispersion modulation mechanism which merges the geometric and propagation phases, and the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to optimize the phase response database, and accomplish the phase matching between the ideal and actual wavefronts. The proposed broadband achromatic devices may broaden the applications of metalens in micro-imaging, computer vision, and machine vision.

Photon counting LiDAR plays an important role in the long-distance target measurement because of the high detection sensitivity. For the targets with high radial velocity and long distance, ordinary photon counting LiDAR could not recover the useful echo information simply by statistical histogram. In order to solve this problem, a method based on macro/sub-pulse coded photon counting LiDAR is proposed. The flight time of the subpulses is extracted by time shift pulse accumulation and the target distance information is obtained in one macro pulse. In this paper, the theoretical model of macro/sub-pulse coded photon counting LiDAR is established, and the influence of false alarm probability and detection probability is analyzed. The effectiveness of the LiDAR is verified by Monte Carlo simulation and actual experiments.

The mainstream target detection network has outstanding target detection capability in high quality RGB images, but for infrared images with poor resolution, the target detection performance decreases significantly. In order to improve the performance of infrared target detection in complex scene, the following measures are adopted in this paper: Firstly, by referring to the field adaption and adopting the appropriate infrared image preprocessing means, the infrared image is closer to the RGB image, so that the mainstream target detection network can further improve the detection accuracy. Secondly, based on the one-stage target detection network YOLOv3, the algorithm replaces the original MSE loss function with the GIOU loss function. It is verified by experiments that the detection accuracy on the open infrared data set the FLIR is significantly improved. Thirdly, in view of the problem of large target size span existing in FLIR dataset, the SPP module is added with reference to the idea of the spatial pyramid to enrich the expression ability of feature map, expand the receptive field of feature map, and further improve the accuracy of target detection.

In terms of the strict design requirements of Ф1.05 m primary mirrors for space optical systems, a new method of structural optimization design of lightweight mirrors is proposed, and a platform for automatic simulation analysis and optimization design of mirror structures are established. The primary mirror design with excellent performances is determined based on that platform. The primary mirror weighs less than 50 kg, and the lightweight ratio is close to the foreign advanced level. The first mode frequency of the primary mirror under the support of three spherical hinges is 361.2 Hz, and the first-order non-zero free modal frequency is 501.9 Hz. Under the uniform temperature change of 1 ℃, the surface figures with defocus and without defocus are 0.55 nm RMS and 0.10 nm RMS, respectively. The maximum stress of the primary mirror under 30g overload acceleration is 16.1 MPa. All of these performances meet the design requirements. The most advanced third-generation large-aperture mirror processing technology is adopted, and the route is ultra-precision milling, CNC grinding and polishing of small grinding head, and ion beam finishing. In order to ensure the consistency of surface shape test results no matter in the space or on the ground, the gravity unloading technology, and surface shape error data post-processing technology are developed to eliminate the influence of gravity and other systematic errors. The final surface shape accuracy of the primary mirror reaches 0.011 λ RMS, which shows a high precision optical surface and demonstrates the rationality of the scheme.