Fig. 1. Integration of structural, optical, and electronic characterization methods for optoelectronic materials with DAC.

Fig. 2. (a) Schematic illustration of in situ high-pressure XRD measurements using synchrotron radiation facilities. (b) High-pressure synchrotron-based setup for diffraction. (c) 2D XRD patterns of MASnI₃ at different pressures. (d) Single-crystal XRD patterns of Cu₁₂Sb₄S₁₃ at different pressures. (c) Reproduced with permission from Lu et al., Adv. Mater. 28, 8663–8668 (2016). Copyright 2016, Wiley-VCH.

Fig. 3. (a) Ambient crystal structure of Cs₂PbI₂Cl₂. (b) Synchrotron XRD patterns of Cs₂PbI₂Cl₂ at different pressures. (c) XRD refinements of XRD pattern for Cs₂PbI₂Cl₂. (d) Unit-cell volume of Cs₂PbI₂Cl₂ vs pressure. (e) Compressibility of Cs₂PbI₂Cl₂ along different axes. (f) Pressure dependence of Cl–Pb–Cl bond angle and Pb–Cl bond length. Reproduced with permission from Lü et al., Natl. Sci. Rev. 8, nwaa288 (2021). Copyright 2021 American Chemical Society.

Fig. 4. (a) Schematic illustration of in situ absorption measurements under high pressure. (b) Absorption spectra of MHyPbBr₃ under high pressures. (c) Optical bandgap of MHyPbBr₃ and relative energy change for APbBr₃ perovskites as functions of pressure. (d) Absorption spectra of CuP₂Se at different pressures. (e) Absorption spectra of exfoliated (BA)₂(GA)Pb₂I₇ thin flakes under high pressures. (f) Relative bandgap changes of black phosphorus with pressure. (b) and (c) Reproduced with permission from Mao et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 145, 23842–23848 (2023). Copyright 2023 American Chemical Society. (d) Reproduced with permission from Li et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 143, 20343–20355 (2021). Copyright 2021 American Chemical Society. (f) Reproduced with permission from Huang et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 186401 (2021). Copyright 2021 American Physical Society.

Fig. 5. (a) Schematic illustration of in situ high-pressure PL measurements. (b) Pressure-induced emission in the 1D metal halide C₄N₂H₁₄SnBr₄. (c) Self-trapped exciton to free exciton transition in the quasi-1D metal halide (C₂H₁₀N₂)₈[Pb₄Br₁₈]∙6Br. (d) PL spectra of the 2D perovskite (BA)₂PbI₄ under different pressures. (e) Pressure-dependent PL spectra of the 2D perovskite (4Tm)₂PbI₄ at 78 K. (f) PL spectra of (HA)₂(GA)Pb₂I₇ at different pressures, with fitting curves. (b) Reproduced with permission from Shi et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 141, 6504–6508 (2019). Copyright 2019 American Chemical Society. (d) Reproduced with permission from Yin et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 141, 1235–1241 (2019). Copyright 2019 American Chemical Society. (f) Reproduced with permission from Guo et al., Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 59, 17533–17539 (2020). Copyright 2020 Wiley-VCH.

Fig. 6. (a) Time-resolved PL decay curves of Cs₂Na_0.4Ag_0.6InCl₆ under varying pressures. (b) Initial PL intensity vs carrier density of (BA)₂(GA)Pb₂I₇ at different pressures. (c) Time-dependent PL intensity images of MAPbI₃ at varying pressures. (b) The carrier transport kinetics of MAPbI₃ at different pressures. (a) Reproduced with permission from Ma et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 143, 15176–15184 (2021). Copyright 2021 American Chemical Society. (c) and (d) Reproduced with permission from Yin et al., ACS Energy Lett. 7, 154–161 (2021). Copyright 2022 American Chemical Society.

Fig. 7. (a) TA spectra of FAPbBr₃. (b) TA spectra of FAPbBr₃ at various delay times. (c) Pressure-dependent evolution of hot carrier relaxation lifetimes (τ₁), Auger recombination lifetimes (τ₂), and carrier recombination lifetimes (τ₃) for FAPbBr₃. (d) and (e) TA spectra of 2D perovskite (4Tm)₂PbI₄ at 0.2 and 4.6 GPa, respectively. (a)–(c) Reproduced with permission from Sui et al., J. Phys. Chem. C 124, 14390–14399 (2020). Copyright 2020 American Chemical Society.

Fig. 8. (a) SHG intensity of MHyPbBr₃ vs pressure. (b) SHG intensity of MHyPbBr₃ vs temperature under different pressures. (c) Pressure-dependent SHG intensity of NH₄Cl during compression and decompression. (d) SHG measurements of NH₄Cl at 2.0 GPa with varying fundamental wavelengths. (a) and (b) Reproduced with permission from Mao et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 145, 23842–23848 (2023). Copyright 2023 American Chemical Society. (c) and (d) Reproduced with permission from Jiang et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 146, 23508–23516 (2024). Copyright 2024 American Chemical Society.

Fig. 9. (a) Raman spectra of NbOI₂. (b) Raman peak positions for NbOI₂ as a function of pressure. (c) Schematic illustration of the vibrational modes for NbOI₂. Reproduced with permission from Fu et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 145, 16828–16834 (2023). Copyright 2023 American Chemical Society.

Fig. 10. (a) and (b) Calculated and (c) experimental Raman spectra for BA molecules in a 2D halide perovskite.

Fig. 11. (a) Schematic illustration of in situ high-pressure electrical and photoresponse measurements. (b) Resistance of trilayer graphene as a function of pressure. (c) Temperature-dependent resistance of trilayer graphene at selected pressures. (d) Arrhenius plots of resistance.

Fig. 12. (a) Temperature-dependent resistance of MoSe₂ at different pressures. (b) Temperature–pressure–resistivity contour map. (c) Resistance of MoSe₂ as a function of pressure.

Fig. 13. (a) Photocurrents of Cs₂PbI₂Cl₂ upon compression. (b) Photoconductivity of Cs₂PbI₂Cl₂ as a function of pressure. (c) Schematic of pressure-enhanced exciton dissociation. (d) Light-intensity-dependent photocurrent of iodine at 1.6 GPa. (e) Photocurrent density J_ph and responsivity R as functions of light intensity. (f) Voltage–current curves of iodine under varying light intensities. (a)–(c) Reproduced with permission from Guo et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 143, 2545–2551 (2021). Copyright 2021 American Chemical Society.¹⁷ (d)–(f) Reproduced with permission from Li et al., Adv. Opt. Mater. 9, 2101163 (2021). Copyright 2021 Wiley-VCH.⁶⁶