Fig. 1. Preparation process and optical microscopy images of patterned reduced GO films^[36]. (a) Illustration of procedure of LRGO microcircuit; optical microscopy images of curvilinear microcircuits (b) MC-1 and (c) MC-2, (d) comb-like microcircuit MC-3, and (e) the badge of Jilin University

Fig. 2. Patterned reduction of graphene oxide by laser-scribed technology^[41]. (a) Illustration of preparative procedure of laser-scribed RGO (LsrGO) /PE bilayer film; (b) various programmable circuit patterns; (c) C1s XPS spectra of LsrGO; (d) Raman spectra of GO and LsrGO; (e) current-voltage relationships of the GO and LsrGO

Fig. 3. LIG formed from commercial PI films using a CO₂ laser^[42]. (a) Schematic of the fabrication process of LIG from PI; (b) SEM image of LIG patterned into an owl shape; (c) SEM image of LIG film circled in Fig. 3(b), the inset is the corresponding higher magnification SEM image; (d) cross-sectional SEM image of the LIG film on the PI substrate, the inset is the SEM image showing the porous morphology of LIG; (e) Raman spectra of a LIG film and a PI film; (f) XRD of powdered LIG scraped from the PI film

Fig. 4. Experimental illustration and the obtained laser-induced graphene^[49-50]. (a) Schematic of wood-derived graphene via laser induction; (b) a photo of LIG patterned into a letter R on pine wood; (c) SEM image of pristine wood; (d) SEM image of pine-derived LIG, inset shows the cross-section image; (e) photos of LIG patterned on coconut, bread, and cloth

Fig. 5. Femtosecond laser cutting of CVD-grown graphene^[54]. (a) Cutting of pristine few layer graphene sheet to fabricate patterned structures by femtosecond laser; (b) SEM image of large area patterned graphene film by femtosecond laser; (c) SEM image of clear cut line of the graphene and width of the graphene microribbon is 5 μm

Fig. 6. An epidermal electronic skin that can act as a strain sensor^[23]. (a) Illustration of the fabrication of graphene strain sensor; (b) detection of finger bending, respiration, and pulse by strain sensor

Fig. 7. Laser-reduced RGO/GO Janus membrane for humidity sensing^[29]. (a) Schematic of the fabrication process of RGO/GO actuator; (b) the RGO/GO actuator responds to humidity; (c) the RGO/GO multiresponsive actuator and its applications

Fig. 8. Photothermal actuators based on Marangoni effect^[30]. (a) Schematic of patterned LIG tape as photothermal label for fabricating Marangoni actuator; (b) directional and rotation motion of the LIG labeled leaf actuator

Fig. 9. LIG-based soft electrothermal actuators^[73]. (a) Schematic of the fabrication of the LIG-based electrothermal actuator; (b) optical images of various electrothermal actuator models; (c) a biomimetic frog tongue which can prey insects