[1] Steen W M, Mazumder J[M]. Laser material processing(2010).

[2] Majumdar A K. Free-space laser communication performance in the atmospheric channel[J]. Journal of Optical and Fiber Communications Reports, 2, 345-396(2005).

[3] Trokel S L, Srinivasan R, Braren B. Excimer laser surgery of the cornea[J]. American Journal of Ophthalmology, 96, 710-715(1983).

[4] Extance A. Military technology: laser weapons get real[J]. Nature, 521, 408-411(2015).

[5] Kaminskii A A[M]. Laser crystals: their physics and properties(2013).

[6] Weber M J. Science and technology of laser glass[J]. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 123, 208-222(1990).

[7] Kaminskii A A. Laser crystals and ceramics: recent advances[J]. Laser & Photonics Reviews, 1, 93-177(2007).

[8] Maiman T H. Stimulated optical radiation in ruby[J]. Nature, 187, 493-494(1960).

[9] Geusic J E, Marcos H M, van Uitert L G. Laser oscillations in Nd-doped yttrium aluminum, yttrium gallium and gadolinium garnets[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 4, 182-184(1964).

[10] Moulton P. Ti-doped sapphire: tunable solid-state laser[J]. Optics News, 8, 9(1982).

[11] Meng X, Zhu L, Zhang H et al. Growth, morphology and laser performance of Nd∶YVO4 crystal[J]. Journal of Crystal Growth, 200, 199-203(1999).

[12] Li X, Zhou Y, Xu H et al. High-stability, high-pulse-energy MOPA laser system based on composite Nd∶YAG crystal with multiple doping concentrations[J]. Optics & Laser Technology, 152, 108080(2022).

[13] Oh Y J, Park J S, Park E J et al. Diode-pumped Nd∶YVO4 lasers with cylindrical vector vortex output in continuous-wave and Q-switched operation[J]. Optics & Laser Technology, 164, 109483(2023).

[14] Seres J, Müller A, Seres E et al. Sub-10-fs, terawatt-scale Ti∶sapphire laser system[J]. Optics Letters, 28, 1832-1834(2003).

[15] Khan A. Laser diodes go green[J]. Nature Photonics, 3, 432-434(2009).

[16] Kantola E, Leinonen T, Ranta S N et al. High-efficiency 20 W yellow VECSEL[J]. Optics Express, 22, 6372-6380(2014).

[17] Ji S H, Liu S Q, Lin X J et al. Watt-level visible continuous-wave upconversion fiber lasers toward the “green gap” wavelengths of 535‒553 nm[J]. ACS Photonics, 8, 2311-2319(2021).

[18] Metz P W, Hasse K, Parisi D et al. Continuous-wave Pr3+∶BaY2F8 and Pr3+∶LiYF4 lasers in the cyan-blue spectral region[J]. Optics Letters, 39, 5158-5161(2014).

[19] Bowman S R, O’Connor S, Condon N J. Diode pumped yellow dysprosium lasers[J]. Optics Express, 20, 12906-12911(2012).

[20] Liu B, Shi J J, Wang Q G et al. Crystal growth and yellow emission of Dy∶YAlO3[J]. Optical Materials, 72, 208-213(2017).

[21] Peng F, Liu W P, Zhang Q L et al. Growth, structure, and spectroscopic characteristics of a promising yellow laser crystal Dy∶GdScO3[J]. Journal of Luminescence, 201, 176-181(2018).

[22] Jiang T H, Chen Y J, Lin Y F et al. Spectroscopic properties of Dy3+-doped Na2Gd4(MoO4)7 crystal[J]. Journal of Luminescence, 199, 133-137(2018).

[23] Jiang T H, Chen Y J, Gong X H et al. Spectroscopic properties of Dy3+-doped Sr3Y(BO3)3 crystal[J]. Optical Materials, 91, 171-176(2019).

[24] Xia Z C, Yang F G, Qiao L et al. End pumped yellow laser performance of Dy3+∶ZnWO4[J]. Optics Communications, 387, 357-360(2017).

[25] Zhu R, Dong J Y, Lin Z W et al. Spectroscopic characteristics of Dy3+-doped Ca2Al2SiO7 single crystal for potential use in solid-state yellow lasers[J]. Journal of Luminescence, 245, 118787(2022).

[26] Shi J J, Liu B, Wang Q G et al. Crystal growth, spectroscopic characteristics, and Judd-Ofelt analysis of Dy∶Lu2O3 for yellow laser[J]. Chinese Physics B, 27, 077802(2018).

[27] Bolognesi G, Parisi D, Calonico D et al. Yellow laser performance of Dy3+ in co-doped Dy, Tb∶LiLuF4[J]. Optics Letters, 39, 6628-6631(2014).

[28] Li S M, Zhang L H, Zhang P X et al. Spectroscopic characterizations of Dy∶LaF3 crystal[J]. Infrared Physics & Technology, 87, 65-71(2017).

[29] Gao X Q, Fang G Y, Wang Y et al. Visible and mid-infrared spectral performances of Dy3+∶CaF2 and Dy3+/Y3+∶CaF2 crystals[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 856, 158083(2021).

[30] Hommerich U, Uba S, Kabir A et al. Visible emission studies of melt-grown Dy-doped CsPbCl3 and KPb2Cl5 crystals[J]. Optical Materials Express, 10, 2011-2018(2020).

[31] Malinowski M, Myziak P, Piramidowicz R et al. Spectroscopic and laser properties of LiNbO3∶Dy3+ crystals[J]. Acta Physica Polonica A, 90, 181-189(1996).

[32] Wang R, Zhou Y S, Li X et al. Graphene-based passive Q-switching of a Dy3+,Tb3+∶LuLiF4 yellow laser[J]. Optical Materials, 125, 112067(2022).

[33] Chen H J, Loiseau P, Aka G et al. Optical spectroscopic investigation of Ba3Tb(PO4)3 single crystals for visible laser applications[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 740, 1133-1139(2018).

[34] Chen H J, Loiseau P, Aka G et al. Crystal growth and characterization of terbium-based borate crystals of Sr3Tb(BO3)3, Li6Tb(BO3)3, and TbCa4O(BO3)3: color centers, spectroscopic properties, and optical gain[J]. Crystal Growth & Design, 20, 1905-1919(2020).

[35] Liu J, Song Q S, Li D Z et al. Spectroscopic properties of Tb∶Y3Al5O12 crystal for visible laser application[J]. Optical Materials, 106, 110001(2020).

[36] Liu B, Shi J J, Wang Q G et al. Crystal growth, polarized spectroscopy and Judd-Ofelt analysis of Tb∶YAlO3[J]. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 200, 58-62(2018).

