Metalens is considered as one of the most promising planar optical devices composed of the metasurface, but it is usually difficult to realize full-color imaging and display due to the narrow working bandwidth and large chromatic aberration. In this paper, a phase-controlled transmissive metalens is designed to realize the broadband achromatic focusing within 400 nm650 nm, and the average focusing efficiency is about 29% at the focal plane within the bandwidth range. The titanium dioxide (TiO2) dielectric nanopillar with low loss and high refractive index as a truncated waveguide can control the propagation phase in the visible. At the same time, we analyze the dispersion modulation mechanism which merges the geometric and propagation phases, and the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to optimize the phase response database, and accomplish the phase matching between the ideal and actual wavefronts. The proposed broadband achromatic devices may broaden the applications of metalens in micro-imaging, computer vision, and machine vision.