Fig. 1. Boundary conditions of the model

Fig. 2. Laser beam and powder work on the surface of the inclined substrate

Fig. 3. Main effect diagrams of laser power, powder mass flow and scanning rate varying with melting height. (a) Laser power; (b) powder mass flow; (c) scanning speed

Fig. 4. Main effect graphs of laser power, powder mass flow and scanning speed varying with aspect ratio. (a) Laser power; (b) powder mass flow; (c) scanning speed

Fig. 5. Simulated cladding profile and temperature cloud after 0.8 s cladding

Fig. 6. Comparison of simulation and experimental cladding profile and penetration. (a)(c) Simulated temperature cloud picture at 0.4 s and its experimental corrosion metallographic diagram; (b)(d) simulated metal liquid volume picture at 0.8 s and its experimental corrosion metallographic diagram

Fig. 7. Melting height change graph in the experiment 10--25

Fig. 8. Temperature of the simulated molten pool center

Fig. 9. Comparison of the inclination angle of the cladding layer between the simulation and the experiment at various inclination angles. (a)(f) 0°; (b)(g) 20°; (c)(h) -20°;(d)(i) 40°; (e)(j) -40°

Fig. 10. Front slope angle of the cladding layer changes with the inclination angle of the substrate

Fig. 11. Internal flow field of the cladding layer under the inclined substrate.(a) 0°; (b) 20°; (c) -20°; (d) 40°; (e) -40°