Fig. 1. Overview of intelligent precision optical theranostics technology and its typical components

Fig. 2. Schematic of optical imaging and diagnosis technology. (a) Representative light-tissue interactions; (b) optical imaging modalities at different wavelength ranges

Fig. 3. Flowchart of the dual-modality optical method using fluorescence spectroscopy and OCT for precision diagnosis of tumors in neurosurgery^[20]

Fig. 4. Mechanisms of representative optical treatment technologies

Fig. 5. Automatic laser scanning ablation system and laser ablation results^[65]. (a) System configuration; (b) manufactured laser scanning ablation device; (c)--(e) brain tissue ablation experiment and laser ablation results

Fig. 6. The development of intelligent precision optical minimally invasive diagnosis and therapy platform

Fig. 7. Laser ablation system with expanded scanning range. (a) Based on MEMS galvanometer structure^[123]; (b) based on continuum structure^[119]; (c) based on pneumatic flexible robot structure^[120]

Fig. 8. Theranostic system integrating fluorescence-based diagnosis and laser therapy. (a) System configuration of laser ablation treatment guided by 5-ALA-induced PpIX fluorecence; (b) in vivo laser ablation experiment; (c) laser ablation results on brain tissue^[125]

Fig. 9. The configuration and flowchart of the optical theranostics platform for the laser ablation of glioblastomas in vivo with whole body bioluminescence imaging and a TPM imaging module^[132]