Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Technology of Far-Infrared Radiation and Its Application in Ice Cloud Retrievals (Invited)

Lei Liu; Shulei Li; Shuai Hu; Qingwei Zeng

doi:10.3788/AOS231697

Acta Optica Sinica, Volume. 44, Issue 6, 0600002(2024)

Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Technology of Far-Infrared Radiation and Its Application in Ice Cloud Retrievals (Invited)

Lei Liu^1,2、*, Shulei Li^1,2、**, Shuai Hu^1,2, and Qingwei Zeng^1,2

Author Affiliations

¹College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, Hunan , China

²High Impact Weather Key Laboratory of China Meteorological Administration, Changsha 410073, Hunan , China

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Figures & Tables(11)

Fig. 1. Optical depth attributed to lines of main gas molecules throughout infrared band^[3]. (a) H₂O and CO₂; (b) remaining key absorbers

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$Real part (solid line) and imaginary part (dashed line) of refractive index of ice as functions of wavenumber in infrared band[1]$

Fig. 2. Real part (solid line) and imaginary part (dashed line) of refractive index of ice as functions of wavenumber in infrared band^[1]

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Fig. 3. Scattering properties of ice crystal particles and liquid water droplets in far-infrared and mid-infrared bands^[28-29]. (a) Extinction efficiency; (b) absorption efficiency; (c) scattering efficiency; (d) single scattering albedo

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Fig. 4. Optical schematic of REFIR-BB (M₁-M₅ represent plane mirror, P₁-P₃ are polarizing beam splitters, and RTMA and RTMB are rooftop mirrors for arms A and B, respectively)^[37]

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Fig. 5. Satellite ground tracks and footprints of FORUM and IASI-NG: FORUM FSI footprints (red), FEI footprints (yellow), and IASI-NG footprints (blue)^[4]

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Fig. 6. Probability of correctly identifying ice clouds using channels of different bands^[29]

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Fig. 7. Differences between upwelling radiances generated by using habit mixture (Mix) as for simulations and by using single habits, and comparison with FORUM noise and IASI-NG noise^[64]. (a)-(c) Simulation results for mid-latitudes; (d)-(f) simulations for tropics; (g)-(i) simulations for polar scenarios

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Table 1. Key parameters of REFIR-BB, REFIR-PAD, and FIRMOS

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Table 1. Key parameters of REFIR-BB, REFIR-PAD, and FIRMOS

Parameter	REFIR-BB	REFIR-PAD	FIRMOS
Instrument type	Martin-Puplett polarizing interferometer	Mach-Zender type non-polarizing FTS	Mach-Zender type non-polarizing FTS
Detector type	DLaTGS pyroelectric (room temperature)	DLaTGS pyroelectric (room temperature)	DLaTGS pyroelectric (room temperature)
Beam splitter type	2-μm-pitch-1-μm-wire grid upon 1.5-μm-thick Mylar substrate	Broadband Ge-coated Mylar (0.85 µm/2 µm)	Ge-coated BoPET beam splitter
Spectral bandwidth	100-1100 cm^-1	100-1400 cm^-1	100-1000 cm^-1
Spectral resolution	0.2 cm^-1 (double-sided interferogram), 0.1 cm^-1 (single-sided interferogram)	0.5 cm^-1 (double-sided) (0.25 cm^-1 max)	0.25 cm^-1
Field of view	60 mrad	133 mrad	22.4 mrad
Weight	60 kg	55 kg	80 kg

Table 2. Key parameters of TAFTS and FIRST

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Table 2. Key parameters of TAFTS and FIRST

Parameter	TAFTS	FIRST
Instrument type	Martin-Puplett polarizing interferometer	Michelson interferometer liquid nitrogen，~180 K
Detector type	Ge∶Ga and Si∶Sb photo-conductors liquid Helium, 4 K	37.5 mm×37.5 mm focal plane of 10×10 silicon bolometers liquid Helium，4.2 K
Beam splitter type	Mylar substrate	Bilayer thin-film：1.05-μm-Ge and 3.5-μm-polypropylene
Spectral bandwidth /cm^-1	80-300 (Ge∶Ga), 320-600 (Si∶Sb)	100-1000
Spectral resolution /cm^-1	0.12	0.6
Field of view /（°）	±0.8	±48

Table 3. Key parameters of FORUM and PREFIRE

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Table 3. Key parameters of FORUM and PREFIRE

Item	FORUM	PREFIRE
Instrument	FSI	TIRS
Instrument type	Mach-Zender type non-polarizing FTS	Pushbroom spectrometer
Detector type	DLaTGS pyroelectric（room temperature）	64✕8 uncooled focal plane thermoelectric detector
Spectral bandwidth	100-1600 cm^-1	4-54 μm
Spectral resolution	0.5 cm^-1	0.86 μm
Orbit altitude	830 km	470-650 km
Footprint	15 km	12-15 km
Orbit inclination	98.7°	82°~98°

Table 4. Comparison of cloud phase identification consistency between FTIR and other instruments^[29]
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Table 4. Comparison of cloud phase identification consistency between FTIR and other instruments^[29]
Instrument MWR MWR+radar Lidar
TIR only 17 31 13
FIR+TIR 66 71 56

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Lei Liu, Shulei Li, Shuai Hu, Qingwei Zeng. Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Technology of Far-Infrared Radiation and Its Application in Ice Cloud Retrievals (Invited)[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2024, 44(6): 0600002

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Paper Information

Category: Reviews

Received: Oct. 25, 2023

Accepted: Dec. 20, 2023

Published Online: Mar. 19, 2024

The Author Email: Lei Liu (liulei17c@nudt.edu.cn), Shulei Li (ishulei@nudt.edu.cn)

DOI:10.3788/AOS231697

CSTR:32393.14.AOS231697

Topics

laser devices and laser physics

Lasers and Laser Optics

Laser physics

laser manufacturing

Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology

Table 1. Key parameters of REFIR-BB, REFIR-PAD, and FIRMOS

Table 1. Key parameters of REFIR-BB, REFIR-PAD, and FIRMOS

Table 2. Key parameters of TAFTS and FIRST

Table 2. Key parameters of TAFTS and FIRST

Table 3. Key parameters of FORUM and PREFIRE

Table 3. Key parameters of FORUM and PREFIRE

Table 4. Comparison of cloud phase identification consistency between FTIR and other instruments[29]

Table 4. Comparison of cloud phase identification consistency between FTIR and other instruments[29]

Table 4. Comparison of cloud phase identification consistency between FTIR and other instruments^[29]

Table 4. Comparison of cloud phase identification consistency between FTIR and other instruments^[29]