[37] Loiko P, Volokitina A, Mateos X et al. Spectroscopy of Tb3+ ions in monoclinic KLu(WO4)2 crystal application of an intermediate configuration interaction theory[J]. Optical Materials, 78, 495-501(2018).

[38] Chen H, Uehara H, Kawase H et al. Efficient visible laser operation of Tb∶LiYF4 and LiTbF4[J]. Optics Express, 28, 10951-10959(2020).

[39] Castellano-Hernández E, Metz P W, Demesh M et al. Efficient directly emitting high-power Tb3+∶LiLuF4 laser operating at 587.5 nm in the yellow range[J]. Optics Letters, 43, 4791-4794(2018).

[40] Castellano-Hernández E, Kalusniak S, Metz P W et al. Diode-pumped laser operation of Tb3+∶LiLuF4 in the green and yellow spectral range[J]. Laser & Photonics Reviews, 14, 1900229(2020).

[41] Malinowski M, Kaczkan M, Turczyński S. Energy transfer and upconversion of Sm3+ ions in YAlO3[J]. Optical Materials, 63, 128-133(2017).

[42] Liu J, Song Q S, Li D Z et al. Growth and red-orange emission of Sm3+ doped SrAl12O19 single crystals[J]. Optical Materials, 101, 109754(2020).

[43] Wang G Q, Lin Y F, Gong X H et al. Polarized spectral properties of Sm3+∶LiYF4 crystal[J]. Journal of Luminescence, 147, 23-26(2014).

[44] Wang G Q, Gong X H, Lin Y F et al. Polarized spectral properties of Sm3+∶LiLuF4 crystal for visible laser application[J]. Optical Materials, 37, 229-234(2014).

[45] Kazakov B N, Orlov M S, Petrov M V et al. Induced emission of Sm3+ ions in the visible region of the spectrum[J]. Optics and Spectroscopy, 47, 676-677(1979).

[46] Marzahl D T, Metz P W, Krankel C et al. Spectroscopy and laser operation of Sm3+-doped lithium lutetium tetrafluoride (LiLuF4) and strontium hexaaluminate (SrAl12O19)[J]. Optics Express, 23, 2-21127(2015).

[47] Dashkevich V I, Bagayev S N, Orlovich V A et al. Quasi-continuous wave and continuous wave laser operation of Eu∶KGd(WO4)2 crystal on a 5D0→7F4 transition[J]. Laser Physics Letters, 12, 015006(2015).

[48] Loiko P, Rytz D, Schwung S et al. Watt-level europium laser at 703 nm[J]. Optics Letters, 46, 2702-2705(2021).

[49] Demesh M, Yasukevich A, Kisel V et al. Spectroscopic properties and continuous-wave deep-red laser operation of Eu3+-doped LiYF4[J]. Optics Letters, 43, 2364-2367(2018).

[50] Baillard A, Loiko P, Pavlyuk A et al. Deep-red laser operation of cleaved single-crystal plates of Eu∶CsGd(MoO4)2 molybdate[J]. Optics Letters, 48, 2977-2980(2023).

[51] Tanaka H, Kalusniak S, Badtke M et al. Visible solid-state lasers based on Pr3+ and Tb3+[J]. Progress in Quantum Electronics, 84, 100411(2022).

[52] Xu C L, Ma F K, Zhang Z et al. Research progress of Pr3+ activated laser crystals in visible region[J]. Chinese Journal of Luminescence, 43, 1690-1704(2022).

[53] Cao W H, Li Z, Shi C K et al. Overview of research and development of Pr3+ doped solid-state lasers[J]. Opto-Electronic Engineering, 49, 210364(2022).

[54] Xue Y C, Zhang R S, Dai Z D et al. Watt-level acousto-optically Q-switched Pr∶YLF laser at 639 nm[J]. Chinese Optics Letters, 22, 011402(2024).

[55] Li N, Huang J J, Xu B et al. Direct generation of an ultrafast vortex beam in a CVD-graphene-based passively mode-locked Pr∶LiYF4 visible laser[J]. Photonics Research, 7, 1209-1213(2019).

[56] Xiao Y, Ju M, Kuang X Y et al. A systematic study of the microstructure and laser characteristics of Pr3+-doped lithium lutetium fluoride[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 749, 391-398(2018).

[58] Sottile A, Metz P W. Deep red diode-pumped Pr3+∶KY3F10 continuous-wave laser[J]. Optics Letters, 40, 1992-1995(2015).

[59] Xu C L, Wang W D, Zhang Z et al. Continuous-wave orange laser at 605.98 nm based on a diode-pumped Pr,Gd∶SrF2 crystal[J]. Optics Laser Technology, 168, 109768(2024).

[60] Reichert F, Moglia F, Marzahl D T et al. Diode pumped laser operation and spectroscopy of Pr3+:LaF3[J]. Optics Express, 20, 20387-20395(2012).

[61] Fibrich M, Šulc J, Švejkar R et al. Continuous-wave efficient cyan-blue Pr∶YAlO3 laser pumped by InGaN laser diode[J]. Applied Physics B, 127, 2(2020).

[62] Zhang T, Zhou L B, Zou J Y et al. Laser performances of passively Q-switched Pr3+-doped oxide lasers based on Pr3+,Mg2+∶SrAl12O19 crystal and Co∶ASL saturable absorber[J]. Optics & Laser Technology, 139, 106961(2021).

[63] Fan H X, Chen Y, Yan T et al. Crystal growth, spectral properties and Judd-Ofelt analysis of Pr3+∶LaMgAl11O19[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 767, 938-943(2018).

[64] Reichert F, Marzahl D T, Huber G. Spectroscopic characterization and laser performance of Pr, Mg∶CaAl12O19[J]. Journal of the Optical Society of America B, 31, 349-354(2014).

[65] Cassouret F, Badtke M, Loiseau P et al. Laser performance of high optical quality 4 at.% Pr3+∶Sr0.7La0.3Mg0.3Al11.7O19 (Pr∶ASL) single crystals[J]. Optics Express, 31, 12497-12507(2023).

[66] Liu X K, Gong Q R, Huang C H et al. Crystal growth, property investigation, and the deactivation effect of Tb3+ in Dy3+/Tb3+ codoped LiYF4 crystals: promising crystals for all-solid-state yellow lasers[J]. Crystal Growth & Design, 24, 3699-3706(2024).

[67] Yang Y L, Zhang L H, Li S M et al. Crystal growth and 570 nm emission of Dy3+ doped CeF3 single crystal[J]. Journal of Luminescence, 215, 116707(2019).

