Fig. 1. Original and optimized models. (a)(b) Original model; (c)(d) optimized model

Fig. 2. Loading conditions of sidewall structure. (a) Fixed area on all four sides of the sidewall; (b) fixed area on the bottom of the sidewall; (c) oil pressure area

Fig. 3. Initial data of sidewall structure. (a) Mises equivalent stress; (b) displacement; (c) safety factor

Fig. 4. Mises stress and displacement of sidewall structure before and after lines adjustment. (a) Mises stress before adjustment; (b) displacement before adjustment; (c) Mises stress after adjustment; (d) displacement after adjustment

Fig. 5. Sidewall envelope modeling. (a) y-z-x view; (b) x-z-y view

Fig. 6. Topology optimization results. (a) y-z-x view; (b) x-z-y view

Fig. 7. Results of reconstruction scheme Ⅰ. (a) y-z-x view; (b) x-z-y view; (c) Mises equivalent stress; (d) displacement; (e) safety factor

Fig. 8. Results of reconstruction scheme Ⅱ. (a) y-z-x view; (b) x-z-y view; (c) Mises equivalent stress; (d) displacement; (e) safety factor

Fig. 9. Additively manufactured sidewall structure and inverse validation. (a) Sidewall structure fabricated via SLM; (b) comparison of inverse model and reconstructed CAD model point cloud data in y-z-x view; (c) comparison of inverse model and reconstructed CAD model point cloud data in x-z-y view