Progress in Ultrafast Laser-Induced Nucleation and Crystal Growth

Fig. 2. Methods and examples of laser induced nucleation. (a) Laser induced crystallization by local heating of the substrate; (b) femtosecond laser induced crystallization of perovskite, and the scale bar is 50 μm^[27]; (c) laser induced cavitation bubbles and following nucleation; (d) femtosecond laser induced nucleation of hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL)^[35]; (e) non-photochemical laser induced nucleation

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Fig. 3. Spatiotemporally shaped femtosecond laser induced nucleation of paracetamol^[33]. (a) Femtosecond laser induced nucleation of paracetamol after different time; (b) aspect ratio of the crystal at the optimal parameters ; (c) time-resolved images of femtosecond laser induced cavitation bubbles; (d) schematics of controlled nucleation caused by laser induced cavitation bubbles

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Fig. 4. Methods and mechanisms of laser induced nucleation

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Fig. 5. Methods and examples of laser controlled crystal growth. (a) Control of the growth rate of crystals by laser irradiation in the solution; (b) femtosecond laser controlled growth of HEWL compared with non-irradiated crystals; (c) control of the growth orientation by laser ablation of crystal surface; (d) promotion of the growth rate of one crystal surface by femtosecond laser ablation

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Fig. 6. Methods and mechanisms of laser controlled crystal growth

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Fig. 7. Ablation results and schematics of femtosecond laser processing on protein crystals. (a)(b) Femtosecond laser processing patterned micro-nano structures on the surface of protein crystal^[70]; (c) main mechanisms of femtosecond laser ionization of dielectric materials; (d) schematics of femtosecond laser interaction with protein crystals

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Table 1. Methods of controlling the nucleation process

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Table 1. Methods of controlling the nucleation process

Category	Material	Method & parameter	Effect or mechanism	First author & year	Reference
Inorganic	KCl, NaCl, NaClO₃	Femtosecond laser(970 mJ·cm^-2, 5.2 MHz)	Cavitation bubbles induced nucleation	Shilpa, 2015	[18]
Inorganic	KCl, NaCl, NaClO₃	Nanosecond laser (65--260 mJ·pulse^-1, 10 Hz)	Non photochemical laser induced nucleation (NPLIN)	Alexander, 2009, 2019 Duffus, 2009Ward, 2015Kacker, 2018 Mirsaleh-Kohan, 2017Barber, 2019	[3, 15-17, 19-21]
Organic	Urea	Femtosecond laser (10--70 J·cm^-2, 1 kHz)	Cavitation bubbles induced nucleation	Shilpa, 2015Yoshikawa, 2006	[18, 22]
	Urea	Nanosecond laser(100 mJ·pulse^-1, 100--200 pulses)	NPLIN	Liu, 2017	[28]
	Paracetamol, sulfathiazole, phenacetin	Femtosecond laser(25--95 μJ·pulse^-1, 1 kHz)	Cavitation bubbles induced nucleation	Wang, 2019	[33]
		Nanosecond laser(0.1--0.3 GW·cm^-2, 0--60 s)	Kerr effects induced polymorphism	Li, 2016	[26]
		Microwave	Thermal effects induced nucleation	Mohammed, 2012	[9]
		Magnetic fields	Electric-magnetic fields induced polymorphism	Sudha, 2015	[8]
		Ultrasonic	Cavitation bubbles induced nucleation	Mori, 2015Su, 2015Bhangu, 2016Ruecroft, 2005	[5-7, 43]
		Femtosecond laser (0.25--1.2 J·cm^-2, 80 MHz)/ continuous wave laser (40--120 W·cm^-2)	Thermal effects induced nucleation	Chou, 2016Jeon, 2016Arciniegas, 2017	[23-24, 27]
	Perovskite		Thermal effects induced nucleation	Chou, 2016Jeon, 2016Arciniegas, 2017	[23-24, 27]
Category	Material	Method & parameter	Effect or mechanism	First author & year	Reference
Organic	Porphyrin	Continuous wave laser (1.3×10⁷ W·cm^-2)	Solvothermal assembly	Yamamoto, 2018	[31]
Organic	Nitrobenzene, decane, biscalix[4]arene, etc.	Continuous wave laser (200--300 mW)	Laser trapping	Walton, 2019 Yuyama, 2017	[32, 34]
Macro- molecules / biomolecules	Proteins (lysozyme, glucose isomerase, etc.)	Femtosecond laser (1.95 nJ·pulse^-1-- 30 μJ·pulse^-1, single pulse 1 kHz)	Cavitation bubbles induced nucleation	Yoshikawa, 2014 Shilpa 2015 Adachi, 2003 Nakamura, 2007 Yoshikawa, 2009 Murai, 2010 Iefuji, 2011 Sugiyama, 2012	[2, 18, 35-40]
	Lysozyme, amyloid fibril, glycine	Continuous wave laser (0.5--1.1 W)	Laser trapping	Liu, 2017 Yuyama, 2018	[29, 41]
	Lysozyme, amyloid fibril, glycine	Nanosecond laser (0.47--1.1 GW·cm^-2, 10 Hz)	NPLIN	Javid, 2016 Tasnim, 2018	[25, 30]
Polymers	Polymers	Continuous wave laser (100 MW·cm^-2)	Laser trapping	Sugiyama, 2012 Nabetani, 2007	[40, 42]

Table 2. Main categories of laser controlled crystal growth methods

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Table 2. Main categories of laser controlled crystal growth methods

Category	Material	Method & parameter	Effect or mechanism	First authors & year	Reference
Macro-molecules/ bio-molecules	Phenylalanine, hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL)	Continuous wave laser(0.5--1.1 W)	Laser trapping	Yuyama, 2013, 2018Tu, 2015	[41, 53-54]
	HEWL, glycine	Femtosecond laser ablation(0.25--1.8 μJ·pulse^-1, 1 kHz)	Alternating the growth mode	Tominaga, 2016 Suzuki, 2018	[55-56]
	HEWL	Femtosecond laser(0.2--1.2 μJ·pulse^-1, 1kHz)/ UV ns laser ablation (50 mJ·cm^-2, 1 kHz)	Fabrication of crystal seeds	Murakami, 2004Kashii, 2005, 2007Hasenaka, 2009 Yoshikawa, 2012	[57-61]
Organic	Biscalix[4]arene	Focused laser beam (300 mW)	Laser trapping	Yuyama, 2017	[34]

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Jiachen Yu, Jianfeng Yan, Xin Li, Liangti Qu. Progress in Ultrafast Laser-Induced Nucleation and Crystal Growth[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2021, 48(2): 0202020

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Paper Information

Category: laser manufacturing

Received: Aug. 3, 2020

Accepted: Sep. 27, 2020

Published Online: Jan. 6, 2021

The Author Email: Yan Jianfeng (yanjianfeng@tsinghua.edu.cn)

DOI:10.3788/CJL202148.0202020

Topics

laser devices and laser physics

Lasers and Laser Optics

Laser physics

laser manufacturing

Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology