Researching | A 128 × 128 SPAD LiDAR sensor with column-parallel 25 ps resolution TA-ADCs

Journal of Semiconductors, Volume. 45, Issue 8, 082201(2024)

A 128 × 128 SPAD LiDAR sensor with column-parallel 25 ps resolution TA-ADCs

Na Tian1...2, Zhe Wang1, Kai Ma1,2, Xu Yang1, Nan Qi1,2, Jian Liu1,2, Nanjian Wu1,2, Runjiang Dou1,2,*, and Liyuan Liu12,** |Show fewer author(s)

Author Affiliations

¹State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

²Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

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References(15)

[1] F Villa, F Severini, F Madonini et al. SPADs and SiPMs arrays for long-range high-speed light detection and ranging (LiDAR). Sensors, 21, 3839(2021).

[2] S Jahromi, J P Jansson, P Keränen et al. A 32 × 128 SPAD-257 TDC receiver IC for pulsed TOF solid-state 3-D imaging. IEEE J Solid State Circuits, 55, 1960(2020).

[3] Y Li, J Ibanez-Guzman. Lidar for autonomous driving: The principles, challenges, and trends for automotive lidar and perception systems. IEEE Signal Process Mag, 37, 50(2020).

[4] J P Jansson, P Keränen, S Jahromi et al. Enhancing nutt-based time-to-digital converter performance with internal systematic averaging. IEEE Trans Instrum Meas, 69, 3928(2020).

[5] L Parmesan, N A W Dutton, N J Calder et al. A 9.8 μm sample and hold time to amplitude converter CMOS SPAD pixel, 290(2014).

[6] A A Abidi. Phase noise and jitter in CMOS ring oscillators. IEEE J Solid State Circuits, 41, 1803(2006).

[7] M Crotti, I Rech, M Ghioni. Four channel, 40 ps resolution, fully integrated time-to-amplitude converter for time-resolved photon counting. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits, 47, 699(2012).

[8] D Morrison, S Kennedy, D Delic et al. A 64 × 64 SPAD flash LIDAR sensor using a triple integration timing technique with 1.95 mm depth resolution. IEEE Sens J, 21, 11361(2021).

[9] L Parmesan, N A W Dutton, N J Calder et al. A 256 × 256 SPAD array with in-pixel time to amplitude conversion for fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, 904(2015).

[10] A Whitcombe, C C Lee, A B Kuriparambil Thekkumpate et al. A VTC/TDC-assisted 4 × interleaved 3.8 GS/s 7b 6.0 mW SAR ADC with 13 GHz ERBW. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits, 58, 972(2023).

[11] A Whitcombe, S Kundu, H Chandrakumar et al. A 76mW 40GS/s 7b time-interleaved hybrid voltage/time-domain ADC with common-mode input tracking, 392(2024).

[12] X Yang, C H Yao, L Kang et al. A bio-inspired spiking vision chip based on SPAD imaging and direct spike computing for versatile edge vision. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits, 1(2023).

[13] J Rapp, Y T Ma, R M A Dawson et al. High-flux single-photon lidar. Optica, 8, 30(2021).

[14] J Hu, B Z Liu, R Ma et al. A 32 × 32-pixel flash LiDAR sensor with noise filtering for high-background noise applications. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst I Regul Pap, 69, 645(2022).

[15] B Park, I Park, C Park et al. A 64 × 64 SPAD-based indirect time-of-flight image sensor with 2-tap analog pulse counters. IEEE J Solid State Circuits, 56, 2956(2021).

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Na Tian, Zhe Wang, Kai Ma, Xu Yang, Nan Qi, Jian Liu, Nanjian Wu, Runjiang Dou, Liyuan Liu. A 128 × 128 SPAD LiDAR sensor with column-parallel 25 ps resolution TA-ADCs[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2024, 45(8): 082201

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Paper Information

Category: Articles

Received: Mar. 18, 2024

Accepted: --

Published Online: Aug. 27, 2024

The Author Email: Dou Runjiang (dourj@semi.ac.cn), Liu Liyuan (liuly@semi.ac.cn)

DOI:10.1088/1674-4926/24030019

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