Fig. 1. Sensor block diagram

Fig. 2. Relationship between average dark signal and integration time before and after proton irradiation

Fig. 3. Dark signal distribution after proton irradiation

Fig. 4. Three-dimensional distributions of thermal pixels before and after proton radiation. (a) Before radiation; (b) 50 MeV proton fluence of 6×10¹⁰ cm^-2; (c) 90 MeV proton fluence of 8.3×10¹⁰ cm^-2; (d) 90 MeV proton fluence of 4.7×10¹¹ cm^-2

Fig. 5. Relationship between DSNU and integration time before and after proton irradiation

Fig. 6. Two-level RTS diagrams of CIS induced by proton irradiation. (a) Relationship between RTS and integration time; (b) two-level RTS of different pixels

Fig. 7. Typical RTS in CIS pixels before and after proton irradiation

Fig. 8. CIS pixel unit model. (a) Structure diagram; (b) potential distribution

Fig. 9. Influence of point defects on generation rate of space charge region. (a) Nonirradiated; (b) V3; (c) Ip

Fig. 10. Influence of defect types on the generation rate of space charge region. (a) Nonirradiated; (b) Ip; (c) Vn