[68] Deng G L, Zhang Y H, Xu M et al. Spectroscopic properties of Pr∶PbF2 crystal with different doping concentration[J]. Journal of Luminescence, 267, 120357(2024).

[69] Deng G L, Yang Y L, Xu M et al. Optical characteristics and energy transfer analysis of Dy3+-Pr3+ ions doped in CeF3 crystal[J]. Journal of Luminescence, 270, 120542(2024).

[70] Zhang Y X, Yang Y L, Zhang L H et al. Watt-level continuous-wave and passively Q-switched red lasers pumped by a single blue laser diode[J]. Chinese Optics Letters, 17, 071402(2019).

[71] Fang Q N, Huang C H, Zhang Y X et al. Effects of Pr3+ doping concentration on optical properties of LaF3 crystal[J]. Optics & Laser Technology, 159, 109021(2023).

[72] Cornacchia F, Di Lieto A, Tonelli M et al. Efficient visible laser emission of GaN laser diode pumped Pr-doped fluoride scheelite crystals[J]. Optics Express, 16, 15932-15941(2008).

[73] Savrun E, Scott W D, Harris D C. The effect of titanium doping on the high-temperature rhombohedral twinning of sapphire[J]. Journal of Materials Science, 36, 2295-2301(2001).

[74] Cartlidge E. The light fantastic[J]. Science, 359, 382-385(2018).

[75] Guo Z, Yu L H, Wang J Y et al. Improvement of the focusing ability by double deformable mirrors for 10-PW-level Ti∶sapphire chirped pulse amplification laser system[J]. Optics Express, 26, 26776-26786(2018).

[76] Cao H, Gan Z B, Liang X Y et al. Optical property measurements of 235 mm large-scale Ti∶sapphire crystal[J]. Chinese Optics Letters, 16, 071401(2018).

[77] Liao R, Wen J H, Liu Z G et al. KLM titanium sapphire laser generates sub 10 fs optical pulses[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 47, 345-348(2002).

[78] Strickland D, Mourou G. Compression of amplified chirped optical pulses[J]. Optics Communications, 55, 447-449(1985).

[79] Feng X Q, Han X Z. Research progress of defects in Ti∶sapphire laser crystals[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 57, 230001(2020).

[80] Fahey R E, Strauss A J, Sanchez A et al[M]. Tunable solid state lasers Ⅱ, 82-88(1987).

[81] Aggarwal R L, Sanchez A, Stuppi M M et al. Residual infrared absorption in as-grown and annealed crystals of Ti∶Al2O3[J]. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 24, 1003-1008(1988).

[82] Yin S T, Chen W, Feng L et al. Research on the broadly residual absorption of titanium-doped sapphire[J]. Journal of Synthetic Crystals, 26, 246(1997).

[83] Zeng G P, Yin S T. Relationship between dislocation and infrared residual absorption in titanium sapphire crystal[J]. Journal of Synthetic Crystals, 29, 203(2000).

[84] Zeng G P, Yin S T, Yu X L. The relation between infrared residual absorption and point defects in Ti3+∶α-Al2O3 single crystal[J]. Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics, 19, 25-30(2002).

[85] Matsunaga K, Nakamura A, Yamamoto T et al. Theoretical study of defect structures in pure and titanium-doped alumina[J]. Solid State Ionics, 172, 155-158(2004).

[86] Matsunaga K, Nakamura A, Yamamoto T et al. First-principles study of defect energetics in titanium-doped alumina[J]. Physical Review B, 68, 214102(2003).

[87] Pustovarov V A, Perevalov T V, Gritsenko V A et al. Oxygen vacancy in Al2O3: photoluminescence study and first-principle simulation[J]. Thin Solid Films, 519, 6319-6322(2011).

[88] Matsunaga K, Tanaka T, Yamamoto T et al. First-principles calculations of intrinsic defects in Al2O3[J]. Physical Review B, 68, 085110(2003).

[89] Matsunaga K, Mizoguchi T, Nakamura A et al. Formation of titanium-solute clusters in alumina: a first-principles study[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 84, 4795-4797(2004).

[90] Kravchenko L Y, Fil D V. Defect complexes in Ti-doped sapphire: a first principles study[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 123, 023104(2018).

[91] Moulton P F, Cederberg J G, Stevens K T et al. Characterization of absorption bands in Ti∶sapphire crystals[J]. Optical Materials Express, 9, 2216-2251(2019).

[92] Xu M, Gong Q R, Li S M et al. Research progress of titanium doped sapphire laser crystal[J]. Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics, 38, 148-159(2021).

[93] Gong Q R, Zhao C C, Yang Y L et al. Theoretical study on residual infrared absorption of Ti∶sapphire laser crystals[J]. Photonics Research, 9, 909-915(2021).

[94] Gong Q, Zhao C C, Li S M et al. Theoretical study on near UV and visible optical absorption characteristics of Ti-doped α-Al2O3 single crystals[J]. Materials Today Communications, 28, 102506(2021).

[95] Deng G L, Gong Q R, Xu M et al. Experimental and theoretical investigation on the mechanism of hydrogen annealing for Ti∶sapphire laser crystal[J]. Materials Today Communications, 108463(2024).

[96] Kyropoulos S. Ein Verfahren zur Herstellung großer Kristalle[J]. Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie, 154, 308-313(1926).

[97] Nehari A, Brenier A, Panzer G et al. Ti-doped sapphire (Al2O3) single crystals grown by the Kyropoulos technique and optical characterizations[J]. Crystal Growth & Design, 11, 445-448(2011).

[98] Alombert-Goget G, Sen G, Pezzani C et al. Large Ti-doped sapphire single crystals grown by the Kyropoulos technique for petawatt power laser application[J]. Optical Materials, 61, 21-24(2016).

[99] Alombert-Goget G, Li H, Faria J et al. Titanium distribution in Ti-sapphire single crystals grown by Czochralski and Verneuil technique[J]. Optical Materials, 51, 1-4(2016).

[100] Xu M, Si J L, Zhang X C et al. Study on growth of large-sized Ti∶Al2O3 crystals by the temperature gradient technique[J]. Journal of Synthetic Crystals, 43, 7-12(2014).

[101] Xu M, Si J L, Zhang X C et al. Study on thermal properties of titanium-doped sapphire crystal[J]. Journal of Synthetic Crystals, 43, 1043-1049(2014).

[102] Nizhankovskiy S V, Dan’ko A Y, Krivonosov E V et al. Growth of large Ti∶sapphire crystals by horizontal directional solidification in argon atmosphere[J]. Inorganic Materials, 46, 35-37(2010).

