Fig. 1. Ring-array PACT system^[31]

Fig. 2. Experimental results of liver tumor mouse model^[31]. (a) Dissected liver with tumor, and arrow points to tumor; (b) PACT result of liver tumor mouse, and arrow points to feeding vessel of tumor; (c) HE staining result of section, and dashed and solid arrows point to normal and tumor regions, respectively; (d) reconstructed result of SoS distribution corresponding to Fig. 2(b). Scale bars: (a)(b)(d) 5 mm; (c) 40 μm

Fig. 3. Numerical simulation results^[53]. (a) Reconstructed IP image by dual-SoS method; (b) reconstructed IP image by conventional FC method; (c) reconstructed IP image by MSFC method; (d) gold standard SoS distribution by the numerical simulation; (e) reconstructed SoS distribution by FC method; (f) reconstructed SoS distribution by MSFC method

Fig. 4. Flow chart of APACT method

Fig. 5. In vivo imaging results(scale bar: 1 mm)^[64]. (a) IP image reconstructed by conventional DAS method; (b) IP image reconstructed by APACT method; enlarged results of areas in dotted and solid lines in (c) Fig.5 (a) and (d) Fig.5 (b), respectively; (e) extracted wavefront distortion based on region with relative fitting residual below 70%; (f) recovered SoS distribution

Fig. 6. Comparison between FC method and APACT method(scale bar: 1 mm)^[64]. (a) IP image reconstructed by FC method with prior knowledge; (b) IP image reconstructed by FC method without prior knowledge; (c) IP image reconstructed by APACT method; (d) in vivo IP image reconstructed by FC method; (e) SoS distribution corresponding to Fig. 6 (a); (f) SoS distribution corresponding to Fig. 6 (b); (g) SoS distribution corresponding to Fig. 6 (c); (h) in vivo IP image reconstructed by APACT method

Fig. 7. Diagrams of SC method, and all images are obtained by numerical simulation. (a) IP reconstructed by SC method; (b) left column is IP reconstruction results of area in dashed box in Fig. 7 (a), center column is Fourier transform results of left column, right column is results of converting results in center column to polar coordinate; (c) energy distribution of signal, and dots indicate minima; (d) gold standard SoS distribution; (e) SoS distribution estimated by SC method; scale bars: (a) (d) (e) 5 mm