Journal of Inorganic Materials, Volume. 35, Issue 12, 1315(2020)
Figures & Tables(12)
1. Different-dimensional sp2-hybrid carbon nanomaterials, graphene forms (powder, film, and monolith), and concept of 3D graphene
3. (a) Kelvin structure and (b) Weaire-Phelan structure for honeycomb, (c) scheme of blowing kinetics
5. (a) Scheme of chemical blowing process; (b, c) Photo and optical image of SG; (d) Optical image of a graphene membrane and graphitic struts of SG; (e, f) Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of intermediate polymeric bubbles and their thin walls; (g) Optical image of a large few-layered graphene membrane taken from SG; (h) Atomic force microscope (AFM) image of an individual graphene membrane; (i) High-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) images of SG; (j-m) SEM images of strutted graphene grown at heating rates of 1, 4, 20 and 100 ℃/min[24,55]
6. (a) Synthesis scheme of foaming based on PMP precursor; (b) SEM images of N-P-O-co-doped graphene foam[67]
8. (a) Synthesis scheme and (b-d) TEM images of 3D strutted g-C3N4 foam heated at different rates[87]
Table 1. Graphene foams and doped graphene foams fabricated via blowing route using residue-free ammonium blowing agents
View tableView in ArticleTable 1. Graphene foams and doped graphene foams fabricated via blowing route using residue-free ammonium blowing agents
Precursor Blowing agent Heteroatom source Temperature /℃ Product SSA /(m2∙g-1) Application Ref. Glucose NH4Cl - 1350 Strutted graphene (SG) 1005 Supercapacitor [ 24 ]Sugar NH4Cl - 1400 Strutted graphene (SG) 710 Supercapacitor [ 55 ]Glucose NH4Cl - 1000 3D carbon materials (CMs) 170 Li metal battery [ 74 ]Glucose (NH4)2CO3, citric acid (NH4)2CO3 900 N-doped 3D mesoporous foam 516 Electrocatalysis Thermocatalysis [ 64 ]Glucose NH4Cl, melamine Melamine 1100 3D N-doped graphene (3DNG) layers 1190 Supercapacitor [ 65 ]Starch Urea Urea 800 N-doped graphitized carbon nanosheets 1947 Supercapacitor [ 66 ]PMP Melamine Melamine, H3PO4 1050 N-P-O co-doped monolith carbon aerogel 2668 Supercapacitor Adsorption [ 67 ]Glucose Melamine Melamine, H3PO4 1050 P/N co-doped functional exfoliated carbon 1440 Electrocatalysis [ 75 ]Chitosan NH4Cl NH4Cl 900 3D hierarchically porous N-doped carbon 1005 Electrocatalysis [ 76 ]Citric acid NH4Cl NH4Cl 1000 Hierarchically interconnected N-doped carbon nanosheets (NCNS) 1460 Electrocatalysis [ 77 ]
Table 2. Pristine and loaded graphene foams fabricated via blowing route using metal-contained salt blowing agents
View tableView in ArticleTable 2. Pristine and loaded graphene foams fabricated via blowing route using metal-contained salt blowing agents
Precursor Blowing agent of salt Temperature /℃ Product SSA /(m2∙g-1) Application Ref. Glucose Fe(NO3)3 950 Graphene-like carbon nanosheets (GCNs) 220 Electrosorption [ 30 ]Sucrose Zn(NO3)2 1200 Foam-like porous carbon 2340 Supercapacitor [ 31 ]Hydrolyzed starch ZnCl2 400 Activated carbon foam with nano-thickness cell walls (ACF-NCW) 926 Supercapacitor [ 56 ]Cellulose KHCO3 400 Hierarchically porous carbons (HPCs) 1893 Supercapacitor [ 57 ]Maltose Ni(NO3)2 800 Macroporous graphitic carbon foam (MGCF) 804 Microbial fuel cell [ 58 ]Sucrose Ni(NO3)2 900 Carbon-graphite composite foam — Heat dissipation [ 60 ]Maltose Co(NO3)2 900 Graphene-like carbon nanosheets (GCNs) 735 Electrosorption [ 61 ]Potassium citrate C6H5K3O7 850 Porous carbon nanosheets (PCNs) 2200 Supercapacitor [ 78 ]Acrylic-type cation-exchange resin Ni(CH3COO)2 850 3D hierarchical porous graphene-like network 1411 Li ion battery [ 79 ]Artemia cyst shells Ni(CH3COO)2 850 N-P-O co-doped 3D graphene 1406 Supercapacitor Electrocatalysis [ 33 ]Glucose Zn(NO3)2 800 N-doped holey graphene 1602 Supercapacitor [ 34 ]Poly- o -phenylenediamine Ni(NO3)2 900 3D N-doped graphene (3DNGN) 907 Supercapacitor [ 80 ]Coal tar pitch Mg(CH3COO)2 700 O/N co-doped foam-like porous carbon 1010 Supercapacitor [ 81 ]EDTA, EG Ni(NO3)2 550 3D N-doped carbon nanosheet@carbon nanotube (NCNS@CNT) 375 Supercapacitor [ 82 ]PVP Fe(NO3)3 700 3D N-doped carbon nanosheet frameworks decorated with Fe2O3 nanoparticles (Fe2O3-NCNF) 306 Li ion battery [ 35 ]Glucose Co(NO3)2 900 CoO@Co/N-doped carbon (CoO@Co/N-C) 551 Electrocatalysis [ 36 ]Glucose Sb(CH3COO)3, NH4Cl 950 Sb/C composite material — Na ion battery [ 37 ]Glucose (NH4)2MoS4, NH4Cl 1000 MoS2/3D graphene structure (MoS2-G) — Electrocatalysis [ 38 ]PVP Fe(NO3)3 800 3D foam-like graphenic carbon scaffold incorporated with FeP nanoparticles (FeP@FGCS) 159 K ion battery [ 39 ]PVP Fe(NO3)3 900 Fe x O nanospheres anchored on 3D N-doped few-layer graphene framework (Fex O@NFLG)239 K ion battery [ 40 ]PVP Fe(NO3)3 750 3D N-doped graphenic framework coupled with Fe3C@porous graphite carbon core-shell structures (Fe3C@PGC-NGF) 238 K ion battery [ 41 ]Glucose CuCl2, NH4Cl 900 Cu/graphene composite — Catalysis [ 71 ]Glucose CrCl3 1050 Cr6+@graphene — Electrocatalysis [ 72 ]Gelatin Fe(NO3)3 500 Fe2O3@N-doped carbon foam 418 Supercapacitor Li ion battery [ 83 ]Polydopamine Co(NO3)2 900 Metal and nitrogen co-doped carbon (M/N-C) 276 Electrocatalysis [ 84 ]Wheat flour Co(NO3)2 800 N,S- doped hierarchically porous carbon with core-shell Co@C nanoparticles (Co-N-S-PC) 734 Catalysis [ 85 ]Glucose Ni(NO3)2 650 Graphene-like foam/NiO composite (GLF/NiO) 323 Supercapacitor [ 86 ]
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Tian GAO, Qinglin XIAO, Chenyang XU, Xuebin WANG.
Paper Information
Category: REVIEW
Received: Feb. 29, 2020
Accepted: --
Published Online: Mar. 10, 2021
The Author Email: Xuebin WANG (wangxb@nju.edu.cn)
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