[103] Nizhankovskyi S, Kryvonohov S, Sidelnikova N et al. Growth of large Ti∶sapphire crystals by the method of HDC with gradient doping[J]. Crystal Growth & Design, 22, 7153-7159(2022).

[104] Viechnicki D, Schmid F. Crystal growth using the heat exchanger method (HEM)[J]. Journal of Crystal Growth, 26, 162-164(1974).

[105] Ning K J, Liu Y C, Ma J et al. Growth and characterization of large-scale Ti∶sapphire crystal using heat exchange method for ultra-fast ultra-high-power lasers[J]. CrystEngComm, 17, 2801-2805(2015).

[106] Li W Q, Gan Z B, Yu L H et al. 339 J high-energy Ti∶sapphire chirped-pulse amplifier for 10 PW laser facility[J]. Optics Letters, 43, 5681-5684(2018).

[107] Zhang J L, Ma J, Lu T T et al. 16.9 MW, efficient 486.1 nm blue optical parametric oscillator using single BBO crystal[J]. Laser Physics Letters, 18, 025001(2021).

[108] Binetti S, Le Donne A, Rolfi A et al. Picosecond laser texturization of mc-silicon for photovoltaics: a comparison between 1064 nm, 532 nm and 355 nm radiation wavelengths[J]. Applied Surface Science, 371, 196-202(2016).

[109] Chen Y F, Huang H Y, Lee C C et al. High-power diode-pumped Nd∶GdVO4/KGW Raman laser at 578 nm[J]. Optics Letters, 45, 5562-5565(2020).

[110] Ding S J, Zhang Q L, Peng F et al. Crystal growth, spectral properties and continuous wave laser operation of new mixed Nd∶GdYNbO4 laser crystal[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 698, 159-163(2017).

[111] Sun S J, Wei Q, Huang Y S et al. Enhanced growth of Nd3+∶MgGdB5O10 laser crystals with intense multi-wavelength emission characteristics[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 8, 7104-7112(2020).

[112] Li Y, Jia Z T, Nie H K et al. Nd doped CaYAl3O7: exploration and laser performance of a novel disordered laser crystal[J]. CrystEngComm, 22, 4723-4729(2020).

[113] Fan M D, Wu G D, Duan X L et al. Preparation and optical properties of Nd∶Bi2Ti2O7 laser crystal with disordered structure and attractive multiwavelength emission characteristics[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 15, 46074-46084(2023).

[114] Yuan F F, Liao W B, Huang Y S et al. A new ~1 μm laser crystal Nd∶Gd2SrAl2O7: growth, thermal, spectral and lasing properties[J]. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 51, 125307(2018).

[115] Qin Z P, Qiao Z, Xie G Q et al. Femtosecond and dual-wavelength picosecond operations of Nd, La∶SrF2 disordered crystal laser[J]. IEEE Photonics Journal, 9, 1502007(2017).

[116] Zhang Y Y, Wang X P, Liu B et al. Spectroscopic characterization of disordered Nd∶BaLaGa3O7 crystal[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 35, s230003(2015).

[117] Lin W F, Huang C H, Li S M et al. Tunable laser operations on Nd-doped strontium and lanthanum aluminate crystals[J]. Infrared Physics & Technology, 136, 105066(2024).

[118] Liu X K, Gong Q R, Huang C H et al. Crystal growth and spectroscopic properties of Nd3+-doped SrB4O7 single crystal[J]. Optical Materials, 152, 115493(2024).

[119] Hong J Q, Zhang L H, Zhang P X et al. Growth, optical characterization and evaluation of laser properties of Nd∶LaF3 crystal[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 646, 706-709(2015).

[120] Yang Y L, Zhang L H, Quan C et al. Growth, thermal, and polarized spectroscopic properties of Nd∶CeF3 crystal for dual-wavelength lasers[J]. Journal of Luminescence, 227, 117558(2020).

[121] Zhao C C, Zhang L H, Hang Y et al. Optical spectroscopy of Nd3+ in LiLuF4 single crystals[J]. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 43, 495403(2010).

[122] Li R, Yu T, Zhang L H et al. 1047-nm all-solid-state laser based on Nd∶LuLF[J]. Chinese Optics Letters, 9, 021404(2011).

[123] Zhao C C, Hang Y, Zhang L H et al. Crystal growth, spectroscopic characterization, and continuous wave laser operation of Nd3+-doped LiLuF4 crystal[J]. Laser Physics Letters, 8, 263-268(2011).

[124] Wang M, Zhang S, Tang Y et al. Performance of actively Q-switched Nd∶LiLuF4 crystal end-pumped by a 792 nm laser diode[J]. Applied Physics B, 104, 829-833(2011).

[125] Zhao C C, He M Z, Hang Y et al. Spectroscopic characterization and diode-pumped 910 nm laser of Nd∶LiLuF4 crystal[J]. Laser Physics, 22, 918-921(2012).

[126] Li H Q, Zhang R, Tang Y L et al. Efficient dual-wavelength Nd∶LuLiF4 laser[J]. Optics Letters, 38, 4425-4428(2013).

[127] Zhang P X, Wan Y B, Yin J G et al. Spectroscopic, thermal and laser characteristics of Nd∶LiLuF4 for 1314 nm laser[J]. Laser Physics Letters, 11, 115803(2014).

[128] Li S X, Li T, Li D C et al. 808-nm diode-pumped dual-wavelength passively Q-switched Nd∶LuLiF4 laser with Bi-doped GaAs[J]. Optical Materials, 47, 169-172(2015).

[129] Li S X, Li G Q, Li T et al. 5.1-ps passively mode-locked Nd∶LuLiF4 laser[J]. Optical Materials Express, 5, 1366-1372(2015).

[130] Dereń P J, Bednarkiewicz A, Goldner P et al. Laser action in LaAlO3∶Nd3+ single crystal[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 103, 043102(2008).

[131] Huang C H, Li S M, Gong Q R et al. Optical properties of Nd,Th∶LaAlO3 demonstrates its potential in high-energy pulsed laser[J]. Optics & Laser Technology, 156, 108495(2022).

[132] Wang X D, Xu X D, Zang T C et al. Growth and spectral properties of Nd∶Lu3Al5O12 crystal[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 25, 435-440(2010).

[133] Jiang X Y. Study on key technologies of high efficiency repetition frequency large energy pulse laser[D](2020).

[134] Huang C H, Li S M, Zhao C C et al. Emission cross section redetermination of Nd∶LuAG crystals[J]. Optics Letters, 48, 5507-5510(2023).

