Fig. 1. Different classifications and applications of OLF^{［30，32-35］}

Fig. 2. OLF generated by transverse BSM in free space optical wave field. (a) Force streamlines for using R-CPL and L-CPL with numerical aperture of 1.2 and silicon dioxide particles with diameter of 100 nm^[95]; (b) OLF from transverse SAM in double beam interference standing wave field^[31]; (c) all-optical chiral-sensitive realized by reversible OLF in interference field^[97]; (d) OLF on polystyrene particles under linear light field illumination^[72]

Fig. 3. OLF generated by transverse BSM in near field. (a) OLF generated by transverse BSM in evanescent waves^[30]; (b) OLF in evanescent waves with different degrees of polarization on Poincaré sphere^[98]; (c) OLF from microfiber-microcavity system^[100]

Fig. 4. Experiments and research on OLF from transverse BSM. (a) Nanomechanical cantilever measurements^[99]; (b) three-dimensional measurement setup for transverse spin force on Mie particle^[101]; (c) experimental schematic for generating line-shaped light field in uniform environment to achieve stable OLF on particle^[72]; (d) small particle driven to rotate laterally around larger particle^[103]

Fig. 5. OGF on chiral particles. (a) Illustration of three-dimensional capture of chiral particles^[111]; (b) scanning electron microscope images of chiral gold nanoparticles and schematic diagram of chiral gold nanoparticle capture experiment^[115]; (c) optical capture and repulsion of radial isotropic chiral microspheres^[112]

Fig. 6. Linearly polarized light excites OLF on chiral particle. (a) Applying OLF to particle at interface through coupling of chirality and linearly polarized light^[74]; (b) OLF on chiral particle in linearly polarized evanescent wave^[34]; (c) reversible OLF generated by line-shaped linearly polarized beam^[75]; (d) linearly polarized light generates OLF on chiral dimers^[127]

Fig. 7. OLF on chiral particle in special light wave. (a) Schematic diagram of OLF generated by chiral particle in dual-plane wave interference field^[91]; (b) separation of chiral enantiomers using optical force and torque induced by tightly focused vector-polarized hollow beam^[128]; (c) schematic diagrams of OLF on chiral particle in a focused vector light field, and function of OLF with particle chirality parameters and radius^[129]; (d) optical Stern-Gerlach Newton experiment using chiral liquid crystal microsphere^[134]

Fig. 8. Enhancing OLF using chirality. (a) Schematic diagram of metal-chiral Kretschmann configuration with SPP-assisted chiral enantiomer recognition and separation^[81]; (b) enhancement of OLF on chiral nanoparticle through Fano resonance in gold split-ring resonator^[137]; (c) multipole superposition effect in single chiral nanostructure^[76]; (d) enantiomer-selective optical force using achiral and chiral microscope probes^[139]

Fig. 9. OLF from azimuthal IPM. (a) Field structure in IPM vortex beam^[32]; (b) experimental observation of OLF induced by IPM^[86]

Fig. 10. OLF generated by SOI in far field. (a) Generation of SOI in highly focused beam^[150]; (b) OLF on dielectric particles placed at air-water interface resulted from SOI^[78]; (c) SAM-to-OAM conversion generates OLF in annular beam^[154]

Fig. 11.

OLF generated by SOI in near field. (a) Schematic diagram of using CPL to break symmetry and excite transverse SPP wave and OLF^[79]; (b) OLF generated by one-dimensional photonic crystal structure being tuned via particles magnetic resonance mode^[33]; (c) under illumination of CPL, particles move bidirectionally or rotate along curved waveguide when placed above or below waveguide^[80]

Fig. 12. Lateral force from microbubbles. (a) Mechanism of microbubble capturing nanoparticle^[157]; (b) using microbubble compression printing technique can drive micromechanical motion^[166]; (c) using microbubble generated by photothermal effect can achieve active sensing^[168]

Fig. 13. Heating-induced OLF. (a) Thermophoretic force caused by temperature gradient, which drives particle from high temperature region to low temperature region^[170]; (b) thermo-osmosis force caused by slip velocity generated by surface temperature gradient^[170]; (c) strong fluid convection generated by heating gold nanorod on indium tin oxide substrate^[178]; (d) schematic diagram of nanoantenna heating combined with alternating electric field for particle manipulation^[188]; (e) schematic diagram of manipulation of particles using thermoelectric force^[192]

Fig. 14. Topological OLF^[194]. (a) Schematic of double-layer PhCS that generates topological optical; (b) schematic of particle manipulation at BIC modes in PhCS when α_top=α_bot; (c) schematic of particle manipulation at BIC modes in PhCS when α_top≠α_bot; (d) band structure and particle motion diagram when α_top=α_bot; (e) band structure and particle motion diagram when αtop≠αbot