Fig. 1. Micro-nano structure of graphene film. (a) Graphene text pattern on a glass substrate; (b) graphene spiral pattern on a glass substrate; (c) arrays of graphene lines on a glass substrate; (d) circuit pattern on a SiO₂/Si substrate^[22]

Fig. 2. Experimental results. (a) Optical images of CW laser irradiated spots at various laser powers^[31]; (b) SEM and AFM images of periodic surface structures^[32]

Fig. 3. Schematics illustration of the procedures to produce the graphene flower using femtosecond laser pulses^[34]. (a) Graphene oxide sheets; (b) reduced graphene sheets; (c) graphene film by filtration of reduced graphene sheets; (d) a graphene microflower produced with a single laser pulse; (e) large-area surface patterning by fs laser direct writing; (f) large-area uniform flower patterns on the surface of a graphene film

Fig. 4. Experimental results.(a) TEM and AFM images of N-GQDs^[43]; (b) TEM image of graphene oxide sheets after 30 min of laser ablation^[44]

Fig. 5. Experimental results. (a) Preparative scheme of graphene oxide film; (b)-(d) optical microscopy images of different graphene patterns processed^[45]

Fig. 6. Process flow of the laser-induced pattern transfer method^[48]

Fig. 7. Femtosecond laser fabricates interdigitated capacitor on graphene film^[53].(a) Flow chart of preparation process; (b)-(f) photomicrograph and enlarged view of processed micro-supercapacitors