[135] Huang C H, Lin W F, Fang Q N et al. Spectroscopy and efficient dual-wavelength laser performances of a Nd∶GYSAG crystal[J]. Optics Letters(2024).

[136] Huang C H, Lin W F, Zhang S L et al. Efficient continuous-wave and passively Q-switched Nd∶GSAG laser operating at 1.3 μm[J]. Optics & Laser Technology, 177, 111061(2024).

[137] Zhang Y H, Huang C H, Xu M et al. Nd∶GdScO3 crystal: polarized spectroscopic, thermal properties, and laser performance at 1.08 µm[J]. Optics & Laser Technology, 167, 109709(2023).

[138] Peng X Y, Asundi A, Chen Y H et al. Study of the mechanical properties of Nd∶YVO4 crystal by use of laser interferometry and finite-element analysis[J]. Applied Optics, 40, 1396-1403(2001).

[139] Hong J Q, Zhang L H, Li J et al. Spectroscopic, thermal and CW dual-wavelength laser characteristics of Nd∶LaF3 single crystal[J]. Optical Materials, 53, 10-13(2016).

[140] Lei J, Zhang L, Song Y F et al. Experimental and theoretical study of dual-wavelength continuous-wave laser in Yb∶YAG at 1030 and 1048 nm[J]. Optics & Laser Technology, 164, 109522(2023).

[141] Bauer D, Zawischa I, Sutter D H et al. Mode-locked Yb∶YAG thin-disk oscillator with 41 µJ pulse energy at 145 W average infrared power and high power frequency conversion[J]. Optics Express, 20, 9698-9704(2012).

[142] Kowalczyk M, Sotor J, Abramski K M. 59 fs mode-locked Yb∶KGW oscillator pumped by a single-mode laser diode[J]. Laser Physics Letters, 13, 035801(2016).

[143] Wang Y R, Su X C, Xie Y Y et al. 17.8 fs broadband Kerr-lens mode-locked Yb∶CALGO oscillator[J]. Optics Letters, 46, 1892-1895(2021).

[144] Kim D Y, Park B J, Lee S Y et al. High-power 50 fs Kerr-lens mode-locked Yb∶CALGO oscillator[J]. Optics Laser Technology, 159, 109019(2023).

[145] Peters R, Kränkel C, Fredrich-Thornton S T et al. Thermal analysis and efficient high power continuous-wave and mode-locked thin disk laser operation of Yb-doped sesquioxides[J]. Applied Physics B, 102, 509-514(2011).

[146] Schmidt A, Petrov V, Griebner U et al. Diode-pumped mode-locked Yb∶LuScO3 single crystal laser with 74 fs pulse duration[J]. Optics Letters, 35, 511-513(2010).

[147] Fu Y, Liang F, Lu D Z et al. Multiphonon-assisted continuous-wave tunable vibronic laser in Yb∶LuScO3 crystal[J]. Chinese Optics Letters, 21, 091402(2023).

[148] Lu D Z, Fang Q N, Yu X S et al. Power scaling of the self-frequency-doubled quasi-two-level Yb∶YCOB laser with a 30% slope efficiency[J]. Optics Letters, 44, 5157-5160(2019).

[149] Fang Q N, Lu D Z, Yu H H et al. Self-frequency-doubled vibronic yellow Yb∶YCOB laser at the wavelength of 570 nm[J]. Optics Letters, 41, 1002-1005(2016).

[150] Liang F, He C, Lu D Z et al. Multiphonon-assisted lasing beyond the fluorescence spectrum[J]. Nature Physics, 18, 1312-1316(2022).

[151] Yoshida A, Schmidt A, Petrov V et al. Diode-pumped mode-locked Yb∶YCOB laser generating 35 fs pulses[J]. Optics Letters, 36, 4425-4427(2011).

[152] Wentsch K S, Weichelt B, Günster S et al. Yb∶CaF2 thin-disk laser[J]. Optics Express, 22, 1524-1532(2014).

[153] Kowalczyk M, Major A, Sotor J. High peak power ultrafast Yb∶CaF2 oscillator pumped by a single-mode fiber-coupled laser diode[J]. Optics Express, 25, 26289-26295(2017).

[154] Yin J G, Hang Y, Liang X Y et al. Yb,Na∶PbF2: a potential new high-power laser material[J]. Optics Letters, 35, 3435-3437(2010).

[155] Yin J G, Hang Y, He X M et al. Room-temperature diode-pumped Yb,Na∶PbF2 laser[J]. Optics Letters, 37, 109-111(2012).

[156] Yin J G, Hang Y, He X M et al. Crystal growth and spectroscopic characterization of Yb-doped and Yb,Na-codoped PbF2 laser crystals[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 509, 6567-6570(2011).

[157] Zhang P X, Yin J G, Hang Y et al. Enhanced 1.0 μm emission and simultaneously suppressed upconversion emission in Yb∶PbF2 laser crystal codoped with NaF[J]. Laser Physics Letters, 10, 045803(2013).

[158] Yin J G, Hang Y, He X M et al. Direct comparison of Yb3+ doped LiYF4 and LiLuF4 as laser media at room-temperature[J]. Laser Physics Letters, 9, 126-130(2012).

[159] Zhao C C, Hang Y, He X M et al. Optical characterization and evaluation of the laser properties of Yb3+-doped (La,Sr)(Al,Ta)O3 single crystals[J]. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 23, 125401(2011).

[160] Zhang P X, Hang Y, Gong J et al. Growth, optical characterization and evaluation of laser properties of Yb3+,Mg2+∶LiTaO3 crystal[J]. Journal of Crystal Growth, 364, 57-61(2013).

[161] Hong J Q, Zhang L H, Hang Y et al. Spectroscopic and thermal characterizations of Yb∶LaF3 single crystal[J]. Optical Materials, 60, 128-131(2016).

[162] Zhang Y H, Li S M, Du X et al. Yb∶GdScO3 crystal for efficient ultrashort pulse lasers[J]. Optics Letters, 46, 3641-3644(2021).

[163] Cai E L, Du L, Zhao J X et al. Sub-100 fs pulses lasers from Yb∶GdScO3 crystal based on semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors[J]. Infrared Physics & Technology, 105309(2024).

[164] Guo J, Li S M, Zhao C C et al. SESAM mode-locked Yb∶GdScO3 laser[J]. Optics Express, 32, 7865-7872(2024).

[165] Johnson L F, Geusic J E, Van Uitert L G. Coherent oscillations from Tm3+, Ho3+, Yb3+, and Er3+ ions in yttrium aluminum garnet[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 7, 127-129(1965).

