Laser‐MIG Hybrid Backing Welding Process of 20 mm Thick Aluminum Alloy and Structure Properties

Zhibin Yang; Yanqi Xie; Likang Sheng

doi:10.3788/CJL231416

Chinese Journal of Lasers, Volume. 51, Issue 20, 2002101(2024)

Laser‐MIG Hybrid Backing Welding Process of 20 mm Thick Aluminum Alloy and Structure Properties

Zhibin Yang^*, Yanqi Xie, and Likang Sheng

Author Affiliations

School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, Liaoning , China

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Figures & Tables(18)

Fig. 1. Schematics of groove types of base material. (a) U-groove; (b) V-groove

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Fig. 2. Experimental setup for laser-MIG hybrid backing welding. (a) System configuration; (b) schematic of welding method

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Fig. 3. Schematics of specimens. (a) Tensile specimen; (b) stress corrosion resistance specimen; (c) sampling position

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Fig. 4. Arc behavior, droplet transition, and weld cross-section morphology of U-groove. (a) T; (b) T+0.5 ms; (c) T+1.0 ms; (d) T+1.5 ms; (e) T+2.0 ms; (f) T+2.5 ms; (g) weld cross-section morphology

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Fig. 5. Arc behavior, droplet transition, and weld cross-section morphology of V-groove. (a) T; (b) T+0.5 ms; (c) T+1.0 ms; (d) T+1.5 ms; (e) T+2.0 ms; (f) T+2.5 ms; (g) weld cross-section morphology

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Fig. 6. Weld formations and porosity defects of U-grooves with different blunt edge heights. (a) h=10 mm; (b) h=12 mm; (c) h=15 mm

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Fig. 7. Microstructures of laser-MIG hybrid backing weld joints. (a) Weld center in main action zone of arc; (b) near fusion line in main action zone of arc; (c) weld center in main action zone of laser; (d) near fusion line in main action zone of laser

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Fig. 8. Microhardness distribution of laser-MIG hybrid backing weld joint

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$Fracture features of tensile specimen. (a) Fracture position; (b) macroscopic fracture; (c) microscopic fracture$

Fig. 9. Fracture features of tensile specimen. (a) Fracture position; (b) macroscopic fracture; (c) microscopic fracture

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$Fracture features of stress corrosion resistance specimen in corrosive medium. (a) Fracture position; (b) macroscopic fracture; (c) microscopic fracture$

Fig. 10. Fracture features of stress corrosion resistance specimen in corrosive medium. (a) Fracture position; (b) macroscopic fracture; (c) microscopic fracture

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$Fracture features of stress corrosion resistance specimen in silicone oil medium. (a) Fracture position; (b) macroscopic fracture; (c) microscopic fracture$

Fig. 11. Fracture features of stress corrosion resistance specimen in silicone oil medium. (a) Fracture position; (b) macroscopic fracture; (c) microscopic fracture

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Table 1. Chemical compositions of base material and filler wire (mass fraction, %)
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Table 1. Chemical compositions of base material and filler wire (mass fraction, %)
Material Si Fe Cu Mn Mg Cr Zn Ti Al
Base material 0.97 0.37 0.07 0.67 1.02 0.01 0.06 0.01 Bal.
Filler wire 0.10 0.40 0.10 0.15 4.80 0.10 0.10 0.13 Bal.

Table 2. Adopted laser-MIG hybrid backing welding parameters for different groove shapes

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Table 2. Adopted laser-MIG hybrid backing welding parameters for different groove shapes

Type	Blunt edge height h / mm	Laser focusing diameter φ / mm	Welding speed V /（m/min）	Laser power P / kW	Arc current I / A	Arc voltage U /V	Wire feeding speed V_f /（m/min）	Arc length correction D /%
V-groove	10	1.0	0.6	6.5	290	25.4	17.1	-5
U-groove	10	1.0	0.6	6.5	290	25.4	17.1	-5
U-groove	12	0.8	0.8	11.0	230	23.6	13.9	-5
U-groove	15	0.6	0.8	13.0	180	22.2	11.6	+5

Table 3. Factors and levels of orthogonal experiments for laser-MIG hybrid backing welding
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Table 3. Factors and levels of orthogonal experiments for laser-MIG hybrid backing welding
Symbol Factor Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
A
Welding speed
V /（m/min）
0.6 0.5 0.7
B
Laser power
P /kW
6.5 6.2 6.8
C
Arc current
I /A
300 290 310
D Arc length correction D /% -5 0 +5

Table 4. Weld cross sections, weld formations, porosity defects, and tensile strength values of backing weld joints under different welding parameters

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Table 4. Weld cross sections, weld formations, porosity defects, and tensile strength values of backing weld joints under different welding parameters

