Lead-based textured piezoelectric ceramics have significantly lower production costs compared to single crystals with performance that notably exceeds that of non-textured ones. They are regarded as the most promising alternative to lead zirconate titanate polycrystalline ceramics and have emerged as a key research topic in the materials science field in recent years. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the growth principles and characterization methods for lead-based textured piezoelectric ceramics, including the preparation processes for templates, and the essential steps involved in production of these ceramics. Then, it summarizes representative research findings on lead-based textured piezoelectric ceramics and systemizes various improvement strategies. From the perspective of material formulation, the component ratios of ternary and binary system textured piezoelectric ceramics are typically chosen at the phase boundary to ease flipping of polar states under an external electric field, thereby achieving a high piezoelectric coefficient (d₃₃). Both systems exhibit similar d₃₃, but Curie temperature of the ternary system is generally higher than that of the binary system, indicating greater application potential. From the perspective of preparation processes, the addition of sintering aids can significantly promote oriented growth of grains and post-annealing can eliminate impurities at grain boundaries and void defects. Moreover, quenching can freeze the electric dipoles from a disordered state. These improvements in processing have significantly enhanced the performance of lead-based textured piezoelectric ceramics. Finally, this paper analyzes the current issues and developmental challenges, concluding that differences in lattice parameters and valence states of B-site ions between the template and the matrix material are the primary factors limiting the performance of lead-based textured piezoelectric ceramics. Customizing templates that match well with different matrix materials will further improve their performance.