Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of vapor sorption analyzer^[16]

Fig. 2. Comparison of DRHs^[16] measured using a vapor sorption analyzer with literature values^[33]. (a) DRHs of (NH₄)₂SO₄, NaCl, MgCl₂·6H₂O, Mg(NO₃)₂·6H₂O, CaBr₂, and KCl at 25 ℃; (b) DRHs of Mg(NO₃)₂·6H₂O as a function of temperature from 5 ℃ to 30 ℃

Fig. 3. The dependence of m_w(90%)/m₀ on BET surface areas of 21 types of mineral dust (a) and the dependence of θ(90%) on average particle diameters (b)^[24]

Fig. 4. Changes in hygroscopicity [m_w(90%)/m₀] of CaCO₃ with reaction time after heterogeneous reaction with 2.5 × 10¹⁴ molecule/cm³ NO₂ at different relative humidity. (a) 20% RH and 40% RH; (b) 60% RH and 80% RH^[54]

Fig. 5. Mass ratios of adsorbed water to dry samples (m_w/m₀) of unconventional mineral particles as a function of relative humidity^[26]

Fig. 6. Transmission Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of six pollen species^[27]

Fig. 7. Mass growth factors as a function of RH at 25 ℃ for sodium methyl sulfate, sodium ethyl sulfate, sodium octyl sulfate and potassium hydroxyacetone sulfate (a), and comparison between hygroscopic growth factors of methyl-, ethyl- and octyl-OS derived from VSA experiments to those measured using H-TDMA (b)^[29]

Fig. 8. Phase diagrams for the Mg-perchlorate system (a) and the Na-perchlorate system (b) ^[91]

Fig. 9. Mass hygroscopic growth factors of salbutamol sulfate and tiotropium bromide at different relative humidities (a), and mass hygroscopic growth factors of cysteine (b) and chymotrypsin (c) at 25 ℃ and 37 ℃ as a function of relative humidity