[1] Wang S X, Chen Z X, Liu H L et al. Tm∶YAP waveguide pulsed lasers of femtosecond laser direct writing[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 43, 1623018(2023).

[2] Sun R, Chen C, Ling W J et al. Dual-wavelength passively Q-switched mode-locked Tm∶LuAG laser operating at 2017 nm and 2029 nm[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 39, 1214004(2019).

[3] Sistrunk E F, Alessi D A, Bayramian A J et al. Laser technology development for high peak power lasers achieving kilowatt average power and beyond[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, 11034, 1103407(2019).

[4] Gebhardt M, Heuermann T, Klas R et al. Bright, high-repetition-rate water window soft X-ray source enabled by nonlinear pulse self-compression in an antiresonant hollow-core fibre[J]. Light: Science & Applications, 10, 36(2021).

[5] Popmintchev T, Chen M C, Popmintchev D et al. Bright coherent ultrahigh harmonics in the keV X-ray regime from mid-infrared femtosecond lasers[J]. Science, 336, 1287-1291(2012).

[6] Petrov V. Frequency down-conversion of solid-state laser sources to the mid-infrared spectral range using non-oxide nonlinear crystals[J]. Progress in Quantum Electronics, 42, 1-106(2015).

[7] Gattass R R, Mazur E. Femtosecond laser micromachining in transparent materials[J]. Nature Photonics, 2, 219-225(2008).

[8] Wang L, Chen W D, Zhao Y G et al. Sub-50 fs pulse generation from a SESAM mode-locked Tm, Ho-codoped calcium aluminate laser[J]. Optics Letters, 46, 2642-2645(2021).

[9] Wei W L, Zhang N, Song Q S et al. 2 μm mode-locked Tm∶GdScO3 laser[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 43, 2214002(2023).

[10] Suzuki A, Kränkel C, Tokurakawa M. Sub-6 optical-cycle Kerr-lens mode-locked Tm∶Lu2O3 and Tm∶Sc2O3 combined gain media laser at 2.1 μm[J]. Optics Express, 29, 19465-19471(2021).

[11] Pan Z B, Loiko P, Wang Y C et al. Disordered Tm3+, Ho3+-codoped CNGG garnet crystal: towards efficient laser materials for ultrashort pulse generation at ∼2 μm[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 853, 157100(2021).

[12] Xue Y Y, Li N, Wang D H et al. Spectroscopic and laser properties of Tm: CNGG crystals grown by the micro-pulling-down method[J]. Journal of Luminescence, 213, 36-39(2019).

[13] Liu S C, Jiang D P, Zhen Z et al. Effect of Tm3+ concentration on structure, spectral properties and cross relaxation of Tm∶CaF2 crystal[J]. Optics Express, 33, 1690-1702(2025).

[14] Suzuki A, Wang Y C, Tomilov S et al. Diode-pumped 88 fs SESAM mode-locked Tm, Ho∶CLNGG laser at 2090 nm[J]. Applied Physics Express, 17, 042002(2024).

[15] Pan Z B, Wang L, Bae J E et al. SWCNT-SA mode-locked Tm, Ho∶LCLNGG laser[J]. Optics Express, 29, 40323-40332(2021).

[16] Ding H, Liu J, Wang Y Y et al. Mode-locking of a Tm, Ho∶CALYGO laser delivering 50 fs pulses at 2.08 µm[J]. Optics Letters, 48, 6267-6270(2023).

[17] Paajaste J, Suomalainen S, Härkönen A et al. Absorption recovery dynamics in 2 µm GaSb-based SESAMs[J]. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 47, 065102(2014).

[18] Zhang N, Wang Z X, Liu S D et al. Watt-level femtosecond Tm-doped “mixed” sesquioxide ceramic laser in-band pumped by a Raman fiber laser at 1627 nm[J]. Optics Express, 30, 23978-23985(2022).

[19] Zhao Y G, Wang Y C, Zhang X Z et al. 87 fs mode-locked Tm, Ho∶CaYAlO4 laser at ∼2043 nm[J]. Optics Letters, 43, 915-918(2018).

[20] Ding H, Tong Z H, Zheng C S et al. 100 W orbital angular momentum laser at 2 µm[J]. Optics Letters, 50, 1661-1664(2025).

[21] Castellano-Hernández E, Serrano M D, Riobóo R J J et al. Na modification of lanthanide doped Ca3Nb1.5Ga3.5O12-type laser garnets: czochralski crystal growth and characterization[J]. Crystal Growth & Design, 16, 1480-1491(2016).

[22] Zhao Y G, Wang L, Wang Y C et al. SWCNT-SA mode-locked Tm∶LuYO3 ceramic laser delivering 8-optical-cycle pulses at 2.05 µm[J]. Optics Letters, 45, 459-462(2020).