Fig. 1. Flowchart of in-cloud supercooled water identification algorithm based on Ka-MMCR measurements

Fig. 2. Radar Doppler spectra detected at 23：21 on August 2，2015 over Nagqu at 3.06 km of the stratocumulus，（a）and（b）are spectra before and after dealiasing，respectively，the crosses and circles in figures represent start and end points and peaks of the cloud-precipitation signal

Fig. 3. Radar Doppler spectra detected at 23：22 on August 2，2015 over Nagqu at 2.7 km and 2.91 km of the stratocumulus，（a）and（b）reflect phenomena of multiple modals and multiple peaks，SP，SPSW，and SPICE represent the original spectra，supercooled water spectra，and ice crystal spectra

Fig. 4. Radar observations and retrievals of the stratocumulus cloud（case one）observed at Nagqu during 22：45–01：00 on August 2–3，2015，（a）–（h）are radar reflectivity factor Ze（dBZ），spectrum width σv（m/s），vertical air velocity Vair（m/s），particle mean terminal velocity Vt¯（m/s），remarks of particle phase，supercooled water Ze，effective radius Re（μm），and liquid water content LWC （g/m³），the ‘Non’，‘SW’，and ‘Mix’ denote non-supercooled water，supercooled water，and mix of ice and supercooled water，the horizontal dashed lines are heights of isothermal layers observed by radiosonde

Fig. 5. Radar observations and retrievals of a cumulus congestus，an altocumulus，and a cumulus humilis observed at Nagqu during 15：45–17：30 on August 25，2015，the meaning of each subgraph is the same as described in captions of Fig. 4

Fig. 6. Time series of average updraft speed +Vair（m/s）and corresponding supercooled water reflectivity Ze（dBZ），liquid water content LWC（g/m³），and effective radius Re（μm）for two cases as shown in Fig. 4（the left-panel subgraphs）and Fig. 5（the right-panel subgraphs）

Fig. 7. Comparisons of liquid water paths LWPs retrieved radar（MMCR）and microwave radiometer（MWR），（a）and（b）are results of case one and case two，respectively

Fig. 8. The spatial distributions of supercooled water retrieving by different methods of two cases，（a1，a2）Fuzzy hydrometeor classification method（FHC），（b1，b2）Threshold method（Threshold），（c1，c2）K-means classification method（K-means），（d1，d2）our algorithm（Our Method）

Fig. 9. Time series of average microphysical parameters of supercooled water using diverse methods of two cases，（a1，a2）liquid water content LWC，（b1，b2）liquid water effective radius Re，（c1，c2）liquid water path LWP