Parameter（sample No.）	Weld cross section	Weld formation	Porosity defect	Tensile strength /MPa
A1B1C1D1（1#）				221.6
A1B2C2D2（2#）				212.0
A1B3C3D3（3#）				231.5
A2B1C2D3（4#）				215.8
A2B2C3D1（5#）				211.5
A2B3C1D2（6#）				210.5
A3B1C3D2（7#）				232.0
A3B2C1D3（8#）				236.1
A3B3C2D1（9#）				229.0

Table 5. Welding parameter combinations and range analysis results of orthogonal experiment

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Table 5. Welding parameter combinations and range analysis results of orthogonal experiment

Parameter （sample No.）	Welding speed V /（m/min）	Laser power P /kW	Arc current I /A	Arc length correction D /%	Back formation score	Porosity defect score	Tensile strength score	Comprehensive weighted score
A₁B₁C₁D₁（1#）	0.6	6.5	300	-5	100	100	93.9	98.8
A₁B₂C₂D₂（2#）	0.6	6.2	290	0	100	80	89.8	92.0
A₁B₃C₃D₃（3#）	0.6	6.8	310	+5	100	70	98.1	90.6
A₂B₁C₂D₃（4#）	0.5	6.5	290	+5	100	70	91.4	89.3
A₂B₂C₃D₁（5#）	0.5	6.2	310	-5	100	60	89.6	67.9
A₂B₃C₁D₂（6#）	0.5	6.8	300	0	100	80	89.2	91.8
A₃B₁C₃D₂（7#）	0.7	6.5	310	0	50	100	98.3	74.7
A₃B₂C₁D₃（8#）	0.7	6.2	300	+5	50	100	100	75.0
A₃B₃C₂D₁（9#）	0.7	6.8	290	-5	50	100	97.0	49.4
K₁	93.80	87.60	88.53	86.37	‒	‒	‒	‒
K₂	89.00	84.30	85.23	86.17	‒	‒	‒	‒
K₃	74.70	85.60	83.73	84.97	‒	‒	‒	‒
$R^{'}$	19.10	3.30	4.80	1.40	‒	‒	‒	‒

Table 6. Tensile test results of laser-MIG hybrid backing weld joint

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Table 6. Tensile test results of laser-MIG hybrid backing weld joint

Sample No.	Tensile strength R_m /MPa		Joint coefficient η /%	Elongation A /%		Fracture location
Sample No.	Test result	Average	Joint coefficient η /%	Test result	Average	Fracture location
T-1#	208.9	221.6	75.1	4.4	5.2	In heat affected zone
T-2#	237.2			5.9		In heat affected zone
T-3#	218.6			5.3		In heat affected zone

Table 7. Stress corrosion resistance testing results of laser-MIG hybrid backing weld joints

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Table 7. Stress corrosion resistance testing results of laser-MIG hybrid backing weld joints

Sample No.	Medium	Tensile strength R_m /MPa		Elongation A /%		I_SSRT
Sample No.	Medium	Test result	Average	Test result	Average	I_SSRT
S-1#	NaCl solution	206.7	206.7	7.3	8.1	0.024
S-2#		213.3		8.2
S-3#		200.1		8.8
S-4#	Silicone oil	213.8	211.2	7.7	8.4
S-5#		215.1		9.0
S-6#		204.7		8.6

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Zhibin Yang, Yanqi Xie, Likang Sheng. Laser‐MIG Hybrid Backing Welding Process of 20 mm Thick Aluminum Alloy and Structure Properties[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2024, 51(20): 2002101

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Paper Information

Category: Laser Forming Manufacturing

Received: Nov. 17, 2023

Accepted: Dec. 13, 2023

Published Online: Oct. 10, 2024

The Author Email: Yang Zhibin (yangzhibin@djtu.edu.cn)

DOI:10.3788/CJL231416

CSTR:32183.14.CJL231416

Topics

laser devices and laser physics

Lasers and Laser Optics

Laser physics

laser manufacturing

Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology

Table 1. Chemical compositions of base material and filler wire (mass fraction, %)

Table 1. Chemical compositions of base material and filler wire (mass fraction, %)

Table 2. Adopted laser-MIG hybrid backing welding parameters for different groove shapes

Table 2. Adopted laser-MIG hybrid backing welding parameters for different groove shapes

Table 3. Factors and levels of orthogonal experiments for laser-MIG hybrid backing welding

Table 3. Factors and levels of orthogonal experiments for laser-MIG hybrid backing welding

Table 4. Weld cross sections, weld formations, porosity defects, and tensile strength values of backing weld joints under different welding parameters

Table 4. Weld cross sections, weld formations, porosity defects, and tensile strength values of backing weld joints under different welding parameters

Table 5. Welding parameter combinations and range analysis results of orthogonal experiment

Table 5. Welding parameter combinations and range analysis results of orthogonal experiment

Table 6. Tensile test results of laser-MIG hybrid backing weld joint

Table 6. Tensile test results of laser-MIG hybrid backing weld joint

Table 7. Stress corrosion resistance testing results of laser-MIG hybrid backing weld joints

Table 7. Stress corrosion resistance testing results of laser-MIG hybrid backing weld joints