[166] Stoneman R C, L.Efficient Esterowitz, tunable broadly, Tm laser-pumped. YAG and Tm∶YSGG CW lasers[J]. Optics Letters, 15, 486-488(1990).

[167] Batay L E, Demidovich A A, Kuzmin A N et al. Efficient tunable laser operation of diode-pumped Yb, Tm∶KY(WO4)2 around 1.9 μm[J]. Applied Physics B, 75, 457-461(2002).

[168] Cornacchia F, Parisi D, Bernardini C et al. Efficient, diode-pumped Tm3+∶BaY2F8 vibronic laser[J]. Optics Express, 12, 1982-1989(2004).

[169] Cemy P, Burns D. Modeling and experimental investigation of a diode-pumped Tm∶YAlO3 laser with a- and b-cut crystal orientations[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 11, 674-681(2005).

[170] Petrov V, Liu J H, Galan M et al. Efficient diode-pumped CW Tm∶KLu(WO4)2 laser[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, 6216, 62160K(2006).

[171] Serna R. Continuous-wave 1.94 μm Laser based on Tm∶BaY2F8 lases from 1849 nm to 2059 nm[J]. MRS Bulletin, 30, 421-422(2005).

[172] Petrov V, Guell F, Massons J et al. Efficient tunable laser operation of Tm∶KGd(WO4)2 in the continuous-wave regime at room temperature[J]. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 40, 1244-1251(2004).

[173] Cano-Torres J M, Serrano M D, Zaldo C et al. Broadly tunable laser operation near 2 μm in a locally disordered crystal of Tm3+-doped NaGd(WO4)2[J]. Journal of the Optical Society of America B, 23, 2494-2502(2006).

[174] Lai K S, Phua P B, Wu R F et al. 120-W continuous-wave diode-pumped Tm∶YAG laser[J]. Optics Letters, 25, 1591-1593(2000).

[175] Lai K S. Xie W J[C], WE6-2(2002).

[176] Wang C L, Niu Y X, Du S F et al. High-power diode-side-pumped rod Tm∶YAG laser at 2.07 μm[J]. Applied Optics, 52, 7494-7497(2013).

[177] Mao Y F, Gao Y, Wang L. 254 W laser-diode dual-end-pumped Tm∶YAP InnoSlab laser[J]. Applied Optics, 59, 8224-8227(2020).

[178] Pinto J F, Rosenblatt G H, Esterowitz L. Continuous-wave mode-locked 2-μm Tm∶YAG laser[J]. Optics Letters, 17, 731-732(1992).

[179] Wang Y C, Chen W D, Mero M et al. Sub-100 fs Tm∶MgWO4 laser at 2017 nm[C], ATh3A.1(2017).

[180] Zhao Y G, Wang L, Chen W D et al. SESAM mode-locked Tm∶LuYO3 ceramic laser generating 54-fs pulses at 2048 nm[J]. Applied Optics, 59, 10493-10497(2020).

[181] Wang L, Chen W D, Zhao Y G et al. Sub-50 fs pulse generation from a SESAM mode-locked Tm,Ho-codoped calcium aluminate laser[J]. Optics Letters, 46, 2642-2645(2021).

[182] Ling W J, Wang W T. Research progress of 2 μm ultrashort pulse all solid state thulium doped oscillator (invited)[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 50, 20210346(2021).

[183] Yang K J, Heinecke D C, Kölbl C et al. Mode-locked Tm,Ho∶YAP laser around 2.1 μm[J]. Optics Express, 21, 1574-1580(2013).

[184] Lagatsky A A, Han X, Serrano M D et al. Femtosecond (191 fs) NaY(WO4)2 Tm,Ho-codoped laser at 2060 nm[J]. Optics Letters, 35, 3027-3029(2010).

[185] Wang L, Chen W D, Zhao Y G et al. Single-walled carbon-nanotube saturable absorber assisted Kerr-lens mode-locked Tm∶MgWO4 laser[J]. Optics Letters, 45, 6142-6145(2020).

[186] Lagatsky A A, Calvez S, Gupta J A et al. Broadly tunable femtosecond mode-locking in a Tm∶KYW laser near 2 μm[J]. Optics Express, 19, 9995-10000(2011).

[187] Schmidt A, Choi S Y, Yeom D I et al. Femtosecond pulses near 2 μm from a Tm∶KLuW laser mode-locked by a single-walled carbon nanotube saturable absorber[J]. Applied Physics Express, 5, 092704(2012).

[188] Suzuki A, Kränkel C, Tokurakawa M. Sub-6 optical-cycle Kerr-lens mode-locked Tm∶Lu2O3 and Tm∶Sc2O3 combined gain media laser at 2.1 μm[J]. Optics Express, 29, 19465-19471(2021).

[189] Peng H Y. Studies on the Tm,Ho doped fluoride laser crystals in 2 μm range[D](2009).

[190] Zhao C C. Study of growth, spectra and laser properties on Re3+ doped LiLuF4 and BaMgF4 crystals[D](2012).

[191] Zhang P X. Novel rare earth ions doped lead fluoride mid-infrared laser crystals[D](2016).

[192] Hong J Q. Study of growth, spectra and laser properties on RE3+ doped LaF3 crystal[D](2017).

[193] Li S M. Growth and characterization of rare earth ions doped LaF3/Y2O3 laser crystals in 2‒3 μm spectral range[D](2020).

[194] Yang Y L. Study on growth and properties of rare earth ions doped CeF3 crystal[D](2021).

[195] Xiong J, Peng H Y, Hu P C et al. Optical characterization of Tm3+ in LiYF4 and LiLuF4 crystals[J]. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 43, 185402(2010).

[196] Yin J G, Hang Y, He X H et al. Transition intensities and excited state relaxation dynamics of Tm3+ in Tm∶PbF2 crystal[J]. Laser Physics, 22, 609-613(2012).

[197] Hong J Q, Zhang L H, Xu M et al. Optical characterization of Tm3+ in LaF3 single crystal[J]. Infrared Physics & Technology, 82, 50-55(2017).

[198] Zhao C C, Hang Y, Zhang L H et al. Polarized spectroscopic properties of Ho3+-doped LuLiF4 single crystal for 2 μm and 2.9 μm lasers[J]. Optical Materials, 33, 1610-1615(2011).

[199] Zhang P X, Zhang L H, Hong J Q et al. Spectroscopic properties of Ho3+-doped PbF2 single crystal for 2 μm lasers[J]. Optical Materials, 46, 389-392(2015).

