Laser Powder Bed Fusion for Fabrication of Metal Orthopedic Implants

Yin Bangzhao; Qin Yu; Wen Peng; Zheng Yufeng; Tian Yun

doi:10.3788/CJL202047.1100001

Chinese Journal of Lasers, Volume. 47, Issue 11, 1100001(2020)

Laser Powder Bed Fusion for Fabrication of Metal Orthopedic Implants

Yin Bangzhao^1,2, Qin Yu^1,2, Wen Peng^1,2, Zheng Yufeng³, and Tian Yun⁴

Author Affiliations

¹The State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

²Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

³Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

⁴Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China

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Figures & Tables(8)

Fig. 1. SEM images showing metal powers prepared by gas atomization method. (a) Ti6Al4V alloy^[22]; (b) CoCrMo alloy^[23]; (c) 316L stainless steel^[24]

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Fig. 2. Orthopedics implants manufactured by L-PBF. (a) Ti6Al4V acetabular cup^[25]; (b) tantalum knee joint implant^[26]; (c) WE43 jaw implant^[27]; (d) pure zinc hip joint implant^[29]

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Fig. 3. Influence of laser energy input on densification^[37-45]

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Fig. 4. Tensile properties of medical metals manufactured by L-PBF^{[20-21,51-67]}

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Fig. 5. Metal orthopedic implants manufactured by L-PBF^[15]

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Table 1. Thermal physical parameters of common medical metals^[36]

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Table 1. Thermal physical parameters of common medical metals^[36]

Parameter	Value
Parameter	Zn	Mg	Fe	Ti	Ta
Crystal structure	hcp	hcp	bcc/fcc	hcp/bcc	bcc
Density (20 ℃) /(g·cm^-3)	7.14	1.74	7.874	4.5	16.65
Melt point (at 101325 Pa) /℃	419.5	650	1538	1660	2996
Boil point (at 101325 Pa) /℃	907	1091	2862	3287	5425
Heat conductivity (20 ℃) /(W·m^-1·K^-1)	113	158	80
Heat capacity (20 ℃) /(J·kg^-1·K^-1)	382	1360	444
Surface tension (melting) /(mN·m^-1)	782	559	1835	1588	2150
Viscosity (melting) /(mPa·s)	3.85	1.25	6.93	4.54
Oxidation	Low	High	Low	Mid	Mid

Table 2. Mechanical properties of non-biodegradable metals built by L-PBF

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Table 2. Mechanical properties of non-biodegradable metals built by L-PBF

Material	Densification /%	Tensilestrength /MPa	Elongation /%	Hardness /HV	Elasticitymodulus /GPa	Reference
CP-Ti	99.5	757	19.5	224	105	[56]
Ti6Al4V	99.4	1170	11	364	120	[54]
Ti-25Nb	99	748	19.9	264	83.5	[57]
Ti30Nb5Ta3Zr	99.2	680	15.3	279	59.5	[55]
316LSS	99.5	584	41.9	225	167	[58]
Co28Cr6Mo	99	1070	14.3	570	-	[56]
Co29Cr9W3Cu	99	1038	12.5	571	-	[57]
Ta	99.6	310	30	120	185	[83]

Table 3. Grain size and mechanical properties of biodegradable Zn and Mg-based alloys manufactured by different methods

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Table 3. Grain size and mechanical properties of biodegradable Zn and Mg-based alloys manufactured by different methods

Process	Material	Density /%	Grain size /μm	Tensile strength /MPa	Elongation /%
	WE43^[76]	99.8	1.1	308	12.2
L-PBF	Pure Zn^[74]	99.9	5.6	134	10.4
	Pure Zn^[20]	97.4	-	61.3	1.7
	Zn-2WE43^[21]	99.9	2	299	1.8
	WE43^[76]	-	1.3	307	22.4
Extrusion	Pure Zn^[106]	-	20	100	7.5
	Pure Zn^[69]	-	<10	167	39
	Zn-0.8Mg^[69]	-	<10	380	10
Casting	WE43^[76]	-	44.3	189	4.4
	Pure Zn^[107]	-	-	18	0.32

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Yin Bangzhao, Qin Yu, Wen Peng, Zheng Yufeng, Tian Yun. Laser Powder Bed Fusion for Fabrication of Metal Orthopedic Implants[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2020, 47(11): 1100001

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