[200] Hong J Q, Zhang L H, Zhang P X et al. Ho∶LaF3 single crystal as potential material for 2 μm and 2.9 μm lasers[J]. Infrared Physics & Technology, 76, 636-640(2016).

[201] Yang Y L, Zhang L H, Li S M et al. Growth and mid-infrared luminescence property of Ho3+ doped CeF3 single crystal[J]. Infrared Physics & Technology, 105, 103230(2020).

[202] Cheng X J, Zhang S Y, Xu J et al. High-power diode-end-pumped Tm∶LiLuF4 slab lasers[J]. Optics Express, 17, 14895-14901(2009).

[203] Peng H Y, Zhang K, Zhang L H et al. Spectral properties and laser performance of Tm, Ho∶LuLF4 crystal[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, 7276, 72760P(2008).

[204] Xu L, Tang Y L, Zhang S Y et al. High power pulsed 2 μm fiber main-oscillator power-amplifier system[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 37, 2384-2388(2010).

[205] Chen G Z, Hang Y, Peng H Y et al. Growth and spectral properties of Tm∶YLiF4 crystals[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 31, 0116002(2011).

[206] Cheng X J, Xu J Q, Hang Y et al. High-power diode-end-pumped Tm∶YAP and Tm∶YLF slab lasers[J]. Chinese Optics Letters, 9, 091406(2011).

[207] Dai Y F, Li Y Y, Zou X et al. Compact passively Q-switched Tm∶YLF laser with a polycrystalline Cr∶ZnS saturable absorber[J]. Optics & Laser Technology, 57, 202-205(2014).

[208] Zou X, Leng Y X, Li Y Y et al. Passively Q-switched mode-locked Tm∶LLF laser with a MoS2 saturable absorber[J]. Chinese Optics Letters, 13, 081405(2015).

[209] Zhang Y S, Cai Y Q, Xu B et al. Extending the wavelength tunability from 2.01 to 2.1 μm and simultaneous dual-wavelength operation at 2.05 and 2.3 μm in diode-pumped Tm∶YLF lasers[J]. Journal of Luminescence, 218, 116873(2020).

[210] Zhang P X, Wan Y B, Yin J G et al. Low-phonon PbF2: Tm3+-doped crystal for 1.9 µm lasing[J]. Laser Physics Letters, 11, 115802(2014).

[211] Li S M, Zhang L H, Li C et al. Growth, thermal conductivity, spectra, and 2 µm continuous-wave characteristics of Tm3+,Ho3+ co-doped LaF3 crystal[J]. Journal of Luminescence, 210, 142-145(2019).

[212] Eremeev K, Loiko P, Zhao C et al. Growth, spectroscopy and laser operation of Tm,Ho∶GdScO3 perovskite crystal[J]. Optics Express, 32, 13527-13542(2024).

[213] Li S M, Fang Q N, Zhang Y H et al. 2 μm ultrabroad spectra and laser operation of Tm∶GdScO3 crystal[J]. Optics & Laser Technology, 143, 107345(2021).

[214] Li S M, Tao S L, Zhang S Y et al. Tm∶GdScO3: a promising crystal for continuous-wave and passively Q-switched laser at 2μm[J]. Optics & Laser Technology, 156, 108628(2022).

[215] Wang X Y, Chen Z, Zhang L H et al. Preparation, spectroscopic characterization and energy transfer investigation of iron-chromium diffusion co-doped ZnSe for mid-IR laser applications[J]. Optical Materials, 54, 234-237(2016).

[216] Wang X Y. Preparation and properties of mid-infrared laser material TM: Ⅱ-Ⅵ[D](2016).

[217] Zhang K. ZnGeP preparation and properties of ZnSe materials doped with transition metal ions[D](2009).

[218] Liu G H, Gu D, Liu J L et al. Development of the 2.7 μm to 3 μm erbium-doped laser[J]. Crystals, 13, 1471(2023).

[219] Messner M, Heinrich A, Hagen C et al. High brightness diode pumped Er∶YAG laser system at 2.94 µm with nearly 1 kW peak power[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, 9726, 972602(2016).

[220] Wang J T, Cheng T Q, Wang L et al. Compensation of strong thermal lensing in an LD side-pumped high-power Er∶YSGG laser[J]. Laser Physics Letters, 12, 105004(2015).

[221] Shen B J, Kang H X, Chen P et al. Performance of continuous-wave laser-diode side-pumped Er∶YSGG slab lasers at 2.79 μm[J]. Applied Physics B, 121, 511-515(2015).

[222] Pushkin A V, Slovinsky I A, Shakirov A A et al. Diode-side-pumped watt-level high-energy Q-switched mid-IR Er∶YLF laser[J]. Optics Letters, 46, 5465-5468(2021).

[223] Quan C, Sun D L, Zhang H L et al. Pr3+ concentration effect on spectroscopic property and 3 µm laser performance of Er∶YAP crystal[J]. Infrared Physics & Technology, 135, 104955(2023).

[224] Machan J, Kurtz R, Bass M et al. Simultaneous, multiple wavelength lasing of (Ho, Nd)∶Y3Al5O12[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 51, 1313-1315(1987).

[225] Diening A, Möbert P E A, Heumann E et al. Diode-pumped CW lasing of Yb,Ho∶KYF4 in the 3 µm spectral range in comparison to Er∶KYF4[J]. Laser Physics, 8, 214-217(1998).

[226] Diening A, Kück S. Spectroscopy and diode-pumped laser oscillation of Yb3+,Ho3+-doped yttrium scandium gallium garnet[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 87, 4063-4068(2000).

[227] Nie H K, Shi B N, Xia H P et al. High-repetition-rate kHz electro-optically Q-switched Ho, Pr∶YLF 2.9 µm bulk laser[J]. Optics Express, 26, 33671-33677(2018).

[228] Nie H K, Xia H P, Shi B N et al. High-efficiency watt-level continuous-wave 2.9 µm Ho, Pr∶YLF laser[J]. Optics Letters, 43, 6109-6112(2018).

[229] Qiao Y, Sun D L, Zhang H L et al. Thermal, spectroscopy and optimized ∼3 µm CW laser properties for Ho,Pr∶YAP crystal[J]. Optics Express, 31, 36429-36438(2023).

[230] Johnson L F, Guggenheim H J. Laser emission at 3 μm from Dy3+ in BaY2F8[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 23, 96-98(1973).

[231] Djeu N, Hartwell V E, Kaminskii A A et al. Room-temperature 3.4-µm Dy∶BaYb2F8 laser[J]. Optics Letters, 22, 997-999(1997).

[232] Zhang P X, Li S M, Yang Y L et al. Growth and performance optimization of mid-infrared fluoride laser crystal[J]. Journal of Synthetic Crystals, 49, 1369-1378(2020).

[233] Zhao C C, Zhang P X, Li S M et al. Development of rare-earth ion doped fluoride laser crystal[J]. Journal of Synthetic Crystals, 51, 1573-1587(2022).

[234] Nie H, Zhang P, Zhang B et al. Diode-end-pumped Ho,Pr∶LiLuF4 bulk laser at 2.95 μm[J]. Optics Letters, 42, 699-702(2017).

[235] Nie H, Zhang P, Zhang B et al. Watt-level continuous-wave and black phosphorus passive Q-switching operation of Ho3+,Pr3+∶LiLuF4 bulk laser at 2.95 μm[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 24, 1600205(2017).

[236] Wang R, Huang X B, Wang Y C et al. Intense 3.9 µm emission of Ho3+ doped YAlO3 single crystal[J]. Infrared Physics & Technology, 88, 97-101(2018).

[237] Zhang P X, Hang Y, Li Z et al. Sensitization and deactivation effects of Nd3+on the Ho3+: 3.9  µm emission in a PbF2 crystal[J]. Optics Letters, 42, 2559-2562(2017).

[238] Ma C Q, Zhang Y, Guo J W et al. A 3.9 µm Ho3+∶BaY2F8 laser directly pumped by laser diodes[J]. Electronics Letters, 57, 779-781(2021).

[239] Tabirian A M. Jenssen H P[C], MC5-8(2001).

[240] Stutz R, Miller H C, Dinndorf K M et al. High-pulse-energy 3.9-μm lasers in Ho∶BYF[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, 5332, 111-119(2004).

[241] Ma C Q, Zhang Y, Cai H et al. A 3.9 µm Ho3+∶BYF laser pumped by a three-mirror cavity Cr∶LiSAF laser with high optical-to-optical efficiency[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, 12061, 1206123(2021).

[242] Savitski V, Schlosser P, Isaenko L et al. Diode-pumped Dy∶KPb2Cl5 laser at 4.2‒4.45 µm[C], ATu4A.1-7(2021).

[243] Schlosser P, Savitski V G. Comparative performance of diode-pumped Dy∶KPb2Cl5 and Dy∶PbGa2S4 lasers in the middle-infrared spectral region[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, 12092, 1209205(2022).

[244] Huang C B, Ni Y B, Wu H X et al. Crystal growth and first-principles calculations of the mid-IR laser crystal Dy3+∶PbGa2S4[J]. Crystal Growth & Design, 20, 845-850(2020).

[245] Fang P, Yuan Z R, Chen Y et al. Growth and device fabrication of mid-infrared laser crystal Dy∶PbGa2S4[J]. Journal of Synthetic Crystals, 49, 771-773(2020).

[246] Jelínkov􀅡 H, Doroshenko M E, Jelínek M et al. Fe∶ZnSe and Fe∶ZnMgSe lasers pumped by Er∶YSGG radiation[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, 9342, 934201(2015).

[247] Antonov V A, Davydov A A, Firsov K N et al. Lasing characteristics of heavily doped single-crystal Fe∶ZnSe[J]. Applied Physics B, 125, 173(2019).

[248] Akimov V A, Frolov M P, Korostelin Y V et al. Vapour growth of Ⅱ-Ⅵ single crystals doped by transition metals for mid-infrared lasers[J]. Physica Status Solidi C, 3, 1213-1216(2006).

[249] Frolov M P, Korostelin Y V, Kozlovsky V I et al. Study of a room temperature, monocrystalline Fe: ZnSe laser, pumped by a high-energy, free-running Er: YAG laser[J]. Laser Physics, 29, 085004(2019).

[250] Dormidonov A E, Firsov K N, Gavrishchuk E M et al. High-efficiency room-temperature ZnSe∶Fe2+ laser with a high pulsed radiation energy[J]. Applied Physics B, 122, 211(2016).

[251] Balabanov S S, Firsov K N, Gavrishchuk E M et al. Laser properties of Fe2+∶ZnSe fabricated by solid-state diffusion bonding[J]. Laser Physics Letters, 15, 045806(2018).

[252] Balabanov S S, Firsov K N, Gavrishchuk E M et al. Room-temperature lasing on Fe2+∶ZnSe with meniscus inner doped layer fabricated by solid-state diffusion bonding[J]. Laser Physics Letters, 16, 055004(2019).

[253] Ke C J, Wang D L, Wang X Y et al. Room temperature Fe2+∶ZnSe laser obtains 15 mJ mid-infrared laser output[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 42, 0219004(2015).

[254] Kong X Y, Ke C J, Hu C F et al. 65 mJ Fe2+∶ZnSe mid-infrared laser at room temperature[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 45, 0101011(2018).

[255] Kong X Y, Ke C J, Wu T H et al. Research on the characteristic of pulsed Fe2+∶ZnSe mid-infrared laser at room temperature[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 47, 1005001(2018).

[256] Zhang X J, Si S C, Yu J B et al. Improving the luminous efficacy and resistance to blue laser irradiation of phosphor-in-glass based solid state laser lighting through employing dual-functional sapphire plate[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 7, 354-361(2019).

[257] Wu X, Tang L, Hardin C L et al. Thermal conductivity and management in laser gain materials: a nano/microstructural perspective[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 131, 020902(2022).

[258] Wolter J H, Ahmed M A, Graf T. Thin-disk laser operation of Ti∶sapphire[J]. Optics Letters, 42, 1624-1627(2017).

[259] Millar P, Birch R B, Kemp A J et al. Synthetic diamond for intracavity thermal management in compact solid-state lasers[J]. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 44, 709-717(2008).

[260] Millar P, Kemp A J, Burns D. Power scaling of Nd∶YVO4 and Nd∶GdVO4 disk lasers using synthetic diamond as a heat spreader[J]. Optics Letters, 34, 782-784(2009).

[261] Ichikawa H, Yamaguchi K, Katsumata T et al. High-power and highly efficient composite laser with an anti-reflection coated layer between a laser crystal and a diamond heat spreader fabricated by room-temperature bonding[J]. Optics Express, 25, 22797-22804(2017).

[262] Zhang S L, Zhao C C, Zhu Y et al. Heteroepitaxial growth of diamond films on Y3Al5O12 single crystals[J]. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 273, 125152(2021).

[263] Zhu Y, Zhang S L, Yu X H et al. Effective diamond deposition on Ti∶sapphire with a Cr interlayer via microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition[J]. CrystEngComm, 25, 1286-1294(2023).